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The Earl of Teviot | |
|---|---|
| Governor of Tangier | |
| In office 1663–1664 | |
| Preceded by | Henry Mordaunt |
| Succeeded by | Sir Tobias Bridges |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Andrew Rutherfurd Restalrig, Edinburgh, Scotland |
| Died | (1664-05-04)4 May 1664 Jews' Mount, Tangier, Morocco |
| Spouse | Susanna de Melville |
| Alma mater | Edinburgh University |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | France, England |
| Rank | Colonel général des Ecossais |
| Unit | Garde Écossaise, Tangier Regiment |
| Battles/wars | Siege of Thionville (1643) Battle of Lens (1648) Civil wars of the Fronde |
Andrew Rutherford, 1st Earl of Teviot (died 4 May 1664; sometimes spelt "Rutherfurd") was a Scottish soldier.
Early life
Andrew was the fifth and youngest son of a merchant burgess of Edinburgh—William Rutherfurd (died 1624) of Wrightslands and of Easter and Wester Quarrelholes in Restalrig—and his wife Isobel (married 1608), daughter of James Stewart of Traquair. He received his education at Edinburgh University, and later took up a career in the military in France.
Career
During the Commonwealth (or, to monarchists, the Interregnum), Rutherford served the French government, which maintained regiments of Scottish soldiers throughout the Thirty Years's War. On the restoration of Charles II, Rutherford was taken into employment by his own king on the recommendation of Louis XIV of France.[1] According to the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, he became a lieutenant general in France and had a high reputation for personal courage; however, the Dictionary of National Biography states that he "never rose beyond the rank of colonel in French service, and was certainly not promoted to the prestigious rank of lieutenant général."[2][3]
Rutherford returned to Scotland in 1660. In 1661 Charles II gave him the Scottish title of Lord Rutherfurd and the governorship of Dunkirk, which had been acquired by the Protector Oliver Cromwell. When Charles II sold the town to France in 1662 Rutherford was consoled by the command of the Colony of Tangier and the Tangier Regiment, and was made Earl of Teviot.[1]
He was sent in 1663 as governor to Tangier. His tenure of office was very short, for on 4 May 1664 he was trapped at the Battle of Tangier in an ambush by the Moors, who had been carrying out incessant irregular warfare against the English garrison, and was killed, together with nineteen officers and nearly five hundred men of the garrison.[1]
Personal life
On 18 April 1651, Rutherfurd was married to Susanna de Melville at Migueri in the Châtelain of Bois Commune in France.[4]
By his death without lawful male issue the earldom of Teviot became extinct; but on 23 December 1663 he had executed at Portsmouth a general settlement of his estates and dignities to his cousin Sir Thomas Rutherford of Hunthill, who on 16 December 1665 was served heir in his title of Lord Rutherford and also in his lands.[5]
Legacy
In his will he donated funds to his former university in Edinburgh, for the construction of eight chambers, and gave directions that a Latin inscription which he had composed should be placed upon the building.
References
- ^ a b c One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Teviot, Andrew Rutherford, Earl of". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 686.
- ^ DNB entry (subscription required)
- ^ Glozier 2004, p. 263.
- ^ Paul, James Balfour (1910). The Scots Peerage: Founded on Wood's Edition of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland; Containing an Historical and Genealogical Account of the Nobility of that Kingdom. D. Douglas. p. 375. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
- ^
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Henderson, Thomas Finlayson (1885–1900). "Rutherford, Andrew". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
External links
- Matthew Glozier, Scottish Soldiers in France the service of the Sun King (Brill, Leiden, 2004).
- W. F. Lord, The Lost Possessions of England (London, 1896).
8 Annotations
First Reading
Wim van der Meij • Link
Andrew, created Baron Rutherford, 1661, Earl of Teviot, 1663; successively Governor of Dunkirk and Tangier, where he was killed by the Moors in 1663. (Warrington)
language hat • Link
Companion:
Andrew Rutherford, cr. Baron Rutherford 1661, Earl of Teviot 1663 (d. 1664). A Roman Catholic and a professional soldier, of Scottish birth; Colonel of the Gardes Ecossaises in the French army in the 1650s; Governor of Dunkirk 1660-2 and of Tangier 1663-4. His heir was a relative, Sir Thomas Rutherford of Hunthill, who succeeded to the barony by nomination, the earldom becoming extinct.
pedro • Link
Teviot.
The second commander and governor was the Lord Andrew Rutherford, a distinguished Scottish soldier, previously the governor of Dunkirk. He was created Earl of Teviot 'to hearten him for his new post'. He was a professional soldier, chiefly responsible for the evacuation of Dunkirk, from which town he brought 400 soldiers who reinforced the Tangier Regiment. These were mostly Irishmen and he reorganised the his troops into separate English and Irish regiments. Many people in Britain felt apprehension that a Roman Catholic should command so many Catholic soldiers. When he arrived he found the garrison demoralised by the constant attacks and the fortifications in urgent need of repair. Under his energetic leadership a line of stone redoubts was constructed beyond the town walls, which were strengthened with a number of forts. Teviot also started to build a much needed breakwater or mole, to provide an all-weather harbour for ships. King Charles offered Sir Christopher Wren a commission 'to survey and direct the works of the mole and fortifications of the citadel and town', but Wren turned it down because of ill health.
Truces were agreed with Gayland, but he proved a most treacherous enemy. In one sortie, the heavily outnumbered English troops were ambushed and lost 19 officers and 400 men killed, with Teviot among them, dying at the head of his men. To add to the garrison's problems, illness broke out, stores and provisions were low and costly, and the troops received no pay for several months.
http://www.kipar.org/military-his…
TerryF • Link
TEVIOT, ANDREW RUTHERFORD, EARL OF (d. 1664), was the son of William Rutherford of Quarrelholes, Roxburghshire. His education was received in Edinburgh, and he took up the career of soldier of fortune. His services were given to the French government, which maintained regiments of Scottish mercenaries. On the restoration of Charles II., Rutherford was taken into employment by his own king on the recommendation of Louis XIV. of France. He had held a commission as lieutenant-general in France and had a high reputation for personal courage. Charles II. gave him the Scottish title of Lord Rutherford and the governorship of Dunkirk, which had been acquired by the Protector Oliver Cromwell. When Charles II. sold the town to France in 1662 Rutherford was consoled by the command of the 2nd or Tangier regiment, was made earl of Teviot in the peerage of Scotland, and was sent in 1663 as governor to Tangier. His tenure of office was very short, for on the 4th of May 1664 he allowed himself to be entrapped into an ambush by the Moors, who carried on incessant irregular warfare against the English garrison, and was killed, together with nineteen officers and nearly five hundred men of his garrison.
See W. F. Lord, The Lost Possessions of England (London, 1896). http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/T…
language hat • Link
Teviot in Tangier:
"When Andrew Rutherford, Earl of Teviot, assumed the governorship, he immediately improved the defences. He realized that the key to Tangier lay in controlling the overlooking heights. During his governorship (1663—4) he built five forts and redoubts beyond the city walls, covered by the main artillery along the curtain... Under Peterborough's pusillanimous command (1662—4) the garrison allowed itself to be locked within the town following the defeat of Major Nathaniel Fiennes. A dynamic leadership was required and this was provided by Teviot until he overreached himself and was killed in 1664 when his reconnaissance party was cut off on Jew's Hill."
Incidentally, although the river which ultimately lies behind the name of the earldom is pronounced TEE-vyot, the earldom is pronounced TEV-i-ot.
language hat • Link
Source:
Sorry - that quote is from "The Restoration Army 1660-1672" by John Childs in The Oxford History of the British Army, edited by David Chandler and Ian F W Beckett.
Second Reading
Bill • Link
Andrew Rutherford, son of William Rutherford, of Quarry-holes, went young into the French service, and became a lieutenant-general of that kingdom. At the Restoration, he brought over an honourable testimony from the King of France, and was created a Baron of Scotland, and in 1663 advanced to the Earldom of Teviot, for his management of the sale of Dunkirk, of which he was Governor. He was afterwards appointed Governor of Tangier, and was killed by the Moors in 1664: dying without issue, his earldom became extinct; but the barony of Rutherford descended, according to the patent, to Sir Thomas Rutherford, of Hunthill.
---Diary and correspondence of Samuel Pepys, the diary deciphered by J. Smith. 1854.
Bill • Link
RUTHERFORD, ANDREW, first Earl Of Teviot (d. 1664), educated at Edinburgh; entered French service and attained rank of lieutenant-general; created Baron Rutherford, 1661, and Earl of Teviot, 1663; governor, 1663, of Tangier, where he was killed in sally against Moors.
---Dictionary of National Biography: Index and Epitome. S. Lee, 1906.