"That a letter is come from the King to the House, which is locked up by the Council ‘till next Tuesday that it may be read in the open House when they meet again, they having adjourned till then to keep a fast tomorrow. And so the contents is not yet known."
L&M: CJ, viii. 3+. The letter conveyed the Declaration of Breda: see https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/… ------------------- The Declaration of Breda (dated 4 April 1660) was a proclamation by Charles II of England in which he promised a general pardon for crimes committed during the English Civil War and the Interregnum for all those who recognised Charles as the lawful king; the retention by the current owners of property purchased during the same period; religious toleration; and the payment of arrears to members of the army, and that the army would be recommissioned into service under the crown. Further, regarding the two latter points, the parliament was given the authority to judge property disputes and responsibility for the payment of the army. The first three pledges were all subject to amendment by acts of parliament. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dec…
"the news of Lambert’s being taken; which story is very strange that he should lose his reputation of being a man of courage now at one blow, for that he was not able to fight one stroke, but desired of Colonel Ingoldsby several times for God’s sake to let him escape."
L&M: Lambert was said to have prevented his officers from leading a charge: Whitelocke, Memorials, iv. 408.
"I hear, that about twelve of the Lords met and had chosen my Lord of Manchester Speaker of the House of Lords (the young Lords that never sat yet, do forbear to sit for the present); and Sir Harbottle Grimstone, Speaker for the House of Commons. The House of Lords sent to have a conference with the House of Commons, which, after a little debate, was granted."
"This day dined Sir John Boys and some other gentlemen formerly great Cavaliers, and among the rest one Mr. Norwood, for whom my Lord give a convoy to carry him to the Brill, "
L&M: Boys was a leader of the Kent royalists, and had been recently imprisoned for demanding a free parliament (CSPD 1659-60, p. 330); Maj. Henry Norwood was a royalist agent. Both now carried letters from Mountague to the King: CSPClar., iv. 687; cf. https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
"to dinner, where my Lord told us that the University of Cambridge had a mind to choose him for their burgess, which he pleased himself with, to think that they do look upon him as a thriving man, and said so openly at table."
L&M: Monck. elected both for Cambridge University and for Devonshire, had chosen to serve for the latter. This offer was thereupon transferred to Mountagu: W. Hetley to Mountagu, Cambridge, 12 April; Carte 73, f.400r. But in the event Mountagu's cousin, William Mountagu, second son of Edward, 1st Baron Mountagu of Boughton, was returned. Cf. M. B. Rex, University representation in Engl. 1604-90, pp. 198-200, App. vi.
L&M note concerning Weymouth and Dover: Pepys writes "My Lord is capable of being elected for them": Mountagu was chosen for both places, but on being raised to the peerage resigned both before taking his seat..
"That the Skinners’ Company the other day at their entertaining of General Monk had took down the Parliament Arms in their Hall, and set up the King’s."
L&M: This was on 4 April: cf. CSPClar., iv. 626.
--------------------------------
Coat of Arms of the Commonwealth of England from 1653 to 1659 during the Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thi… -------------------------------- Arms of King Charles II of England and Scotland: Quarterly of 4: 1st & 4th grand quarters: quarterly of four; 1&4: France; 2&3:England (Plantagenet); 2nd grand quarter: Scotland; 3rd grand quarter: Ireland https://commons.wikimedia.org/wik…
"This day come the Lieutenant of the Swiftsure, who was sent by my Lord to Hastings, one of the Cinque Ports, to have got Mr. Edward Montagu to have been one of their burgesses, but could not, for they were all promised before."
L&M: The lieutenant brought a letter from the Town Clerk of Hastings: Carte 73, f.372r. Edward Mountagu (eldest son of the 2nd Lord Mountagu of Boughton) failed also to get in at Weymouth, but in 1661 was elected to the following parliament for Sandwich.
Gilbert Pickering (1613-1668) was a member of Parliament for the county of Northampton. When Charles raised his standard at Nottingham on August 22, 1642, Pickering abandoned the king for the parliamentary cause. He was appointed to the parliamentary committee and, in 1648, was appointed one of the judges in the trial of Charles I.
Pickering remained the representative for Northampton through the Interregnum (1648-1660) and was appointed lord chamberlain to Oliver Cromwell, the Protector, in 1657. His public career ended with the restoration of the Stuarts in 1660. His brother-in-law, Edward Montagu, earl of Sandwich, influenced Pickering's removal from the list of Cromwellian supporters who would be punished by the Act of Indemnity and Oblivion (1660) and helped obtain his pardon from Charles II. Pickering was barred from holding public office for the remainer of his life. He died on October 21, 1668. http://pitts.emory.edu/collection…
"At night Mr. Sheply returned from London, and told us of several elections for the next Parliament. That the King’s effigies was new making to be set up in the Exchange again."
"I went hence to St. James’s and Mr. Pierce the surgeon with me, to speak with Mr. Clerke, Monk’s secretary, about getting some soldiers removed out of Huntingdon to Oundle, which my Lord told me he did to do a courtesy to the town, that he might have the greater interest in them, in the choice of the next Parliament; not that he intends to be chosen himself, but that he might have Mr. G. Montagu and my Lord Mandeville chose there in spite of the Bernards"
L&M: John Bernard of Bram pton and his brother-in-law Nicholas Pedley were in March the successful candidates for Huntingdon borough. The former had sat for the county in the last three parliaments; Pedley for the county in the last two. For the electoral rivalry between the Berbards and the Mountagus, see VCH, Hunts., ii. 29-30.
"There was also one for me from Mr. Blackburne, who with his own hand superscribes it to S.P. Esq., of which God knows I was not a little proud."
L&M: Esquires constituted the rank above gentlemen. 'Any that are in superiour Publick Office for King or State are reputed Esquires or equal to Esquires': E. Chamberlayne, Angl. Not. (1669), p. 475. Pepys became an indubitable esquire when in the summer he was appointed Clerk of the Acts to the Navy Board. Most of his colleagues on the Board were knights, and the Clerk was often known as 'Squire Pepys', e.g., to the plumber who helped with the alterations in 1661 to the office: PRO, SP 29/81, no. 21. But he did not protest at the end of 1660 when under the poll-tax he was rated as a mere gentleman: https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
Curious. keen observation SDS. . These were, of course, 'goldsmith bankers':
A goldsmith banker was a business role that emerged in seventeenth century London from the London goldsmiths where they gradually expanded their services to include storage of wealth, providing loans, transferring money and providing bills of exchange that would lead to the development of cheques. Some of the concepts were brought over from Amsterdam where goldsmiths would provide gold storage and issue chits that started to be used as a means of exchange. The goldsmith banker became a key development in the history of banking that would lead to modern banking. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gol…
"This day it was resolved that the writs do go out in the name of the Keepers of the Liberty,"
L&M: The bill for the dissolution of parliament was given its second reading on this day: CJ, vii. 868. The writs were made out in the name of the 'keepers of the Liberty of England by authority of Parliament': Pub. Inyrll., 20 February, p. 1124. For the debate on this matter, see https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/… and https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
"in my way Washington overtook me and told me upon my question whether he knew of any place now void that I might have, by power over friends, that this day Mr. G. Montagu was to be made ‘Custos Rotulorum’ for Westminster, and that by friends I might get to be named by him Clerk of the Peace, with which I was, as I am at all new things, very much joyed, "
L&M: The Mountagus had a close connection with the city of Westminster, and the Earl of Manchester soon afterwards became High Steward. But George Mountagu's appointment seems never to have been made; the Earl of Clair became custos and Thomas Lewis his clerk of the peace. Mdx Rec. Off., Westminster Sess. Rolls, 1224/1 and 2; HMC, Rep., 8/2/66.
" Monk this day is feasted at Mercers’ Hall, and is invited one after another to all the twelve Halls in London!"
L&M: Cf. https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/… and https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/… At these feasts in the halls of the twelve great livery companies, the entertainment -- songs, pastorals, etc. -- became progressively bolder and more royalist. At the Mercer's feast a rump was passed round: Nicholas Papers (ed. Warner), iv. 199-200.
Comments
Second Reading
About Sunday 29 April 1660
Terry Foreman • Link
"That a letter is come from the King to the House, which is locked up by the Council ‘till next Tuesday that it may be read in the open House when they meet again, they having adjourned till then to keep a fast tomorrow. And so the contents is not yet known."
L&M: CJ, viii. 3+. The letter conveyed the Declaration of Breda: see https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
-------------------
The Declaration of Breda (dated 4 April 1660) was a proclamation by Charles II of England in which he promised a general pardon for crimes committed during the English Civil War and the Interregnum for all those who recognised Charles as the lawful king; the retention by the current owners of property purchased during the same period; religious toleration; and the payment of arrears to members of the army, and that the army would be recommissioned into service under the crown. Further, regarding the two latter points, the parliament was given the authority to judge property disputes and responsibility for the payment of the army. The first three pledges were all subject to amendment by acts of parliament.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dec…
About Friday 27 April 1660
Terry Foreman • Link
"the news of Lambert’s being taken; which story is very strange that he should lose his reputation of being a man of courage now at one blow, for that he was not able to fight one stroke, but desired of Colonel Ingoldsby several times for God’s sake to let him escape."
L&M: Lambert was said to have prevented his officers from leading a charge: Whitelocke, Memorials, iv. 408.
About Friday 27 April 1660
Terry Foreman • Link
"I am informed that the Exchequer is now so low, that there is not 20l. there, to give the messenger that brought the news of Lambert’s being taken;"
L&M: A council warrant was issued on 23 April for the payment of £20 to Thomas Wright for this service: CSPD 1659-60, p. 598.
About Thursday 26 April 1660
Terry Foreman • Link
"I hear, that about twelve of the Lords met and had chosen my Lord of Manchester Speaker of the House of Lords (the young Lords that never sat yet, do forbear to sit for the present); and Sir Harbottle Grimstone, Speaker for the House of Commons. The House of Lords sent to have a conference with the House of Commons, which, after a little debate, was granted."
L&M: CJ, viii. 1.
About Saturday 21 April 1660
Terry Foreman • Link
"This day dined Sir John Boys and some other gentlemen formerly great Cavaliers, and among the rest one Mr. Norwood, for whom my Lord give a convoy to carry him to the Brill, "
L&M: Boys was a leader of the Kent royalists, and had been recently imprisoned for demanding a free parliament (CSPD 1659-60, p. 330); Maj. Henry Norwood was a royalist agent. Both now carried letters from Mountague to the King: CSPClar., iv. 687; cf. https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
About Sunday 15 April 1660
Terry Foreman • Link
"to dinner, where my Lord told us that the University of Cambridge had a mind to choose him for their burgess, which he pleased himself with, to think that they do look upon him as a thriving man, and said so openly at table."
L&M: Monck. elected both for Cambridge University and for Devonshire, had chosen to serve for the latter. This offer was thereupon transferred to Mountagu: W. Hetley to Mountagu, Cambridge, 12 April; Carte 73, f.400r. But in the event Mountagu's cousin, William Mountagu, second son of Edward, 1st Baron Mountagu of Boughton, was returned. Cf. M. B. Rex, University representation in Engl. 1604-90, pp. 198-200, App. vi.
About Saturday 14 April 1660
Terry Foreman • Link
To correc t a typo.
L&M note concerning Weymouth and Dover: Pepys writes "My Lord is capable of being elected for them": Mountagu was chosen for both places, but on being raised to the peerage resigned both before taking his seat..
About Wednesday 11 April 1660
Terry Foreman • Link
"That the Skinners’ Company the other day at their entertaining of General Monk had took down the Parliament Arms in their Hall, and set up the King’s."
L&M: This was on 4 April: cf. CSPClar., iv. 626.
--------------------------------
Coat of Arms of the Commonwealth of England from 1653 to 1659 during the Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thi…
--------------------------------
Arms of King Charles II of England and Scotland: Quarterly of 4: 1st & 4th grand quarters: quarterly of four; 1&4: France; 2&3:England (Plantagenet); 2nd grand quarter: Scotland; 3rd grand quarter: Ireland https://commons.wikimedia.org/wik…
About Monday 9 April 1660
Terry Foreman • Link
"This afternoon I wrote letters for my Lord to the Council, &c.,"
L&M: E,g, Mountagu to Admiralty Commissioners . . . . sending a list of ships and promising to enquire into the condition of the fleet.
About Tuesday 3 April 1660
Terry Foreman • Link
"This day come the Lieutenant of the Swiftsure, who was sent by my Lord to Hastings, one of the Cinque Ports, to have got Mr. Edward Montagu to have been one of their burgesses, but could not, for they were all promised before."
L&M: The lieutenant brought a letter from the Town Clerk of Hastings: Carte 73, f.372r. Edward Mountagu (eldest son of the 2nd Lord Mountagu of Boughton) failed also to get in at Weymouth, but in 1661 was elected to the following parliament for Sandwich.
About Edward Pickering
Terry Foreman • Link
Pardon of Sir Gilbert Pickering, 1660 (MSS 109)
Gilbert Pickering (1613-1668) was a member of Parliament for the county of Northampton. When Charles raised his standard at Nottingham on August 22, 1642, Pickering abandoned the king for the parliamentary cause. He was appointed to the parliamentary committee and, in 1648, was appointed one of the judges in the trial of Charles I.
Pickering remained the representative for Northampton through the Interregnum (1648-1660) and was appointed lord chamberlain to Oliver Cromwell, the Protector, in 1657. His public career ended with the restoration of the Stuarts in 1660. His brother-in-law, Edward Montagu, earl of Sandwich, influenced Pickering's removal from the list of Cromwellian supporters who would be punished by the Act of Indemnity and Oblivion (1660) and helped obtain his pardon from Charles II. Pickering was barred from holding public office for the remainer of his life. He died on October 21, 1668. http://pitts.emory.edu/collection…
About Friday 30 March 1660
Terry Foreman • Link
"My Lord, in his discourse, discovered a great deal of love to this ship."
L&M: The Naseby had been his flagship in the Baltic in 1659.
About Thursday 29 March 1660
Terry Foreman • Link
"At night Mr. Sheply returned from London, and told us of several elections for the next Parliament. That the King’s effigies was new making to be set up in the Exchange again."
L&M: See https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/… and https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
But Moumtagu's defeated friends were both, by his influence, elected elsewhere: George Mountagu for Dover and Viscoubt Mandeville for Huntingdonsgire.
About Wednesday 14 March 1659/60
Terry Foreman • Link
"I went hence to St. James’s and Mr. Pierce the surgeon with me, to speak with Mr. Clerke, Monk’s secretary, about getting some soldiers removed out of Huntingdon to Oundle, which my Lord told me he did to do a courtesy to the town, that he might have the greater interest in them, in the choice of the next Parliament; not that he intends to be chosen himself, but that he might have Mr. G. Montagu and my Lord Mandeville chose there in spite of the Bernards"
L&M: John Bernard of Bram pton and his brother-in-law Nicholas Pedley were in March the successful candidates for Huntingdon borough. The former had sat for the county in the last three parliaments; Pedley for the county in the last two. For the electoral rivalry between the Berbards and the Mountagus, see VCH, Hunts., ii. 29-30.
About Monday 26 March 1660
Terry Foreman • Link
"About an hour after that, we had a meeting of the principal commanders and seamen, to proportion out the number of these things."
L&M: Mountagu's report of this meeting (sent to Blackborne, 27 March) iis summarised in CSPF 1659-60, p. 538.
About Sunday 25 March 1660
Terry Foreman • Link
"There was also one for me from Mr. Blackburne, who with his own hand superscribes it to S.P. Esq., of which God knows I was not a little proud."
L&M: Esquires constituted the rank above gentlemen. 'Any that are in superiour Publick Office for King or State are reputed Esquires or equal to Esquires': E. Chamberlayne, Angl. Not. (1669), p. 475. Pepys became an indubitable esquire when in the summer he was appointed Clerk of the Acts to the Navy Board. Most of his colleagues on the Board were knights, and the Clerk was often known as 'Squire Pepys', e.g., to the plumber who helped with the alterations in 1661 to the office: PRO, SP 29/81, no. 21. But he did not protest at the end of 1660 when under the poll-tax he was rated as a mere gentleman: https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
About Monday 1 April 1667
Terry Foreman • Link
Curious. keen observation SDS. . These were, of course, 'goldsmith bankers':
A goldsmith banker was a business role that emerged in seventeenth century London from the London goldsmiths where they gradually expanded their services to include storage of wealth, providing loans, transferring money and providing bills of exchange that would lead to the development of cheques. Some of the concepts were brought over from Amsterdam where goldsmiths would provide gold storage and issue chits that started to be used as a means of exchange. The goldsmith banker became a key development in the history of banking that would lead to modern banking. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gol…
About Friday 9 March 1659/60
Terry Foreman • Link
"This day it was resolved that the writs do go out in the name of the Keepers of the Liberty,"
L&M: The bill for the dissolution of parliament was given its second reading on this day: CJ, vii. 868. The writs were made out in the name of the 'keepers of the Liberty of England by authority of Parliament': Pub. Inyrll., 20 February, p. 1124. For the debate on this matter, see https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/… and
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
About Wednesday 7 March 1659/60
Terry Foreman • Link
"in my way Washington overtook me and told me upon my question whether he knew of any place now void that I might have, by power over friends, that this day Mr. G. Montagu was to be made ‘Custos Rotulorum’ for Westminster, and that by friends I might get to be named by him Clerk of the Peace, with which I was, as I am at all new things, very much joyed, "
L&M: The Mountagus had a close connection with the city of Westminster, and the Earl of Manchester soon afterwards became High Steward. But George Mountagu's appointment seems never to have been made; the Earl of Clair became custos and Thomas Lewis his clerk of the peace. Mdx Rec. Off., Westminster Sess. Rolls, 1224/1 and 2; HMC, Rep., 8/2/66.
About Tuesday 6 March 1659/60
Terry Foreman • Link
" Monk this day is feasted at Mercers’ Hall, and is invited one after another to all the twelve Halls in London!"
L&M: Cf. https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/… and https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
At these feasts in the halls of the twelve great livery companies, the entertainment -- songs, pastorals, etc. -- became progressively bolder and more royalist. At the Mercer's feast a rump was passed round: Nicholas Papers (ed. Warner), iv. 199-200.