"... the Vice-Admiral to-day (who is as officious, poor man! as any spaniel can be; but I believe all to no purpose, for I believe he will not hold his place)."
Maybe the word "officious" had a different meaning to Pepys. Maybe he meant that Vice Adm. Lawson is conducting himself today as a Vice Adm. should, giving orders while being anxious to be of service to the General-at-Sea -- just as he has been up until now.
Pepys has seen the Captains with questionable allegances fired recently. He clearly thinks it's now Lawson's turn to take a hike. These mealtime chats with Montagu must have convinced him that Lawson was loyal enough to continue in Charles II's Navy.
"Thanks to God I got to bed in my own poor cabin, and slept well till 9 o’clock this morning. Mr. North and Dr. Clerke and all the great company being gone, I found myself very uncouth all this day for want thereof."
Imagine you are the P.A. to the General Manager of a remote hotel, and the Royal Family and a gang of film stars come for the weekend. Parties, celebrities, food, dogs, chaos, rumors, gambling, 24/7 -- and then they are gone.
Plus there had been some concern that not everyone on the beach at Dover were going to be friendly, and that didn't happen.
Yes, Pepys got to sleep late in his own cabin, but the letdown is clear. Plus there is relief -- and the Adrenaline Rush is over.
Marmaduke Darcy, always ‘Duke’ to his friends, served in the King’s army under his cousin Lord Belasyse [Baron John Belasyse of Worlaby] until the surrender of Newark [in June, 1645].
"Duke" Darcy was one of Charles II’s followers expelled from Scotland in 1650,
He lived peacefully in exile at Regensburg (AKA Ratisbon -- a Bavarian city on the Danube River in southeast Germany), until 1655.
Then, as ‘a gallant gentleman and nobly allied in the northern parts’, he was selected to lead a 1655 royalist rising in Yorkshire [Penruddock's Uprising]. Which failed.
"Duke" Darcy fled and joined the exiled Court, and was given the post of Gentleman Usher of the Privy Chamber to Charles II, which he retained for the rest of his life.
Marmaduke Darcy returned to England with Charles II at the Restoration,
Marmaduke Darcy was elected MP for Richmond on the family interest in 1665 [he was a younger brother of the 1st Earl of Holdernesse].
An inactive Member of the Cavalier Parliament, "Duke" Darcy MP was appointed to 19 committees at most, but only the committee of elections and privileges in 3 sessions and 2 private bill committees can be certainly assigned to him.
In consideration of his ‘services and sufferings’ "Duke" Darcy was given £1,050 in 1667, but a further £3,000 long remained unpaid.
As a court dependant, Marmaduke Darcy MP’s name appeared on both lists of the court party in 1669-71, and also in Flagellum Parliamentarium, although the author confused him with his brother James, the Master of the Royal Stud. [That has to do with horse breeding, folks.]
In 1672 Marmaduke Darcy MP succeeded Bullen Reymes MP as Surveyor of the Great Wardrobe, with a salary of £300 p.a.
Marmaduke Darcy MP was noted as one of the officials in the Commons in 1675, classed as ‘thrice vile’ by Anthony Ashley-Cooper, Earl of Shaftesbury, and listed as a government supporter by the Court in 1678.6
Although not blacklisted in the ‘unanimous club’, "Duke" Darcy MP was overwhelmingly defeated by Humphrey Wharton MP at the general election and never stood again,
Marmaduke Darcy MP presented the loyal address from Richmond in 1681 and succeeded the exclusionist Thomas Cradock MP as recorder under the new charter.
With strong support from James Butler, Duke of Ormonde, Darcy’s claims on the crown were settled in 1684 by the grant of £3,600 spread over 6 years.
Marmaduke Darcy MP died in his bed in Windsor Castle on 3 July 1687, and was buried in St. George’s chapel.
"Alchemy may be compared to the man who told his sons he had left them gold buried somewhere in his vineyard; where they by digging found no gold, but by turning up the mould about the roots of their vines, procured a plentiful vintage. So the search and endeavors to make gold have brought many useful inventions and instructive experiments to light." -- Francis Bacon (1561-1626)
Martin, changing clothes must have been difficult. Outfits were pinned, tied, buttoned and buckled together -- no zippers or discrete hooks and eyes. Getting everything tucked in at the back and lined up correctly took some doing.
For instance, ladies' sleeves were not attached to the bodice, so they could be changed for a different look or color scheme. (Don't know about men's sleeves.) https://www.seventeenthcentury.co…
‘A libertine both in principle and practice’ and a lover of display, he ran himself into debt, and a month after the House rose in March 1669, ‘the privilege being out, he dare not trust his creditors’.
William CavendIsh MP soon left for France, where he was involved, not discreditably, in a brawl with several drunken French officers.
When Parliament met again in the autumn he was listed by Sir Thomas Osborne among the Members who had usually voted for supply. He was appointed, for the first time for 8 years, to 2 important committees: one to receive information about seditious conventicles, and intervened in the debate on the impeachment of Roger Boyle, Earl of Orrery, no doubt with the aim of protecting his father-in-law, the Duke of Ormonde, from the threatened counter-attack. ... William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Devonshire died on 18 Aug. 1707, and was buried at All Saints, Derby. Bishop Gilbert Burnet’s description has already been quoted in part. After alluding to the defects of his character, Burnet credits Cavendish with ‘the courage of a hero, with a much greater proportion both of wit and learning than is usual in men of his birth’.
William Cavendish MP's Parliamentary bio is lengthy. I've only excepted the Diary years:
Lord Cavendish’s ancestor sat for Suffolk in 2 of Richard II’s Parliaments, but the architect of the family fortunes was Sir William Cavendish, treasurer of the chamber to Henry VIII, who acquired a vast estate in the North Midlands by his marriage to ‘Bess of Hardwick’.
Cavendish’s great-grandfather was created Earl of Devonshire in 1618. His father, a pupil of Hobbes, was impeached as a Royalist in 1642 and sat in the Oxford Parliament.
William Cavendish was 20 when he was nominated as the court candidate for Derbyshire at the general election of 1661, and returned after a contest.
In the first session of the Cavalier Parliament, Cavendish was appointed to 15 committees, including those for the corporations and uniformity bills, and the bill of pains and penalties; but he left no trace on the records of the next 4 sessions, although listed as a court dependant in 1664.
William Cavendish MP served as a volunteer on the fleet under the Duke of York during the second Anglo-Dutch war, giving the first proofs of the courage that was to stand him in good stead both in politics and private life.
He was appointed to the committee of elections and privileges in 1666, but achieved no prominence in the House until the fall of Chancellor Clarendon.
On 13 Dec. 1667 William Cavendish MP complained that the bill to banish Clarendon ‘enables him to spend the estate he has gotten by our ruins in another country’, and spoke well, in the judgment of John Milward MP.
He was sent to ask for the Lords’ concurrence in a proclamation calling on Clarendon to give himself up, and acted as teller against the banishment bill.
He was ordered on 23 Apr. 1668 to attend Charles II with the resolution of the House for the wearing of English manufactures. In the same session he acted as teller for a motion to appropriate supply to the use of the navy, the first of many such measures which he supported.
William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Devonshire, (1640 — 1707), a leader of the parliamentary movement that sought to exclude the Roman Catholic James, duke of York (afterward James II), from succession to the British throne, and later invited the invasion of William III, Prince of Orange.
Cavendish was the eldest son of the 3rd Earl of Devonshire (he succeeded to the title in 1684).
On his return from a youthful grand tour of Europe, in 1661, he took a seat in Parliament and soon became conspicuous as one of the most determined opponents of the general policy of the court of Charles II.
In 1679 he was made a privy councillor by Charles II, but he soon withdrew from the board with his friend Lord William Russell (afterward 1st duke of Bedford) when he found that the Roman Catholic interest uniformly prevailed.
William Cavendish MP carried up to the House of Lords the articles of impeachment against Lord Chief Justice Scroggs, for his arbitrary proceedings in the Court of King’s Bench; and, when Charles II declared his resolution not to sign the bill for excluding the duke of York from the succession, Cavendish moved in the House of Commons that a bill might be brought in for the association of all his majesty’s Protestant subjects.
Cavendish appeared in defense of Lord Russell at the latter’s trial and, after Russell’s condemnation, offered to exchange clothes with him in the prison, remain in his place, and so allow him to effect his escape.
Cavendish opposed the government under James II and, for quarreling at court, was fined and briefly imprisoned.
The Glorious Revolution (1688–89) again brought William Cavendish, now 4th Earl of Devonshire, into prominence. He was one of the "seven immortals" who signed the original paper inviting William III of Orange to England and was made lord high steward of the new court.
William Cavendish, 4th Earl of Devonshire, was elevated to Marquis of Hartington and the duke of Devonshire on the same day in 1694 by William III and Mary II -- the same day the head of the house of Russell was created duke of Bedford.
William Cavendish, Duke of Devonshire's last public service was assisting to conclude the union of England and Scotland (1707). He was also one of the original investors in the Bank of England.
Building continued sporadically under Henry III into the middle of the 13th century. By this time Diver Castle had reached its peak of development, as one of the largest and most sophisticated castles in Europe. It included a royal residential complex lining the walls of the inner bailey.
In 1265 Dover Castle was besieged again, with Eleanor de Montfort in residence. After the death of her husband at the Battle of Evesham during the Second Barons’ War (1264–7), there was a short siege at Dover, ended by negotiation with Eleanor and her nephew, the Lord Edward (son of Henry III).
From the 1260s the constable of Diver Castle was also Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, a royal officer charged with oversight of the semi-independent Cinque Ports, to ensure their service to the Crown. This is one factor which ensured that Dover remained of importance in the medieval period.
We have only scant knowledge of the castle in the later Middle Ages, until the reign of Edward IV (r.1461–83), when the great tower was remodelled as an occasional residence. This reflected Dover Castle’s location on the route to Flanders, which was ruled by the Duke of Burgundy, an important ally.
Dover Castle remained important under the Tudors, especially after Henry VIII (r.1509–47) built artillery forts in Dover and along the south-east coast in 1539–40. The Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, came to the castle in 1522 and met Henry there, at the start of a 6-week diplomatic visit.
The great tower’s royal apartments were next refurbished to receive Anne of Cleves on her way to marry Henry VIII in 1539.
Queen Elizabeth (r.1557–1603) visited in 1573 and ensured Dover Castle was kept in good repair during the war with Spain in the final two decades of 16th century.
Royalty last used the castle in 1625, when the great tower received a makeover for the French princess Henrietta Maria, on her way to marry King Charles. Thereafter the king’s favourite, the 1st Duke of Buckingham, made alterations in the great tower and to some buildings in the inner bailey.
Afterwards Dover Castle was neglected, playing no significant role during the Civil Wars of 1642–5.
The great tower was used as a prison for French and Spanish prisoners during the Nine Years War (1688–97) and the War of Spanish Succession (1701–14), and their graffiti can be seen on its walls. https://www.english-heritage.org.…
In 1066, William the Conqueror came to Dover after the Battle of Hastings to capture the port. He established a fortification, possibly around the church, but there are no surviving remains.
The castle was extended in the 12th century, although we know nothing of its appearance before the great rebuilding of the 1180s.
The Dover Castle visible today was established by Henry II (r.1154–89), in the decade 1179–89. He spent lavishly, creating at Dover the most advanced castle design in Europe. His engineer, Maurice, built the inner bailey and towers, part of the outer bailey and a huge centrepiece – the immense great tower, a sophisticated building that combined defence with a palatial residence.
One important reason for this rebuilding may have been the new pilgrimage route to Thomas Becket’s shrine in Canterbury. With no substantial properties in Kent, Henry II needed a magnificent and impressive setting in which to receive and accommodate important visitors making the journey.
In 1204, King John (r.1199–1216) lost the Duchy of Normandy to the French king, Philip II (r.1180–1223), resulting in enemy territory just across the Channel. This prompted more expenditure at Dover, furthering the design of Henry II in the outer wall and towers, and royal accommodation in the inner bailey.
This was the castle that resisted determined sieges in 1216 and 1217 during the First Barons’ War (1215–17), when King John fought against a coalition of English barons and Prince Louis, heir to the French throne. The castle garrison, led by Hubert de Burgh, repulsed all attempts to take the castle, though the barbican and main gate at the northern end were severely damaged.
When war ended in 1217, building resumed for Henry III (r.1216–72). The vulnerable north gate was blocked solid and replaced by two more: the main one at Constable’s Gate on the west side, also a residence for the castle constable, and a secondary one, Fitzwilliam Gate, on the east.
The builders remade the barbican and cut a tunnel under the outer wall to reach it, via the new St John’s Tower that dominated the outer ditch, and a covered passage across it. The passage continued as a tunnel under the Spur, where it divided into three, allowing defenders to defend the barbican.
L&M: John Lindsay, 1st Earl of Lindsay and 17th Earl of Crawford, and a zealous Covenanter, was released from Windsor Castle on March 3, 1660, from imprisonment for royalism; he was soon appointed Lord Treasurer of Scotland. Lindsay is the leader of a group of Scottish politicians on their way of Breda. -- J. Nicholls, Diary, 1863, p.285 and http://bcw-project.org/biography/…
The Guildhall Great Hall is England’s third largest civic hall, and was constructed in 1411, making it over 600 years old. Having survived both the Great Fire of London and the Blitz, it is the only secular stone structure dating from before 1666 still standing in the City.
It has been the setting for famous state trials, including that of Lady Jane Grey in 1553. The imposing medieval hall has stained glass windows and several monuments to national heroes including Adm. Lord Nelson, the Duke of Wellington and Sir Winston Churchill.
Prior to Covid, the ancient Guildhall in the City of London was open to wander in for a look around, but although that’s no longer possible, the monthly guided tours are the next best thing. Tours start promptly at 11.00 am and last about an hour.
The tours take place monthly on the day of the Common Council meeting – for 2023, the dates are:
27th April 25th May 22nd June 20th July 7th September 12th October 7th December
After the tour, you can go into the Common Council meeting and watch city democracy in action.
After dinner, Charles II and James christened the ships and changed the names of the Naseby, Richard, Speaker and Dunbar respectively to the Royal Charles, Mary, James and Henry. (Text source: The Travels of the King Charles II in Germany and Flanders 1654-1660 by Eva Scott).
Around midday, James left for the London and Henry went to the Swiftsure, while Charles II stepped onto the deck of the Royal Charles.
Later the king stood on the quarterdeck, recounting his escape from Worcester and for the first time told the true story of his adventures, which he had faithfully kept secret until then.
Late in the afternoon he went aft to look at the beach and then the time came to send off the guests. Charles II said farewell to his aunt and cousin, but his sister Henriette Anne “Minette” clung to him in such a violent fit of crying he could hardly find the heart to say goodbye to her. When the anchor was lifted, they had to tear them apart and the fleet set sail.
Two hours later the ships were out of sight of the coast of Scheveningen.
Charles II departed from the shore of Scheveningen for England on June 2, 1660 [May 23].
According to this account, 10 artists made 50 paintings, drawings, etches and medals of that day, and a crowd of 50,000 people gathered in the dunes and on the beach to see him leave. It’s quite something -- so many images being created of one event on one day in the 17th century.
Some images are shown on this website, along with text in Dutch, and I see no way to make Google Translate help! https://www.scheveningentoenennu.… Later Delft blue tiles and plates, and murals were also made showing scenes from Scheveningen.
Charles II departure from Scheveningen beach was documented by at least Pieter van Abeele, Cornelis Beelt, John Bishop, Pieter Bout, Johannes Lingelbach, Hendrick de Meijer, Peter Schut, Willem van de Velde the Younger, Adriaen van de Venne and some unknown painters, artists and engravers.
At 2 o'clock in the morning of June 2/May 22 drums sounded in The Hague to summons the soldiers and civilians. Charles II rose early to meet with the States General of Holland to thank them for their hospitality and formally say Goodbye.
That 50,000 people had spent that night in the dunes of Scheveningen is astounding. Consider that in 1660: approx. 23,000 people lived in Delft; approx. 25 000 people lived at The Hague; about 66 000 people lived in Leiden and Amsterdam totaling about 180,000 people. (Source: The Dutch Republic, Jonathan I. Israel).
In the crowd were many refugees from England who had fled during the civil wars and the interregnum.
Charles II, the royal family and the foreign ambassadors proceeded through the crowd, and they were followed by another huge crowd. They all nearly suffocated from the smoke of the Naval gun which fired salutes when the family arrived on the beach. (Text source: The Travels of the King Charles II in Germany and Flanders 1654-1660 by Eva Scott).
Charles II again said goodbye to the States General. Next he greeted Montagu with a kiss and got into his boat with his sister, nephew, and aunt the Queen of Bohemia, and the Royal Standard was raised. With the joyful cries of the sailors, holding their hats and doublets, in the heat of excitement many threw their hats into the sea. (Text source: The Travels of the King Charles II in Germany and Flanders 1654-1660 by Eva Scott).
Around 11 am, the party boarded the Naseby, now decked out with silk flags, the decks colored scarlet, which had well-equipped cabins.
The English coast came into view the second night. Charles II, James and Henry decided they wanted to eat the ship's rations of peas, cooked pork and beef before they went ashore.
Charles II then gave to the crew 500/.s and to the servants of Montagu 50/.s. Around 12 o'clock he stepped into the Admiral’s flat tree boat and was rowed with his two brothers to Dover. (Text source: The Travels of the King Charles II in Germany and Flanders 1654-1660 by Eva Scott).
Many artists were in the crowds on the beach and in small boats bobbing around the British ships on that special day. Amongst them were two Dutch painters named Van de Veldes Snr. and Jnr.: ‘Never had more people been seen together in Holland,’ said a contemporary – to witness Charles II’s embarkation to England after 9 years in exile.
Although technically the Third Anglo-Dutch War is considered a draw, England was better able to withstand the economic chaos it created. Charles II therefore invited the Van de Veldes to leave their homes in Amsterdam, live and work for him in London, and set them up at the Queen's House, Greenwich. James II continued their employment. Curiously it was another Dutchman, William III, who told Jnr. he needed to find other sponsors.
Their sketches, paintings and tapestries of this day and of the 1672 Battle of Solebay are included in the current exhibition of their works at Greenwich: https://www.apollo-magazine.com/m…
I find it hard to believe Pepys never mentions Speaker Onslow, but Richard and his son, Arthur Onslow were also residents of Guildford, and elected to represent the city right after the Restoration, so they would be colleagues in local concerns like the Wey navigation bill. http://www.historyofparliamentonl… https://www.historyofparliamenton…
In the spring session of 1675, Dalmahoy was appointed to the committee to consider an alleged assault by Lauderdale’s servants on a witness, and reminded the House: “the Duke of Lauderdale has been banished and imprisoned by the late usurped powers from 1648 till the King’s Restoration; and hopes he deserves not such severity.”
In the same session Thomas Dalmahoy MP became involved in a case in the House of Lords concerning his first wife’s mother (Lady Elizabeth Maxwell Dalmahoy's mother, the Countess of Dirletoun), although only as a legatee. The 4 lawyers who had appeared for the appellant were sent to the Tower, and it was moved that Dalmahoy should join them for betraying the privileges of the Commons; he protested he had neither directly nor indirectly applied to the Lords, or owned their power, and the motion was rejected.
Thomas Dalmahoy MP was named on the working lists and included among the government supporters, while Anthony Ashley-Cooper, Earl of Shaftesbury in 1677 marked him ‘doubly vile’.
In "A Seasonable Argument" Dalmahoy was described as ‘a Scotch serving-man’ and ‘a creature of Lauderdale’s’.
When complaint was made of Scots regiments in the French army, Thomas Dalmahoy MP pointed out that there were 3 times as many in the Dutch service.
Thomas Dalmahoy MP as teller for the adjournment in order to avoid a debate on Lauderdale. His name appeared on both lists of the court party for this year.
Thomas Dalmahoy MP stood for re-election on the Guildford corporation interest at the first general election of 1679, and defeated the republican Algernon Sidney, despite energetic canvassing by the Quakers.
Shaftesbury marked him ‘vile’ and Dalmahoy voted against exclusion. His only committees in the first Exclusion Parliament were to inquire into the decay of the woolen manufactures and the abuses of the post office. his only recorded speech, he again defended Lauderdale: “No man in his station has defeated the designs of the Papists more than the Duke. When 10,000 or 12,000 were up in rebellion in Scotland, all at a time, did not the Duke show himself a good subject? ... I never saw the French Ambassador with him, and I frequent his house.”
As one of the ‘unanimous club’ Dalmahoy did not stand again, and sold his Guildford property in 1681.
Thomas Dalmahoy MP died on 24 May 1682, and was buried at St. Martin in the Fields. No other member of the Dalmahoy family sat in Parliament, either north or south of the border. Extracts from https://www.historyofparliamenton…
Comments
Third Reading
About Saturday 26 May 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
"... afterwards a messenger from the King came with a letter, and to go into France, ..."
I guess that's Charles' letter to Minette. How charming. Charles has a Navy, so he's using it. Dash the expense!
About Saturday 26 May 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
"... the Vice-Admiral to-day (who is as officious, poor man! as any spaniel can be; but I believe all to no purpose, for I believe he will not hold his place)."
Maybe the word "officious" had a different meaning to Pepys. Maybe he meant that Vice Adm. Lawson is conducting himself today as a Vice Adm. should, giving orders while being anxious to be of service to the General-at-Sea -- just as he has been up until now.
Pepys has seen the Captains with questionable allegances fired recently. He clearly thinks it's now Lawson's turn to take a hike. These mealtime chats with Montagu must have convinced him that Lawson was loyal enough to continue in Charles II's Navy.
About Saturday 26 May 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
"Thanks to God I got to bed in my own poor cabin, and slept well till 9 o’clock this morning. Mr. North and Dr. Clerke and all the great company being gone, I found myself very uncouth all this day for want thereof."
Imagine you are the P.A. to the General Manager of a remote hotel, and the Royal Family and a gang of film stars come for the weekend. Parties, celebrities, food, dogs, chaos, rumors, gambling, 24/7 -- and then they are gone.
Plus there had been some concern that not everyone on the beach at Dover were going to be friendly, and that didn't happen.
Yes, Pepys got to sleep late in his own cabin, but the letdown is clear. Plus there is relief -- and the Adrenaline Rush is over.
About Marmaduke Darcy
San Diego Sarah • Link
Marmaduke Darcy, always ‘Duke’ to his friends, served in the King’s army under his cousin Lord Belasyse [Baron John Belasyse of Worlaby] until the surrender of Newark [in June, 1645].
"Duke" Darcy was one of Charles II’s followers expelled from Scotland in 1650,
He lived peacefully in exile at Regensburg (AKA Ratisbon -- a Bavarian city on the Danube River in southeast Germany), until 1655.
Then, as ‘a gallant gentleman and nobly allied in the northern parts’, he was selected to lead a 1655 royalist rising in Yorkshire [Penruddock's Uprising]. Which failed.
"Duke" Darcy fled and joined the exiled Court, and was given the post of Gentleman Usher of the Privy Chamber to Charles II, which he retained for the rest of his life.
Marmaduke Darcy returned to England with Charles II at the Restoration,
Marmaduke Darcy was elected MP for Richmond on the family interest in 1665 [he was a younger brother of the 1st Earl of Holdernesse].
An inactive Member of the Cavalier Parliament, "Duke" Darcy MP was appointed to 19 committees at most, but only the committee of elections and privileges in 3 sessions and 2 private bill committees can be certainly assigned to him.
In consideration of his ‘services and sufferings’ "Duke" Darcy was given £1,050 in 1667, but a further £3,000 long remained unpaid.
As a court dependant, Marmaduke Darcy MP’s name appeared on both lists of the court party in 1669-71, and also in Flagellum Parliamentarium, although the author confused him with his brother James, the Master of the Royal Stud. [That has to do with horse breeding, folks.]
In 1672 Marmaduke Darcy MP succeeded Bullen Reymes MP as Surveyor of the Great Wardrobe, with a salary of £300 p.a.
Marmaduke Darcy MP was noted as one of the officials in the Commons in 1675, classed as ‘thrice vile’ by Anthony Ashley-Cooper, Earl of Shaftesbury, and listed as a government supporter by the Court in 1678.6
Although not blacklisted in the ‘unanimous club’, "Duke" Darcy MP was overwhelmingly defeated by Humphrey Wharton MP at the general election and never stood again,
Marmaduke Darcy MP presented the loyal address from Richmond in 1681 and succeeded the exclusionist Thomas Cradock MP as recorder under the new charter.
With strong support from James Butler, Duke of Ormonde, Darcy’s claims on the crown were settled in 1684 by the grant of £3,600 spread over 6 years.
Marmaduke Darcy MP died in his bed in Windsor Castle on 3 July 1687, and was buried in St. George’s chapel.
https://www.historyofparliamenton…
About John Evelyn
San Diego Sarah • Link
"Alchemy may be compared to the man who told his sons he had left them gold buried somewhere in his vineyard; where they by digging found no gold, but by turning up the mould about the roots of their vines, procured a plentiful vintage. So the search and endeavors to make gold have brought many useful inventions and instructive experiments to light." -- Francis Bacon (1561-1626)
About Tuesday 17 April 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
Martin, changing clothes must have been difficult. Outfits were pinned, tied, buttoned and buckled together -- no zippers or discrete hooks and eyes. Getting everything tucked in at the back and lined up correctly took some doing.
For instance, ladies' sleeves were not attached to the bodice, so they could be changed for a different look or color scheme. (Don't know about men's sleeves.)
https://www.seventeenthcentury.co…
About William Cavendish (4th Earl and 1st Duke of Devonshire)
San Diego Sarah • Link
CONT.
‘A libertine both in principle and practice’ and a lover of display, he ran himself into debt, and a month after the House rose in March 1669, ‘the privilege being out, he dare not trust his creditors’.
William CavendIsh MP soon left for France, where he was involved, not discreditably, in a brawl with several drunken French officers.
When Parliament met again in the autumn he was listed by Sir Thomas Osborne among the Members who had usually voted for supply. He was appointed, for the first time for 8 years, to 2 important committees: one to receive information about seditious conventicles, and intervened in the debate on the impeachment of Roger Boyle, Earl of Orrery, no doubt with the aim of protecting his father-in-law, the Duke of Ormonde, from the threatened counter-attack.
...
William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Devonshire died on 18 Aug. 1707, and was buried at All Saints, Derby.
Bishop Gilbert Burnet’s description has already been quoted in part.
After alluding to the defects of his character, Burnet credits Cavendish with ‘the courage of a hero, with a much greater proportion both of wit and learning than is usual in men of his birth’.
https://www.historyofparliamenton…
About William Cavendish (4th Earl and 1st Duke of Devonshire)
San Diego Sarah • Link
William Cavendish MP's Parliamentary bio is lengthy. I've only excepted the Diary years:
Lord Cavendish’s ancestor sat for Suffolk in 2 of Richard II’s Parliaments, but the architect of the family fortunes was Sir William Cavendish, treasurer of the chamber to Henry VIII, who acquired a vast estate in the North Midlands by his marriage to ‘Bess of Hardwick’.
Cavendish’s great-grandfather was created Earl of Devonshire in 1618.
His father, a pupil of Hobbes, was impeached as a Royalist in 1642 and sat in the Oxford Parliament.
William Cavendish was 20 when he was nominated as the court candidate for Derbyshire at the general election of 1661, and returned after a contest.
In the first session of the Cavalier Parliament, Cavendish was appointed to 15 committees, including those for the corporations and uniformity bills, and the bill of pains and penalties; but he left no trace on the records of the next 4 sessions, although listed as a court dependant in 1664.
William Cavendish MP served as a volunteer on the fleet under the Duke of York during the second Anglo-Dutch war, giving the first proofs of the courage that was to stand him in good stead both in politics and private life.
He was appointed to the committee of elections and privileges in 1666, but achieved no prominence in the House until the fall of Chancellor Clarendon.
On 13 Dec. 1667 William Cavendish MP complained that the bill to banish Clarendon ‘enables him to spend the estate he has gotten by our ruins in another country’, and spoke well, in the judgment of John Milward MP.
He was sent to ask for the Lords’ concurrence in a proclamation calling on Clarendon to give himself up, and acted as teller against the banishment bill.
He was ordered on 23 Apr. 1668 to attend Charles II with the resolution of the House for the wearing of English manufactures.
In the same session he acted as teller for a motion to appropriate supply to the use of the navy, the first of many such measures which he supported.
About William Cavendish (4th Earl and 1st Duke of Devonshire)
San Diego Sarah • Link
William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Devonshire, (1640 — 1707), a leader of the parliamentary movement that sought to exclude the Roman Catholic James, duke of York (afterward James II), from succession to the British throne, and later invited the invasion of William III, Prince of Orange.
Cavendish was the eldest son of the 3rd Earl of Devonshire (he succeeded to the title in 1684).
On his return from a youthful grand tour of Europe, in 1661, he took a seat in Parliament and soon became conspicuous as one of the most determined opponents of the general policy of the court of Charles II.
In 1679 he was made a privy councillor by Charles II, but he soon withdrew from the board with his friend Lord William Russell (afterward 1st duke of Bedford) when he found that the Roman Catholic interest uniformly prevailed.
William Cavendish MP carried up to the House of Lords the articles of impeachment against Lord Chief Justice Scroggs, for his arbitrary proceedings in the Court of King’s Bench; and, when Charles II declared his resolution not to sign the bill for excluding the duke of York from the succession, Cavendish moved in the House of Commons that a bill might be brought in for the association of all his majesty’s Protestant subjects.
Cavendish appeared in defense of Lord Russell at the latter’s trial and, after Russell’s condemnation, offered to exchange clothes with him in the prison, remain in his place, and so allow him to effect his escape.
Cavendish opposed the government under James II and, for quarreling at court, was fined and briefly imprisoned.
The Glorious Revolution (1688–89) again brought William Cavendish, now 4th Earl of Devonshire, into prominence. He was one of the "seven immortals" who signed the original paper inviting William III of Orange to England and was made lord high steward of the new court.
William Cavendish, 4th Earl of Devonshire, was elevated to Marquis of Hartington and the duke of Devonshire on the same day in 1694 by William III and Mary II -- the same day the head of the house of Russell was created duke of Bedford.
William Cavendish, Duke of Devonshire's last public service was assisting to conclude the union of England and Scotland (1707). He was also one of the original investors in the Bank of England.
He was married to Mary Butler, daughter of James Butler, Duke of Ormonde. They had 4 children.
https://www.britannica.com/facts/…
About Dover Castle, Kent
San Diego Sarah • Link
In May 1660 the Governor of Dover Castle was Heneage Finch, 2nd Earl of Winchelsea,
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
About Dover Castle, Kent
San Diego Sarah • Link
CONT.
Building continued sporadically under Henry III into the middle of the 13th century. By this time Diver Castle had reached its peak of development, as one of the largest and most sophisticated castles in Europe. It included a royal residential complex lining the walls of the inner bailey.
In 1265 Dover Castle was besieged again, with Eleanor de Montfort in residence. After the death of her husband at the Battle of Evesham during the Second Barons’ War (1264–7), there was a short siege at Dover, ended by negotiation with Eleanor and her nephew, the Lord Edward (son of Henry III).
From the 1260s the constable of Diver Castle was also Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, a royal officer charged with oversight of the semi-independent Cinque Ports, to ensure their service to the Crown. This is one factor which ensured that Dover remained of importance in the medieval period.
We have only scant knowledge of the castle in the later Middle Ages, until the reign of Edward IV (r.1461–83), when the great tower was remodelled as an occasional residence. This reflected Dover Castle’s location on the route to Flanders, which was ruled by the Duke of Burgundy, an important ally.
Dover Castle remained important under the Tudors, especially after Henry VIII (r.1509–47) built artillery forts in Dover and along the south-east coast in 1539–40. The Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, came to the castle in 1522 and met Henry there, at the start of a 6-week diplomatic visit.
The great tower’s royal apartments were next refurbished to receive Anne of Cleves on her way to marry Henry VIII in 1539.
Queen Elizabeth (r.1557–1603) visited in 1573 and ensured Dover Castle was kept in good repair during the war with Spain in the final two decades of 16th century.
Royalty last used the castle in 1625, when the great tower received a makeover for the French princess Henrietta Maria, on her way to marry King Charles. Thereafter the king’s favourite, the 1st Duke of Buckingham, made alterations in the great tower and to some buildings in the inner bailey.
Afterwards Dover Castle was neglected, playing no significant role during the Civil Wars of 1642–5.
The great tower was used as a prison for French and Spanish prisoners during the Nine Years War (1688–97) and the War of Spanish Succession (1701–14), and their graffiti can be seen on its walls.
https://www.english-heritage.org.…
About Dover Castle, Kent
San Diego Sarah • Link
In 1066, William the Conqueror came to Dover after the Battle of Hastings to capture the port. He established a fortification, possibly around the church, but there are no surviving remains.
The castle was extended in the 12th century, although we know nothing of its appearance before the great rebuilding of the 1180s.
The Dover Castle visible today was established by Henry II (r.1154–89), in the decade 1179–89. He spent lavishly, creating at Dover the most advanced castle design in Europe. His engineer, Maurice, built the inner bailey and towers, part of the outer bailey and a huge centrepiece – the immense great tower, a sophisticated building that combined defence with a palatial residence.
One important reason for this rebuilding may have been the new pilgrimage route to Thomas Becket’s shrine in Canterbury. With no substantial properties in Kent, Henry II needed a magnificent and impressive setting in which to receive and accommodate important visitors making the journey.
In 1204, King John (r.1199–1216) lost the Duchy of Normandy to the French king, Philip II (r.1180–1223), resulting in enemy territory just across the Channel. This prompted more expenditure at Dover, furthering the design of Henry II in the outer wall and towers, and royal accommodation in the inner bailey.
This was the castle that resisted determined sieges in 1216 and 1217 during the First Barons’ War (1215–17), when King John fought against a coalition of English barons and Prince Louis, heir to the French throne. The castle garrison, led by Hubert de Burgh, repulsed all attempts to take the castle, though the barbican and main gate at the northern end were severely damaged.
When war ended in 1217, building resumed for Henry III (r.1216–72). The vulnerable north gate was blocked solid and replaced by two more: the main one at Constable’s Gate on the west side, also a residence for the castle constable, and a secondary one, Fitzwilliam Gate, on the east.
The builders remade the barbican and cut a tunnel under the outer wall to reach it, via the new St John’s Tower that dominated the outer ditch, and a covered passage across it. The passage continued as a tunnel under the Spur, where it divided into three, allowing defenders to defend the barbican.
About Friday 11 May 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
L&M: John Lindsay, 1st Earl of Lindsay and 17th Earl of Crawford, and a zealous Covenanter, was released from Windsor Castle on March 3, 1660, from imprisonment for royalism; he was soon appointed Lord Treasurer of Scotland. Lindsay is the leader of a group of Scottish politicians on their way of Breda. -- J. Nicholls, Diary, 1863, p.285
and http://bcw-project.org/biography/…
About Guildhall
San Diego Sarah • Link
The Guildhall Great Hall is England’s third largest civic hall, and was constructed in 1411, making it over 600 years old. Having survived both the Great Fire of London and the Blitz, it is the only secular stone structure dating from before 1666 still standing in the City.
It has been the setting for famous state trials, including that of Lady Jane Grey in 1553. The imposing medieval hall has stained glass windows and several monuments to national heroes including Adm. Lord Nelson, the Duke of Wellington and Sir Winston Churchill.
Prior to Covid, the ancient Guildhall in the City of London was open to wander in for a look around, but although that’s no longer possible, the monthly guided tours are the next best thing. Tours start promptly at 11.00 am and last about an hour.
The tours take place monthly on the day of the Common Council meeting – for 2023, the dates are:
27th April
25th May
22nd June
20th July
7th September
12th October
7th December
After the tour, you can go into the Common Council meeting and watch city democracy in action.
The tours cost £10 and need to be booked in advance from here:
https://www.cityoflondonguides.co…
The website has more pictures and info on other London walking tours.
About Tuesday 22 May 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
CONT.
After dinner, Charles II and James christened the ships and changed the names of the Naseby, Richard, Speaker and Dunbar respectively to the Royal Charles, Mary, James and Henry. (Text source: The Travels of the King Charles II in Germany and Flanders 1654-1660 by Eva Scott).
Around midday, James left for the London and Henry went to the Swiftsure, while Charles II stepped onto the deck of the Royal Charles.
Later the king stood on the quarterdeck, recounting his escape from Worcester and for the first time told the true story of his adventures, which he had faithfully kept secret until then.
Late in the afternoon he went aft to look at the beach and then the time came to send off the guests. Charles II said farewell to his aunt and cousin, but his sister Henriette Anne “Minette” clung to him in such a violent fit of crying he could hardly find the heart to say goodbye to her. When the anchor was lifted, they had to tear them apart and the fleet set sail.
Two hours later the ships were out of sight of the coast of Scheveningen.
http://intheboatshed.net/2015/03/…
About Tuesday 22 May 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
Charles II departed from the shore of Scheveningen for England on June 2, 1660 [May 23].
According to this account, 10 artists made 50 paintings, drawings, etches and medals of that day, and a crowd of 50,000 people gathered in the dunes and on the beach to see him leave.
It’s quite something -- so many images being created of one event on one day in the 17th century.
Some images are shown on this website, along with text in Dutch, and I see no way to make Google Translate help!
https://www.scheveningentoenennu.…
Later Delft blue tiles and plates, and murals were also made showing scenes from Scheveningen.
Charles II departure from Scheveningen beach was documented by at least Pieter van Abeele, Cornelis Beelt, John Bishop, Pieter Bout, Johannes Lingelbach, Hendrick de Meijer, Peter Schut, Willem van de Velde the Younger, Adriaen van de Venne and some unknown painters, artists and engravers.
At 2 o'clock in the morning of June 2/May 22 drums sounded in The Hague to summons the soldiers and civilians. Charles II rose early to meet with the States General of Holland to thank them for their hospitality and formally say Goodbye.
That 50,000 people had spent that night in the dunes of Scheveningen is astounding. Consider that in 1660:
approx. 23,000 people lived in Delft;
approx. 25 000 people lived at The Hague;
about 66 000 people lived in Leiden and Amsterdam totaling about 180,000 people. (Source: The Dutch Republic, Jonathan I. Israel).
In the crowd were many refugees from England who had fled during the civil wars and the interregnum.
Charles II, the royal family and the foreign ambassadors proceeded through the crowd, and they were followed by another huge crowd. They all nearly suffocated from the smoke of the Naval gun which fired salutes when the family arrived on the beach. (Text source: The Travels of the King Charles II in Germany and Flanders 1654-1660 by Eva Scott).
Charles II again said goodbye to the States General. Next he greeted Montagu with a kiss and got into his boat with his sister, nephew, and aunt the Queen of Bohemia, and the Royal Standard was raised.
With the joyful cries of the sailors, holding their hats and doublets, in the heat of excitement many threw their hats into the sea. (Text source: The Travels of the King Charles II in Germany and Flanders 1654-1660 by Eva Scott).
Around 11 am, the party boarded the Naseby, now decked out with silk flags, the decks colored scarlet, which had well-equipped cabins.
About Friday 25 May 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
CONTINUED FROM THE 23rd:
The English coast came into view the second night. Charles II, James and Henry decided they wanted to eat the ship's rations of peas, cooked pork and beef before they went ashore.
Charles II then gave to the crew 500/.s and to the servants of Montagu 50/.s. Around 12 o'clock he stepped into the Admiral’s flat tree boat and was rowed with his two brothers to Dover.
(Text source: The Travels of the King Charles II in Germany and Flanders 1654-1660 by Eva Scott).
http://intheboatshed.net/2015/03/…
About Tuesday 22 May 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
Many artists were in the crowds on the beach and in small boats bobbing around the British ships on that special day. Amongst them were two Dutch painters named Van de Veldes Snr. and Jnr.: ‘Never had more people been seen together in Holland,’ said a contemporary – to witness Charles II’s embarkation to England after 9 years in exile.
Although technically the Third Anglo-Dutch War is considered a draw, England was better able to withstand the economic chaos it created. Charles II therefore invited the Van de Veldes to leave their homes in Amsterdam, live and work for him in London, and set them up at the Queen's House, Greenwich. James II continued their employment. Curiously it was another Dutchman, William III, who told Jnr. he needed to find other sponsors.
Their sketches, paintings and tapestries of this day and of the 1672 Battle of Solebay are included in the current exhibition of their works at Greenwich:
https://www.apollo-magazine.com/m…
About Thomas Dalmahoy
San Diego Sarah • Link
A digest of Wheatley’s bio of Thomas Dalmahoy MP is at
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
I find it hard to believe Pepys never mentions Speaker Onslow, but Richard and his son, Arthur Onslow were also residents of Guildford, and elected to represent the city right after the Restoration, so they would be colleagues in local concerns like the Wey navigation bill.
http://www.historyofparliamentonl…
https://www.historyofparliamenton…
About Thomas Dalmahoy
San Diego Sarah • Link
PART 2
In the spring session of 1675, Dalmahoy was appointed to the committee to consider an alleged assault by Lauderdale’s servants on a witness, and reminded the House:
“the Duke of Lauderdale has been banished and imprisoned by the late usurped powers from 1648 till the King’s Restoration; and hopes he deserves not such severity.”
In the same session Thomas Dalmahoy MP became involved in a case in the House of Lords concerning his first wife’s mother (Lady Elizabeth Maxwell Dalmahoy's mother, the Countess of Dirletoun), although only as a legatee. The 4 lawyers who had appeared for the appellant were sent to the Tower, and it was moved that Dalmahoy should join them for betraying the privileges of the Commons; he protested he had neither directly nor indirectly applied to the Lords, or owned their power, and the motion was rejected.
Thomas Dalmahoy MP was named on the working lists and included among the government supporters, while Anthony Ashley-Cooper, Earl of Shaftesbury in 1677 marked him ‘doubly vile’.
In "A Seasonable Argument" Dalmahoy was described as ‘a Scotch serving-man’ and ‘a creature of Lauderdale’s’.
When complaint was made of Scots regiments in the French army, Thomas Dalmahoy MP pointed out that there were 3 times as many in the Dutch service.
Thomas Dalmahoy MP as teller for the adjournment in order to avoid a debate on Lauderdale. His name appeared on both lists of the court party for this year.
Thomas Dalmahoy MP stood for re-election on the Guildford corporation interest at the first general election of 1679, and defeated the republican Algernon Sidney, despite energetic canvassing by the Quakers.
Shaftesbury marked him ‘vile’ and Dalmahoy voted against exclusion. His only committees in the first Exclusion Parliament were to inquire into the decay of the woolen manufactures and the abuses of the post office.
his only recorded speech, he again defended Lauderdale: “No man in his station has defeated the designs of the Papists more than the Duke. When 10,000 or 12,000 were up in rebellion in Scotland, all at a time, did not the Duke show himself a good subject? ... I never saw the French Ambassador with him, and I frequent his house.”
As one of the ‘unanimous club’ Dalmahoy did not stand again, and sold his Guildford property in 1681.
Thomas Dalmahoy MP died on 24 May 1682, and was buried at St. Martin in the Fields.
No other member of the Dalmahoy family sat in Parliament, either north or south of the border.
Extracts from https://www.historyofparliamenton…