Wednesday 13 November 1661
By appointment, we all went this morning to wait upon the Duke of York, which we did in his chamber, as he was dressing himself in his riding suit to go this day by sea to the Downs. He is in mourning for his wife’s grandmother, which is thought a great piece of fondness.1 After we had given him our letter relating the bad condition of the Navy for want of money, he referred it to his coming back and so parted, and I to Whitehall and to see la belle Pierce, and so on foot to my Lord Crew’s, where I found him come to his new house, which is next to that he lived in last; here I was well received by my Lord and Sir Thomas, with whom I had great talk: and he tells me in good earnest that he do believe the Parliament (which comes to sit again the next week), will be troublesome to the Court and Clergy, which God forbid! But they see things carried so by my Lord Chancellor and some others, that get money themselves, that they will not endure it. From thence to the Theatre, and there saw “Father’s own Son” again, and so it raining very hard I went home by coach, with my mind very heavy for this my expensefull life, which will undo me, I fear, after all my hopes, if I do not take up, for now I am coming to lay out a great deal of money in clothes for my wife, I must forbear other expenses.
To bed, and this night began to lie in the little green chamber, where the maids lie, but we could not a great while get Nell to lie there, because I lie there and my wife, but at last, when she saw she must lie there or sit up, she, with much ado, came to bed.
35 Annotations
First Reading
RexLeo • Link
"...where the maids lie, but we could not a great while get Nell to lie there"
Fox in the hen house?
Pedro. • Link
"He is in mourning for his wife's grandmother, which is thought a great piece of fondness.1”
Why would this be great foolishness? He has married a Catholic, which could be considered foolish, but mourning seems only reasonable, as has been discussed recently.
A. De Araujo • Link
"my expensefull life,which will undo me.......a great deal of money in clothes for my wife"
He did it for my lady
Stolzi • Link
1) Why are they _all_ bunking in "the little green chamber?"
2) Could it be "fond" behavior to wear mourning for a relative as distant as a grandmother-in-law? Especially if you're royalty?
3) The Duke of York was at this point still married to a Protestant - Anne Hyde.
Diana Bonebrake • Link
I know that in court ladies often slept near royalty in their chambers. But what is this about?
vicente • Link
ye be a wise man to see disaster before ye go to Brides [nick] and repent at yer leisure for yer imbibing ways, last weeks sermon seems to have hit home. "...which will undo me..."
"...I must forbear other expenses..."
we will have to wait for C.Dickens to tell Sam that he has the right idea.
"..
Annual income twenty pounds,
annual expenditure nineteen nineteen six, result happiness.
Annual income twenty pounds,
annual expenditure twenty pounds ought and six, result misery.
David Copperfield. Chap. xii. .."
vicente • Link
covet fetters ?: crave to be shackled,? Grand Maam must have had some kind of bait, to entice or entrap Jimmy into her granddaughters boudoir [private sitting room of course].
vicente • Link
"submit in triplicate at the the next meeting please, [ can ye not see I have a most important engagement, ye do pick the most awkward time to speak of such silly dull matters ] "...After we had given him our letter relating the bad condition of the Navy for want of money, he referred it to his coming back and so parted..."
Australian Susan • Link
Are they all sleeping in the same room because it is very cold?
vicente • Link
Susan: very likely explanation, and Sam he thinking of watching his pennies too. And it be raining hard too, at this time of year in England before they begot central heating, the dampness did get into ones marrow bones [oh! yer, bin there dun that]
Pedro. • Link
James.. still married to a Protestant - Anne Hyde.
Thanks Stolzi for pointing this out. She did not join the Church of Rome until 1669.
Burnet(1643-1715) says that she "practised secret confession from her youth." Perhaps her grandmother was more openly Papist?
Conrad • Link
Sam & Elizabeth may have a broken roof tile right over their bed & the rain is causing them a problem on this one night. Sam has talked about his coal supply for the coming winter, so I think he has the cold & damp covered. Either poor Nell is shy ( use of chamber pot etc.,)or she fears Sam snores after all his imbibing, or that he will toss & turn during the night worrying about his loss of capital on some expensive lace & he will have to cut back the size of his morning draught.
Glyn • Link
A great foolishness.
Presumaby the duke never ever met the old lady, so put on mourning for her is a little excessive.
JWB • Link
Parliament
"Among those politicians who, from the Restoration to the accession of the House of Hanover, were at the head of the great parties in the state, very few can be named whose reputation is not stained by what, in our age, would be called gross perfidy and corruption" Macaulay, History of Eng., Chapt II, Proligacy of Politicians. http://www.strecorsoc.org/macaula…
JWB • Link
That's "Profligacy of the Politicians" . Sorry, always been stingy with my letters.
Robert Gertz • Link
While fretting over the miserable bit he's been prodded to put out for some decent clothes for Beth, Sam probably forgot to tell us that his and Bethie's bedroom is being redone-plastered, whitewashed, painted, some or all of the above, etc. No doubt that expense exceeds by far what Milady has forced him to spend on poor wretch Beth and he'd prefer not to remember that...
dirk • Link
"miserable bit"
re - Robert Gertz
Well, not so miserable really...
"In 2002, £6 from 1661 is worth £582.96, using the retail price index.”
From:
http://eh.net/hmit/ppowerbp/
Australian Susan • Link
"broken roof tile"
I think if Sam had a leaky roof we would have heard him grumbling about it at great length - no doubt with his wife or the maids being blamed for not noticing the leak or the effects it was having on bedding etc and how it was all the fault of the Navy Board for having a sub-standard roof etc etc. *and* the inconvenience of 'camping out'etc etc etc!! In fact, he seems remarkably matter-of-fact about the change of room - it seems the only noteworthy matter is that Nell causes "much ado" in consenting to the arrangements.
vicente • Link
Leaking lead roof?: Sam would have let us know, as Susan points out. Those were the days of bundling up for mutual warmth[not hankie panky], now considered a great inconvenience or a male excuse and certainly frowned on . For those that never suffered from the lack of heating and never enjoyed the pleasures of damp english weather or Jack frost or experienced the lack of warmth from a glowing coal fire, with that wonderful warming pan or hot brick or later days of a stone fixture filled with 'ot water that rapidly turned to luke warm, would appreciated the wonders of haveing many 'umans snuggling up and enjoying a restful night.[Its all in the mind]
David A. Smith • Link
"which is thought a great piece of fondness"
With all due respect to previous speculators, I think we still have not plumbed quite why Sam thinks this is foolish. Though Anne was the daughter of Charles's chief minister (Edward Hyde, a Protestant), in marrying her James was impetuous, because:
(a) it took him out of circulation as an eligible allience-building husband
(b) Anne was a commoner
(c) a link to Anne was of no conceivable value to the throne (since they already had Hyde as a minister).
I *think* -- emphasis on uncertainty -- that Sam is echoing the Whitehall tut-tuts: "Jimmy's such a fool, not only did he marry an unsuitable gel, he's always *reminding* us of it."
Jackie • Link
More to the point about the Duke's wife - until very recently, the Duke had tried to deny that he was even properly married to Anne Hyde at all, and worse persuaded his friends to claim that they'd all slept with her (untrue) in order to get out of this marriage so that he'd be free for a "suitable" (i.e. Royal) alliance. When Charles II found out the truth he was disgusted both by James having married her in the first place and also by his vile attempt at a cover up.
James had married Anne when the likelihood of the resoration seemed remote - his timing was as usual appalling, within a few months, his brother was King of England. James' behaviour did not reflect well upon him, so for him to be in mourning for his wife's granny is a) seriously hypocritical even by the standards of his time and b) a reminder that James rather foolishly (in the view of his times) had married a commoner. The latter point was very important in those days. Hyde himself had declared that he'd "rather that James had made her (his own daughter!) his mistress, not his wife!"
It's ironic that eventually James was the only King in our history to be ousted by his daughters (mother - Anne Hyde, as it happens).
Pedro. • Link
The Grandmother.
She was buried on 13 November 1661 at Westminster Abbey, and perhaps this meant that she had some kind notoriety?
(see background)
dirk • Link
"this night began to lie in the little green chamber"
I'm not familiar with the layout of Sam's house, but might not the simpler reason be that
a) (maybe) this room had a hearth
b) and (also maybe) it was smaller and therefore easier to heat?
November is a cold month - and more cold to come!
Patricia • Link
But Sam DOES have a leaky roof! See 1 September last: "Last night being very rainy [the rain] broke into my house, the gutter being stopped, and spoiled all my ceilings almost." Though whether that's what this is about, we shall see (or perhaps not.)
Second Reading
Terry Foreman • Link
"this night began to lie in the little green chamber"
Apparently a seasonal migration.
Chris Squire UK • Link
Adding in the 11 days adjustment for the old calendar takes us to Nov 24 New Style, past the transition from autumn to winter, a Little Ice Age winter much older than what we get nowadays.
DNB has: ‘ . . It was in the years 1668–70 that both James and Anne converted to Roman Catholicism. Anne was a devout woman who had practised secret confession since the age of twelve and who clearly valued the visual and the ritual elements in worship: Pepys saw her in James's ‘little pretty chapel’ at her ‘silly devotions’ . .
She gave birth to her eighth child, a daughter, on 9 February 1671, but by now her fatal illness, probably breast cancer, was in an advanced stage . . On 30 March she ate a hearty dinner, but fell ill that night and died at 3 p.m the following day . . ‘ [aged 34]
also:
‘ . . Her husband was certainly no match for her. He was widely seen as under her thumb: ‘the duke of York, in all things but his codpiece, is led by the nose by his wife’ (Pepys, 9.342) . . ‘
Terry Foreman • Link
"to my Lord Crew’s, where I found him come to his new house, which is next to that he lived in last"
The new house was probably what we now call the former 52 Lincoln's Inn Fields (rebuilt in 1912), where he was living in 1667. (L&M note)
Liz • Link
Maybe I’ve missed something but last year SP seemed to be getting money right left and and centre and thankful for his riches. Now he is worrying about having to cut back. What’s happened to all the money? Or is he only concerned because he had to spend money on Elizabeth?
Terry Foreman • Link
"After we had given him our letter relating the bad condition of the Navy for want of money, he referred it to his coming back and so parted."
L&M: On the 9th the Duke had written asking for a statement of money owing: PRO, Adm. 2/1745, f15r.
Third Reading
San Diego Sarah • Link
Jemima, Countess of Sandwich, to Lord Sandwich
Date: 13 November 1661
Shelfmark: MS. Carte 74, fol(s). 351
Document type: Holograph
Perceives by his letter of Sep. 23 that he has heard of "another girl, but her name is to be Katherine not Sarah" for, as his Lordship has the honour to bring over "our so-much-desired Queen", the writer thought "we might also have the honour to have her name. We hear so much good of her that we long for her coming."
Notifies many applications she has been solicited to prefer for employments in the Queen's household.
Adds that "Lady Fanshawe and my Lady Carthew [?] are my great acquaintance of the Court ladies, which [two] are most excellent wives; that you may know I keep good company".
FROM:
Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661
Bodleian Library, University of Oxford
Edward Edwards, 2005
Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32
Extent: 464 pages
https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
@@@
Lady Fanshawe must be Anne, wife of Amb. Sir Richard. A version of her memoires say:
"To the jealousy of Lord Clarendon, who was anxious to remove Sir Richard Fanshawe from about Charles II's person, Lady Fanshawe imputes the circumstance of his being sent to Portugal to negotiate the marriage with the Princess Catharine, to whom he was charged to present his Majesty's picture; but this appointment is strong proof of the confidence which was reposed in his discretion and abilities.
"Sir Richard Fanshawe returned to England in December, 1661 and during his absence Lady Anne Harrison Fanshawe remained in London, ..."
MEMOIRS OF LADY FANSHAWE, WIFE OF SIR RICHARD FANSHAWE, BT.
AMBASSADOR FROM CHARLES II TO THE COURTS OF PORTUGAL & MADRID
WRITTEN BY HERSELF, CONTAINING EXTRACTS FROM THE CORRESPONDENCE OF SIR RICHARD FANSHAWE (EDITED)
By ALLAN FEA
WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY BEATRICE MARSHALL
http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60…
Jemima, Lady Sandwich
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
Catherine Montagu
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
San Diego Sarah • Link
Meanwhile, at the Palace of Whitehall:
Of violent designs the administration in the summer of 1661 found little definite trace. Reports of secret meetings, night ridings, fanaticism attendant on the news of the regicide executions, rumors of risings, were the most that could be unearthed.20
20 Staffordshire, Shropshire, Chester, Carlisle, Wilts, Windsor, Lowestoft, Durham, Dublin, Kent, London, etc. Cal. St. P. Dom., 1661, pp. 79-134 passim; id., 1661-1662, pp. 62-212 passim.
But a week before Parliament met [approx. Nov. 13] there came into Secretary Nicholas' hands information of the utmost importance. It was to the effect that on Nov. 10 or 11, 1661, a Richard Churme, of Wichenford, Worcs., had come upon a stranger lying by the roadside sorting letters. When he had gone Churme found a package which had been accidentally dropped, and secured it before the stranger discovered his loss and returned to look for it.
The package was sent to Sir John Packington, J.P. and M.P. for Worcestershire, and, after copies had been made and sent to neighboring magistrates, it was forwarded to London with several examinations taken about it.
The 2 letters enclosed purported to have been written by “Ann Ba" to a Mr. Sparry, parson of Martley, and to a Capt. Yarrington of the old army. They spoke of the need of money, of "the company" having increased to 300, of an oath taken Nov.1, 1661, of news sent to Hereford, Gloucester, Worcester and Shrewsbury, of "a fatal blow against their adversaries," of “hopes for merry days", and "that the business would soon be done ".21
21 Cal. St. P. Dom., 1661-1662, pp. 143-148.
Two persons deposed further that Capt. Yarrington had said he "had a commission to eure people of the simples", that "there would be news ere long", and that Col. Turton's man had said "they" were to rendezvous at Edgehill the night of Nov. 9.
All this was confirmed and enlarged from apparently independent sources,22 and many circumstances combined to heighten the probability of the information. The West country and Midland loyalists were greatly excited.
22 Cal. St. P. Dom., 1661-1662, p. 199.
Alarms were sent in every direction.
Neighboring towns, especially those named in the letters, were put in a state of defence.23 The militia was called out, and many suspicious characters seized.
23 Cal. St. P. Dom., 1661-1662, p. 153.
Parson Sparry and Capt. Yarrington were secured, examined before the Worcester justices, and sent to London. There before the Secretary and the Council they "denied all", and no further results appeared.24
24 Cf. Calamy, Nonconformist Memorials, ed. Palmer, I. 30, 31. ... For Yarrington's examination cf. Cal. St. P. Dom., June 23, 1662, p. 417. For Sparry cf. Calamy ut supra.
Such was the story which made its way through England on the eve of the new session and met the MPs as they came up to London. It was not, on its face, wholly probable.
San Diego Sarah • Link
CONCLUSION:
Careful investigation would have enabled the administration to establish its value without much question. But there was neither time, nor opportunity, nor, one may suspect, inclination, to look too closely into information which was so extremely useful to the dominant party.
The Royalists took full advantage of it.
TO BE CONTINUED ...
ADAPTED FROM English Conspiracy and Dissent, 1660-1674
By Wilbur C. Abbott
The American Historical Review, Vol. 14, No. 3 (Apr., 1909), pp. 503-528 (26 pages)
www.jstor.org/stable/1836444?seq=…
San Diego Sarah • Link
"Maybe I’ve missed something but last year SP seemed to be getting money right left and and centre and thankful for his riches. Now he is worrying about having to cut back."
Right, Liz. Two reasons:
1. Pepys has missed a lot of work time because of trips to Brampton and the sorting out of legal affairs. He has therefore missed opportunities to fleece his nest -- plus the number of seals issued by the Privy Seal's office has fallen off;
2. The 1660 Parliament gave Charles II money to spend on the Navy. This Cavalier Parliament did not give Charles money in order to control him, and thereby the Army, with the side effect of short-changing the Navy also -- but was more vindictive in their persecution of the nonconformists.
For examples, see
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
and
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
San Diego Sarah • Link
From Sandwich's log, at anchor in Tangier Bay:
November 13, Wednesday.
Some 16 or 18 Moors (one of them being the Governor under Gayland 2 of this province) came to the old watch tower to the east of Old Tangier and made a fire and sign to speak with us, whereupon 2 boats were sent with musketeers, who had conference with them and very civilly treated, the Moors expressing a desire to have trade and commerce with us, but could not do it without leave first from Gayland, to whom they would send for licence.
About 2 of the clock in the afternoon came in the Augustine from Lisbon, and Mr. Charles Herbert from Sir Richard Fanshaw.
2. A Moorish chieftan whose headquarters were in Arzila.
Copied from
The Journal of Edward Mountagu,
First Earl of Sandwich
Admiral and General-at-Sea 1659 - 1665
Edited by RC Anderson
Printed for the Navy Records Society
MDCCCCXXIX
Section III - Mediterranean 1661/62
@@@
The Governor of Tangier -- The Portuguese Governor of Tangier was Don Luis d'Almeida, count d'Avintes (he must also have been the Captain General, as he gets other correspondence in that role), but this sounds as if Gayland has his own "Governor". This is d'Avintes information
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lui…
Gayland = Abd Allah al-Ghailan ("Guiland", "Gayland")
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
The Augustine -- we last heard of the Augustine last August
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
Lisbon
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
Charles Herbert -- possibly Capt. Charles Herbert?
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
Sir Richard Fanshaw -- Amb. Richard Fanshawe
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
San Diego Sarah • Link
Sir John Packington, above, is generally spelt as PAKINGTON. My apologies.