"During the Livonia Wars (1558-1582) the Livonia Confederation was dissolved. South-west part of Estonia and north-east part of Latvia was ceded to Poland and there was formed the Duchy of Livonia (Pardaugavas hercogiste). The part of Latvia west of Daugava River to Baltic Sea formed up another new region, the Duchy of Courland and Semigalia (Kurzemes un Zemgales hercogiste). It was dependent from Grand duke of Lithuania, later from the king of Poland & Lithuania. Gotthard Kettler, the last Master of the Order of Livonia, became the first duke of Courland." http://www.geocities.com/Athens/O…
1 Annotation
First Reading
Terry F • Link
Kettler, Friedrich Casimir, duke of Courland, 1650-1698.
http://oasis.harvard.edu:10080/oa…
"During the Livonia Wars (1558-1582) the Livonia Confederation was dissolved. South-west part of Estonia and north-east part of Latvia was ceded to Poland and there was formed the Duchy of Livonia (Pardaugavas hercogiste). The part of Latvia west of Daugava River to Baltic Sea formed up another new region, the Duchy of Courland and Semigalia (Kurzemes un Zemgales hercogiste). It was dependent from Grand duke of Lithuania, later from the king of Poland & Lithuania. Gotthard Kettler, the last Master of the Order of Livonia, became the first duke of Courland." http://www.geocities.com/Athens/O…