"I hear they all die defending what they did to the king to be just; which is very strange"
L&M: For their arrest, see https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/… and https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/… For theie execution, see Kingd. Intell. , 21 April, pp. 252+: The speeches, discourses and prayers of Col. John Barkstead etc. . . . upon the 19th of April . . . (1662), pp. 49+. Okey, unlike the others, did not attempt to defend regicide; he alone therefore was given Christian burial: CSPD 1661-2, p.3444.
"So I forebore, and afterwards, in my wife’s chamber, did there talk to Jane how much I did love the boy for her sake, and how much it do concern to correct the boy for his faults, or else he would be undone."
L&M: Wayneman Birch was dismissed in July 1663, and in the following November was packed off to Barbados: https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/… He was a 'pretty well-looked boy' and had been in Pepys's service since September 1660. His escapades included one small explosion, an attempt at running away and 'strange things . . . not fit to name': https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
"My Lord Windsor came to us to discourse of his affairs, and to take his leave of us; he being to go Governor of Jamaica with this fleet that is now going."
"Yesterday came Col. Talbot with letters from Portugall, that the Queen is resolved to embarque for England this week."
L&M: She embarked on Sunday 13 April, after mass: Sandwich, p. 132. Col. Richard Talbot (Groom of the Bedchamber to the Duke of York; later Earl of Tyrconnel) appears to have left the fleet in the Tagus on 27 March: ib., p. 128.
"At dinner Sir George showed me an account in French of the great famine,"
L&M: ? one of the appeals for money issued during the famine by the ladies of the Compagnie du Saint-Sacrement: list in Revue d'hist. écon. et soc., 12/69, n. 95. This famine was for France one of the worst of the century and caused many deaths, especially in Normandy, the Loire valley and Paris (ib., pp. 53+; C. W. Cole, Colbert, ii. 503+): parts with which Cartaret (a Jersey man and recently an exile in France) had several contacts. At the time of this entry, starvation was at its worst, and the authorities -- King, churches, towns -- were busy with measures of relief.
"By water to White Hall, to Sir G. Carteret, to give him an account of the backwardness of the ships we have hired to Portugall."
L&M: These were to transport men, horses, etc. to the war in Portugal against Spain. Several ships were sent from England, Scotland and Dunkirk: PRO, Adm. 20/3, p. 79.
"By barge Sir George, Sir Williams both and I to Deptford, and there fell to pay off the Drake and Hampshire, then to dinner, Sir George to his lady at his house, and Sir Wm. Pen to Woolwich, and Sir W. Batten and I to the tavern, where much company came to us and our dinner, and somewhat short by reason of their taking part away with them. Then to pay the rest of the Hampshire and the Paradox, and were at it till 9 at night,"
L&M: The pay of the Drake (£591), Weymouth (£1652) and Paradox (£1813) -- nut not of the Hampshire -- is recorded in PRO, Adm. 20/2, pp. 186-7 (warrants of 27 March, 4 April).
"and by the by he made a question whether it was not my Lord’s interest a little to appear to the King in debt, and for people to clamor against him as well as others for their money, that by that means the King and the world may see that he do lay out for the King’s honour upon his own main stock, which many he tells me do"
"So to my Lord, who rose as soon as he heard I was there; and in his nightgown and shirt stood talking with me alone two hours, I believe, concerning his greatest matters of state and interest. Among other things, that his greatest design is, first, to get clear of all debts to the King for the Embassy money, and then a pardon."
L&M: Sandwich, who had not troubled to take the free pardon offerd at the Restoration, was now granted a pardon in October 1662 for 'all treastons, etc. by him committed by him before 16 August last': Bodl. Clar. dep. c.406, p. 92; PRO, C66/30 II, no. 4. In his embassy to Portugal in 1661 (see https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/… and https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/… He had received not only the normal grant to an ambassador (£5000 in this case) but also some of the dowry money paid on the Queen's behalf. On 31c December 1662 he was allowed to keep the 25,000 crusados for which he stood accountable, 'in recompense of his charges'. See CTB, i. 267, 496.
The Stato Màr da or Domini da Mar ("State/Domains of the Sea") was the name given to the Republic of Venice's maritime and overseas possessions from around 1000 to 1797, including at various times parts of what are now Istria, Dalmatia, Montenegro, Albania, Greece and notably the Ionian Islands, Peloponnese, Crete, Cyclades, Euboea, as well as Cyprus.[1]
It was one of the three subdivisions of the Republic of Venice's possessions, the other two being the Dogado, i.e. Venice proper, and the Domini di Terraferma in northern Italy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sta…
The Republic of Venice (Venetian: Repùblica Vèneta; Italian: Repubblica di Venezia), traditionally known as the Most Serene Republic of Venice (Venetian: Serenìsima Repùblica Vèneta; Italian: Serenissima Repubblica di Venezia), was a sovereign state and maritime republic in northeastern Italy, which existed for a millennium between the 8th century and 1797. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/His…
"....the great difference that hath been between my Lord Chancellor and my Lord of Bristol, about a proviso that my Lord Chancellor would have brought into the Bill for Conformity, that it shall be in the power of the King, when he sees fit, to dispense with the Act of Conformity; and though it be carried in the House of Lords, yet it is believed it will hardly pass in the Commons."
L&M: The Bill of Uniformity (ultimately passed on 19 May) was now being debated, and this was proviso, introduced by Clarendon, would have allowed, to those ministers who wanted it, freedom not to wear the surplice, and (in the baptismal service) freedom to omit the sign of the cross. It was one of the concessions to moderate Presbyterians which Clarendon now favored and which Bristol opposed in a series of bitter speeches on 19-21 March. The account of the Venetian Resident (21 March) is almost the same as Pepys's: 'Even if it should be carried by virtue of the authority of the Chancellor, who, though no Presbyterian, supports that party because it is strong, to have it on his side in case of need, there is not the smallest sign that it would be passed by the Commons, on account of the animosity of the majority there against the Presbyterians, and of their rancour against the Chancellor . . .': CSPVen. 1661-4, pp.134-5. The proviso passed the Lords on 9 April and was defeated in the Commons on the 22nd. For Clarendon's attitude, see G.R. Abernathy in Journ. Eccles. Hist., 11/55+.
Artemisia absinthium (wormwood, grand wormwood, absinthe, absinthium, absinthe wormwood,[4] mugwort, wermout, wermud, wormit, wormod[5]) is a species of Artemisia native to temperate regions of Eurasia[6] and Northern Africa and widely naturalized in Canada and the northern United States.[7] It is grown as an ornamental plant and is used as an ingredient in the spirit absinthe as well as some other alcoholic beverages. (Large Glossary) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art…
"Sir W. Pen, talking to me this afternoon of what a strange thing it is for Downing to do this, he told me of a speech he made to the Lords States of Holland, telling them to their faces that he observed that he was not received with the respect and observance now, that he was when he came from the traitor and rebell Cromwell: by whom, I am sure, he hath got all he hath in the world, — and they know it too."
L&M: Since October 1661 Downing had refused to attend any conferences with the deputies of the States General because they denied him the courtesies which he claimed they had always in the past given to ambassadors, himself included. See his dispatches to Clarendon (25 October, and 8 November: Bodl., Clar. 105, ff. 86+, 108+), in which he blamed de Witt and the republicans. Downing had previously served in The Hague, 1657-60.
"Then home, where my Uncle Thomas (by promise and his son Tom) were come to give me his answer whether he would have me go to law or arbitracon with him,"
The 1668 Bawdy House Riots (also called the Messenger riots after rioter Peter Messenger) took place in 17th-century London over several days in March during Easter Week, 1668.[1] They were sparked by Dissenters who resented the King's proclamation against conventicles (private lay worship)[2] while turning a blind eye to the equally illegal brothels.[3] Thousands of young men besieged and demolished brothels throughout the East End, assaulting the prostitutes and looting the properties.[4] As the historian Tim Harris describes it:
"The riots broke out on Easter Monday, 23 March 1668, when a group attacked bawdy houses in Poplar. The next day crowds of about 500 pulled down similar establishments in Moorfields, East Smithfield, St Leonard's, Shoreditch, and also St Andrew's, Holborn, the main bawdy house districts of London. The final assaults came on Wednesday, mainly in the Moorfields area, one report claiming there were now 40,000 rioters - surely an exaggeration, but indicating that abnormally large numbers of people were involved. ... On all days the crowds were supposedly armed with 'iron bars, polaxes, long staves, and other weapons', presumably the sort of tools necessary for house demolition. The rioters organized themselves into regiments, headed by a captain, and marching behind colours."[5]
These were not the first anti-brothel riots in 17th-century London. Between 1603 and 1642, Shrove Tuesday riots (mostly involving attacks by apprentices on brothels and playhouses ostensibly to remove sources of temptation during Lent) had occurred at least twenty-four times.[6] They were to some degree tolerated and the people involved had rarely been punished severely.[7] However, the 1668 riots were different in both size and duration, involving thousands of people and lasting for several days.[8] In their aftermath, fifteen of the rioters were indicted for high treason, and four suspected ringleaders were convicted and hanged.[4]
Samuel Pepys recorded the events in his Diary on 24th[9] and 25th[10] March. He documented the attack on the property of brothel keeper Damaris Page, "the great bawd of the seamen", "the most Famous Bawd in the Towne."[11] She was a deeply unpopular figure because of her practice of press-ganging her dock worker clientele into the navy, and her bawdy house was an early target of the riots.[12] She appeared before a local magistrate, Robert Manley, as a victim of the riots who had lost significant property; she was one of the main witnesses brought against Robert Sharpless, a central instigator of the riots. Her evidence was notably given significant weight during the court case, despite her being an unmarried woman and a brothel keeper.[13] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baw…
Comments
Second Reading
About Saturday 19 April 1662
Terry Foreman • Link
"I hear they all die defending what they did to the king to be just; which is very strange"
L&M: For their arrest, see https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/… and https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
For theie execution, see Kingd. Intell. , 21 April, pp. 252+: The speeches, discourses and prayers of Col. John Barkstead etc. . . . upon the 19th of April . . . (1662), pp. 49+. Okey, unlike the others, did not attempt to defend regicide; he alone therefore was given Christian burial: CSPD 1661-2, p.3444.
About Friday 18 April 1662
Terry Foreman • Link
"So I forebore, and afterwards, in my wife’s chamber, did there talk to Jane how much I did love the boy for her sake, and how much it do concern to correct the boy for his faults, or else he would be undone."
L&M: Wayneman Birch was dismissed in July 1663, and in the following November was packed off to Barbados: https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
He was a 'pretty well-looked boy' and had been in Pepys's service since September 1660. His escapades included one small explosion, an attempt at running away and 'strange things . . . not fit to name': https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
About Thursday 10 April 1662
Terry Foreman • Link
"My Lord Windsor came to us to discourse of his affairs, and to take his leave of us; he being to go Governor of Jamaica with this fleet that is now going."
L&N: The new Governor had been negotiating with the Navy Board for boats and yawls: https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/… and https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
He arrived in Jamaica in July: CSPCol. 1661-8, p. 99.
About Thursday 10 April 1662
Terry Foreman • Link
"Yesterday came Col. Talbot with letters from Portugall, that the Queen is resolved to embarque for England this week."
L&M: She embarked on Sunday 13 April, after mass: Sandwich, p. 132. Col. Richard Talbot (Groom of the Bedchamber to the Duke of York; later Earl of Tyrconnel) appears to have left the fleet in the Tagus on 27 March: ib., p. 128.
About Wednesday 9 April 1662
Terry Foreman • Link
"At dinner Sir George showed me an account in French of the great famine,"
L&M: ? one of the appeals for money issued during the famine by the ladies of the Compagnie du Saint-Sacrement: list in Revue d'hist. écon. et soc., 12/69, n. 95. This famine was for France one of the worst of the century and caused many deaths, especially in Normandy, the Loire valley and Paris (ib., pp. 53+; C. W. Cole, Colbert, ii. 503+): parts with which Cartaret (a Jersey man and recently an exile in France) had several contacts. At the time of this entry, starvation was at its worst, and the authorities -- King, churches, towns -- were busy with measures of relief.
About Sunday 6 April 1662
Terry Foreman • Link
"By water to White Hall, to Sir G. Carteret, to give him an account of the backwardness of the ships we have hired to Portugall."
L&M: These were to transport men, horses, etc. to the war in Portugal against Spain. Several ships were sent from England, Scotland and Dunkirk: PRO, Adm. 20/3, p. 79.
About Friday 4 April 1662
Terry Foreman • Link
"By barge Sir George, Sir Williams both and I to Deptford, and there fell to pay off the Drake and Hampshire, then to dinner, Sir George to his lady at his house, and Sir Wm. Pen to Woolwich, and Sir W. Batten and I to the tavern, where much company came to us and our dinner, and somewhat short by reason of their taking part away with them. Then to pay the rest of the Hampshire and the Paradox, and were at it till 9 at night,"
L&M: The pay of the Drake (£591), Weymouth (£1652) and Paradox (£1813) -- nut not of the Hampshire -- is recorded in PRO, Adm. 20/2, pp. 186-7 (warrants of 27 March, 4 April).
About Wednesday 2 April 1662
Terry Foreman • Link
"We got places and staid to hear a sermon; but, it being a Presbyterian one, it was so long, that after above an hour of it we went away,"
L&M: The sermons were usually long. Isaac Barrow once preached for 3 1/2 hours: W. Pope, Seth Ward (1697), p. 148.
About Monday 31 March 1662
Terry Foreman • Link
"and by the by he made a question whether it was not my Lord’s interest a little to appear to the King in debt, and for people to clamor against him as well as others for their money, that by that means the King and the world may see that he do lay out for the King’s honour upon his own main stock, which many he tells me do"
L&M: The reference here is for perhaps principally to the expenses of Sandwich's embassy to Portugal: cf. https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/… and https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
About Friday 27 June 1662
Terry Foreman • Link
"So to my Lord, who rose as soon as he heard I was there; and in his nightgown and shirt stood talking with me alone two hours, I believe, concerning his greatest matters of state and interest. Among other things, that his greatest design is, first, to get clear of all debts to the King for the Embassy money, and then a pardon."
L&M: Sandwich, who had not troubled to take the free pardon offerd at the Restoration, was now granted a pardon in October 1662 for 'all treastons, etc. by him committed by him before 16 August last': Bodl. Clar. dep. c.406, p. 92; PRO, C66/30 II, no. 4. In his embassy to Portugal in 1661 (see https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/… and https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
He had received not only the normal grant to an ambassador (£5000 in this case) but also some of the dowry money paid on the Queen's behalf. On 31c December 1662 he was allowed to keep the 25,000 crusados for which he stood accountable, 'in recompense of his charges'. See CTB, i. 267, 496.
About Saturday 22 March 1661/62
Terry Foreman • Link
"We had a very fine dinner, and all our wives’ healths, with seven or nine guns apiece"
L&M: An even number signalled a funeral.
About Venice, Italy
Terry Foreman • Link
The Stato Màr
The Stato Màr da or Domini da Mar ("State/Domains of the Sea") was the name given to the Republic of Venice's maritime and overseas possessions from around 1000 to 1797, including at various times parts of what are now Istria, Dalmatia, Montenegro, Albania, Greece and notably the Ionian Islands, Peloponnese, Crete, Cyclades, Euboea, as well as Cyprus.[1]
It was one of the three subdivisions of the Republic of Venice's possessions, the other two being the Dogado, i.e. Venice proper, and the Domini di Terraferma in northern Italy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sta…
About Venice, Italy
Terry Foreman • Link
History of the Republic of Venice
The Republic of Venice (Venetian: Repùblica Vèneta; Italian: Repubblica di Venezia), traditionally known as the Most Serene Republic of Venice (Venetian: Serenìsima Repùblica Vèneta; Italian: Serenissima Repubblica di Venezia), was a sovereign state and maritime republic in northeastern Italy, which existed for a millennium between the 8th century and 1797.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/His…
About Friday 21 March 1661/62
Terry Foreman • Link
"....the great difference that hath been between my Lord Chancellor and my Lord of Bristol, about a proviso that my Lord Chancellor would have brought into the Bill for Conformity, that it shall be in the power of the King, when he sees fit, to dispense with the Act of Conformity; and though it be carried in the House of Lords, yet it is believed it will hardly pass in the Commons."
L&M: The Bill of Uniformity (ultimately passed on 19 May) was now being debated, and this was proviso, introduced by Clarendon, would have allowed, to those ministers who wanted it, freedom not to wear the surplice, and (in the baptismal service) freedom to omit the sign of the cross. It was one of the concessions to moderate Presbyterians which Clarendon now favored and which Bristol opposed in a series of bitter speeches on 19-21 March. The account of the Venetian Resident (21 March) is almost the same as Pepys's: 'Even if it should be carried by virtue of the authority of the Chancellor, who, though no Presbyterian, supports that party because it is strong, to have it on his side in case of need, there is not the smallest sign that it would be passed by the Commons, on account of the animosity of the majority there against the Presbyterians, and of their rancour against the Chancellor . . .': CSPVen. 1661-4, pp.134-5. The proviso passed the Lords on 9 April and was defeated in the Commons on the 22nd. For Clarendon's attitude, see G.R. Abernathy in Journ. Eccles. Hist., 11/55+.
About Friday 21 March 1661/62
Terry Foreman • Link
Wormwood
Artemisia absinthium (wormwood, grand wormwood, absinthe, absinthium, absinthe wormwood,[4] mugwort, wermout, wermud, wormit, wormod[5]) is a species of Artemisia native to temperate regions of Eurasia[6] and Northern Africa and widely naturalized in Canada and the northern United States.[7] It is grown as an ornamental plant and is used as an ingredient in the spirit absinthe as well as some other alcoholic beverages. (Large Glossary)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art…
About Sunday 16 March 1661/62
Terry Foreman • Link
"Here the King and Duke came to see their fowl play"
L&M: For the birds in the park, see https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
About Wednesday 12 March 1661/62
Terry Foreman • Link
"Sir W. Pen, talking to me this afternoon of what a strange thing it is for Downing to do this, he told me of a speech he made to the Lords States of Holland, telling them to their faces that he observed that he was not received with the respect and observance now, that he was when he came from the traitor and rebell Cromwell: by whom, I am sure, he hath got all he hath in the world, — and they know it too."
L&M: Since October 1661 Downing had refused to attend any conferences with the deputies of the States General because they denied him the courtesies which he claimed they had always in the past given to ambassadors, himself included. See his dispatches to Clarendon (25 October, and 8 November: Bodl., Clar. 105, ff. 86+, 108+), in which he blamed de Witt and the republicans. Downing had previously served in The Hague, 1657-60.
About Thursday 6 March 1661/62
Terry Foreman • Link
"Then home, where my Uncle Thomas (by promise and his son Tom) were come to give me his answer whether he would have me go to law or arbitracon with him,"
L&M: In the dispute over the Brampton inheritance, see https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
About Friday 28 February 1661/62
Terry Foreman • Link
Beckman's map.
As Mary posted (above), according to the L&M footnote, this map is still extant in the British Library (King's maps, CXVII, 78)
Sir Martin Beckman, British Museum
https://www.google.com/search?q=m…
About Wednesday 25 March 1668
Terry Foreman • Link
The 1668 Bawdy House Riots (also called the Messenger riots after rioter Peter Messenger) took place in 17th-century London over several days in March during Easter Week, 1668.[1] They were sparked by Dissenters who resented the King's proclamation against conventicles (private lay worship)[2] while turning a blind eye to the equally illegal brothels.[3] Thousands of young men besieged and demolished brothels throughout the East End, assaulting the prostitutes and looting the properties.[4] As the historian Tim Harris describes it:
"The riots broke out on Easter Monday, 23 March 1668, when a group attacked bawdy houses in Poplar. The next day crowds of about 500 pulled down similar establishments in Moorfields, East Smithfield, St Leonard's, Shoreditch, and also St Andrew's, Holborn, the main bawdy house districts of London. The final assaults came on Wednesday, mainly in the Moorfields area, one report claiming there were now 40,000 rioters - surely an exaggeration, but indicating that abnormally large numbers of people were involved. ... On all days the crowds were supposedly armed with 'iron bars, polaxes, long staves, and other weapons', presumably the sort of tools necessary for house demolition. The rioters organized themselves into regiments, headed by a captain, and marching behind colours."[5]
These were not the first anti-brothel riots in 17th-century London. Between 1603 and 1642, Shrove Tuesday riots (mostly involving attacks by apprentices on brothels and playhouses ostensibly to remove sources of temptation during Lent) had occurred at least twenty-four times.[6] They were to some degree tolerated and the people involved had rarely been punished severely.[7] However, the 1668 riots were different in both size and duration, involving thousands of people and lasting for several days.[8] In their aftermath, fifteen of the rioters were indicted for high treason, and four suspected ringleaders were convicted and hanged.[4]
Samuel Pepys recorded the events in his Diary on 24th[9] and 25th[10] March. He documented the attack on the property of brothel keeper Damaris Page, "the great bawd of the seamen", "the most Famous Bawd in the Towne."[11] She was a deeply unpopular figure because of her practice of press-ganging her dock worker clientele into the navy, and her bawdy house was an early target of the riots.[12] She appeared before a local magistrate, Robert Manley, as a victim of the riots who had lost significant property; she was one of the main witnesses brought against Robert Sharpless, a central instigator of the riots. Her evidence was notably given significant weight during the court case, despite her being an unmarried woman and a brothel keeper.[13]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baw…