Sack and sugar, and the aetiology of gout in England between 1650 and 1900 https://academic.oup.com/rheumato… "Falstaff, a character in several of Shakespeare’s plays, took the nickname of Sack and Sugar because of his love for this drink, and perhaps not surprisingly, developed gout in the play Henry IV."
...when Pepys says he is "trimmed," does that mean he shaves himself or that he is shaved by someone else -- a servant, "boy," or a real barber?"
Good question, Mountain Man. He last remarked on being trimmed 4/22/1600: "Up very early, and now beginning to be settled in my wits again, I went about setting down my last four days’ observations this morning. After that, was trimmed by a barber that has not trimmed me yet, my Spaniard being on shore."
He has not said who has trimmed him since then, but surely gets the best to be had where he is.
The history of St. Pauls cathedral in London, from its foundation untill these times: extracted out of originall charters. records. leiger books, and other manuscripts. Beautified with sundry prospects of the church, figures of tombes, and monuments by Dugdale, William, Sir, 1605-1686
Publication date 1658 Topics St. Paul's Cathedral (London, England), genealogy Publisher London, Printed by Tho. Warren Collection dukeulibbritromanticfiction; duke_libraries; americana Digitizing sponsor Duke University Libraries Contributor Duke University Libraries Language English Volume c.1 https://archive.org/details/histo…
ORDERED, That Colonel Wm. Hawley and Colonel Hercules Lowe, who (having been authorized by the Lords Committees for receiving Information concerning the King's Goods, Jewels, &c. to seize and secure such Goods and other Moveables belonging to the Crown as they should find to be concealed) have accordingly seized and secured sundry Goods belonging to the Crown, be, and are hereby, authorized and required to deliver to Mr. Kynnersley such of the said Goods now in their Custody as shall be of present Use for the Furnishing of His Majesty's Court at Whitehall.
Kem to deliver a Canopy of State to him. Whereas Mr. Henry Kem of Westm. hath in his Custody a Canopy of State belonging to the Crown, for which he hath really paid the Sum of Thirty Pounds, which Canopy of State is of present Use, for the furnishing His Majesty's Prefence Chamber, in His Court at Whitehall:
It is ORDERED, That Mr. Kynnersley do require and receive the said Canopy of State of Mr. Kem aforesaid, giving him his Receipt for the same, to the End the said Mr. Kem may be hereafter further satisfied.
A Message from the Lords, by Doctor Child, Mr. *, Two Masters of Chancery;
Mr. Speaker, The Lords desire a present Conference with this House about the Declaration, received this Morning, concerning the Rebellion of Ireland, in the Painted Chamber.
Resolved, That a Conference be presently had with the Lords upon the said Declaration: And that Mr. Finch, Sir John Temple, Mr. Annesley, Sir Anth. Irby, Lord Aungier, Col. Shapcott, Sir Edward Deering, be a Committee to manage this Conference.
The Messengers were again called in; and Mr. Speaker gave them this Answer;
The House hath considered of your Message; and they do agree to a Conference, as is desired, in the Painted Chamber.
Meanwhile in the House of Lords in Westminster - 5/26/1660
Message from H. C. with a Declaration for suppressing Troubles in Ireland.
https://www.british-history.ac.uk… A Message was brought from the House of Commons, by the Lord Angier; who brought up a Declaration for suppressing some Troubles in the Kingdom of Ireland, wherein they desire their Lordships Concurrence.
Read Twice.
The Answer returned was:
Answer. That this House will return an Answer by Messengers of their own.
Committee for preparing a Proclamation against the Rebels in Ireland. ORDERED, That a Proclamation be drawn up, to be sent to His Majesty, by the Advice of both Houses, to be issued in His Majesty's Name, to the same Effect.
And these Lords following were appointed to prepare the same, and report it to the House:
1 Comes Northumb. 6 Comes Portland. 2 Comes Bridgwater. 3 Comes Leycester. 4 Comes Denbigh. 5 Comes Berks. 7 Viscount Say & Seale. 1 Ds. Willoughby. 2 Ds. Paget. 3 Ds. Robertes. Justice Malet to assist.
Chapter Six ~~ Pecuniary Canons of Taste The caution has already been repeated more than once, that while the regulating norm of consumption is in large part the requirement of conspicuous waste, it must not be understood that the motive on which the consumer acts in any given case is this principle in its bald, unsophisticated form. Ordinarily his motive is a wish to conform to established usage, to avoid unfavorable notice and comment, to live up to the accepted canons of decency in the kind, amount, and grade of goods consumed, as well as in the decorous employment of his time and effort. In the common run of cases this sense of prescriptive usage is present in the motives of the consumer and exerts a direct constraining force, especially as regards consumption carried on under the eyes of observers. But a considerable element of prescriptive expensiveness is observable also in consumption that does not in any appreciable degree become known to outsiders—as, for instance, articles of underclothing, some articles of food, kitchen utensils, and other household apparatus designed for service rather than for evidence. In all such useful articles a close scrutiny will discover certain features which add to the cost and enhance the commercial value of the goods in question, but do not proportionately increase the serviceability of these articles for the material purposes which alone they ostensibly are designed to serve.
Bryan on 1 Apr 2013 • Link • Flag These diagrams are from A Ship of War, Cyclopaedia, 1728, Even though they were drawn nearly 70 years later I think they give a good idea of the ships Sam is sailing in.
The top diagram represents a third rate ship of the line, such as the Swiftsure (42 guns) in which Sam is currently sailing.
The Naseby (80 guns) is a first rate ship of the line similar to the lower diagram. Notice that the State Room (S) and the Ward Room (T) both have cannons in them. From the legend: "The State Room out of which the Bed Chamber and other Con...(illegible) for the Commander in Chief"; "The Ward Room. Allotted for Voluntier(?) and Land Officers".
Spoiler
There is also The Cuddy (R) just below the Poop Deck (P) "which is commonly divided for the Masters and Secretaries Officers". Would this be where our favorite secretary finds lodging?
Bryan on 1 Apr 2013 • Link • Flag These diagrams are from A Ship of War, Cyclopaedia, 1728, Even though they were drawn nearly 70 years later I think they give a good idea of the ships Sam is sailing in.
The top diagram represents a third rate ship of the line, such as the Swiftsure (42 guns) in which Sam is currently sailing.
The Naseby (80 guns) is a first rate ship of the line similar to the lower diagram. Notice that the State Room (S) and the Ward Room (T) both have cannons in them. From the legend: "The State Room out of which the Bed Chamber and other Con...(illegible) for the Commander in Chief"; "The Ward Room. Allotted for Voluntier(?) and Land Officers".
Spoiler
There is also The Cuddy (R) just below the Poop Deck (P) "which is commonly divided for the Masters and Secretaries Officers". Would this be where our favorite secretary finds lodging?
Letter to the King, to congratulate His safe Landing, &c.
ORDERED, That these Lords following are appointed, to draw up a Letter to be sent to His Majesty, to express the great Sense of this House for His Majesty's safe Landing; to know His Pleasure, both for Time and Place, where this House may wait upon Him; and desire Him to consult His own Safety, for the Manner of His Return:
Comes Northumb. Comes South'ton. Comes Bridgwater. Comes Denbigh. Ds. Robertes. Ds. Seymour.
Letter from the Lords who went to wait on the King.
"My Lord," We have delivered the Letter and Message intrusted to us by the House of Peers, and found a most gracious Reception from His Majesty, who is pleased to declare (which we desire your Lordship to communicate to the House), That He intends to part from hence on Monday next, being the 21th of this Month, to land at Dover; and, after a short Stay at Canterbury, to continue His Journey to London, and there to reside with His Court at Whitehall. This we are commanded to impart to your Lordship from His Majesty, and remain"Your Lordship'sHagh, the 17th May, 1660. Most humble Servants, Oxford. Middlesex. Vis. Hereford. Berkeley. Brooke. To the Right Honourable the Earl of Manchester, Speaker of the House of Peers."
ORDERED, That the Committee for the King's Reception do meet this Afternoon; and to consider what is fit for the present to be done, to receive His Majesty.
Mr. Annesly, Lord President, reports from the Council of State, an Estimate of the Charge of several Particulars, necessary to be provided for the Accommodating of his Majesty, and the Dukes of Yorke and Gloucester; viz. An ESTIMATE of the Charge of making up of a rich Cloth of State, with a Chair, Three Stools, and Two Cushions, out of an old Canopy of State, and some imperfect Furniture of a Crimson Velvet Bed suitable, £.s.d. Will amount unto the Sum of about 200-- For repairing of an old Chair of State, with Three Stools suitable to it20-- For repairing, with some Additions, of the rich incarnate Velvet Bed, being for the Reception of his Majesty, before the other can be made10-- For a Counterpoint to it, which will contain Thirty Yards of Cloth of Silver, lined with Bays and Taffaty Sarsenet46-- Three Pair of Fine Fustian Blankets1610-For Twelve new Fustian and Holland Quilts for his Majesty's incarnate Velvet Bed, and the Two Dukes Beds48-- For Three Pair of the best Spanish Blankets for those Beds12--For Three large fine round Down Bolsters9--For Three necessary Stools of Velvet for those Beds30--For Three French Tables for those Beds318-For Thirty Pallet Beds, of the largest Size, for the two Dukes; Thirty Tapestry Counterpoints, and Thirty Pair of Blankets630-- Twelve Pair of Fine Holland Sheets for the Dukes of Yorke and Gloucester own Beds17216- For Making and Washing these Twelve Pair of Sheets612- For Sixty Pair of Sheets, for Thirty Pallet Beds aforesaid, will cost26710- For Making and Washing these Sixty Pair of Sheets6-- For Twelve Pounds of sweet Powder to put to the whole Provision of Sheets3-- For Ten Damask Curtains, containing 240 Yards of Damask, and lined with Fustian, and Making, with Rings and Tape to them240--Total £.1,7216- Which was read and approved of. Ordered, That it be referred to the Council of State, to take care, that the same be provided accordingly.
Leave to attend the King. Ordered, That the Lord General Moncke have the Leave of this House to go and attend his Majesty at his Landing, at such Time as he shall please: And that the like Leave be given to such other Members of this House, as he shall desire to accompany him.
House of Lords today 5/22/1660
Lords Leave to meet the King. D. Bucks, E. Newport, E. Peterburgh, have Leave to go and meet His Majesty for a few Days. E. Rivers, Viscount Conway, L. Maynard, E. of Shrewsbury, E. Lyndsey, hath Leave to attend His Majesty for a few Days, and will return to attend this House with their Lordships.
A knot garden is a garden of formal design in a square frame, consisting of a variety of aromatic plants and culinary herbs including germander, marjoram, thyme, southernwood, lemon balm, hyssop, costmary, acanthus, mallow, chamomile, rosemary, Calendula, Viola and Santolina. Most knot gardens now have edges made from box (Buxus sempervirens), which is easily cut into desired shapes, like dense miniature hedges, and stays green during winters when not all of the "filling" plants are visible or attractive. The paths in between are usually laid with fine gravel. However, the original designs of knot gardens did not have the low box hedges, and knot gardens with such hedges might more accurately be called parterres. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kno…
A parterre is a part of a formal garden constructed on a level substrate, consisting of symmetrical patterns, made up by plant beds, low hedges or coloured gravels, which are separated and connected by paths. Typically it was the part of the garden nearest the house, perhaps after a terrace.[1] The view of it from inside the house, especially from the upper floors, was a major consideration in its design. The word "parterre" was and is used both for the whole part of the garden containing parterres and for each individual section between the "alleys". https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par…
Comments
Third Reading
About Saturday 2 June 1660
Terry Foreman • Link
Sack and sugar, and the aetiology of gout in England between 1650 and 1900
https://academic.oup.com/rheumato…
"Falstaff, a character in several of Shakespeare’s plays, took the nickname of Sack and Sugar because of his love for this drink, and perhaps not surprisingly, developed gout in the play Henry IV."
About Saturday 2 June 1660
Terry Foreman • Link
Sam Ursu raises a good point: what form(s) would sugar in Pepys's time have taken aboard ship?
About Wednesday 30 May 1660
Terry Foreman • Link
Better link: Flattering speech from the Lords to the King and his reply
https://www.british-history.ac.uk…
About Monday 28 May 1660
Terry Foreman • Link
P.S. I think if he "shaved himself", he'd have said "trimmed myself".
About Monday 28 May 1660
Terry Foreman • Link
...when Pepys says he is "trimmed," does that mean he shaves himself or that he is shaved by someone else -- a servant, "boy," or a real barber?"
Good question, Mountain Man. He last remarked on being trimmed 4/22/1600: "Up very early, and now beginning to be settled in my wits again, I went about setting down my last four days’ observations this morning. After that, was trimmed by a barber that has not trimmed me yet, my Spaniard being on shore."
He has not said who has trimmed him since then, but surely gets the best to be had where he is.
About Tuesday 29 May 1660
Terry Foreman • Link
The history of St. Pauls cathedral in London, from its foundation untill these times: extracted out of originall charters. records. leiger books, and other manuscripts. Beautified with sundry prospects of the church, figures of tombes, and monuments
by Dugdale, William, Sir, 1605-1686
Publication date 1658
Topics St. Paul's Cathedral (London, England), genealogy
Publisher London, Printed by Tho. Warren
Collection dukeulibbritromanticfiction; duke_libraries; americana
Digitizing sponsor Duke University Libraries
Contributor Duke University Libraries
Language English
Volume c.1 https://archive.org/details/histo…
About Saturday 26 May 1660
Terry Foreman • Link
House of Lords - 5/26/1600
King's Goods, &c. that have been seized, to be delivered to Kynnesley.
https://www.british-history.ac.uk…
ORDERED, That Colonel Wm. Hawley and Colonel Hercules Lowe, who (having been authorized by the Lords Committees for receiving Information concerning the King's Goods, Jewels, &c. to seize and secure such Goods and other Moveables belonging to the Crown as they should find to be concealed) have accordingly seized and secured sundry Goods belonging to the Crown, be, and are hereby, authorized and required to deliver to Mr. Kynnersley such of the said Goods now in their Custody as shall be of present Use for the Furnishing of His Majesty's Court at Whitehall.
Kem to deliver a Canopy of State to him.
Whereas Mr. Henry Kem of Westm. hath in his Custody a Canopy of State belonging to the Crown, for which he hath really paid the Sum of Thirty Pounds, which Canopy of State is of present Use, for the furnishing His Majesty's Prefence Chamber, in His Court at Whitehall:
It is ORDERED, That Mr. Kynnersley do require and receive the said Canopy of State of Mr. Kem aforesaid, giving him his Receipt for the same, to the End the said Mr. Kem may be hereafter further satisfied.
Adjourn.
House adjourned till 5a post meridiem.
About Saturday 26 May 1660
Terry Foreman • Link
House of Commons - 5/26/1660
Irish Rebellion.
https://www.british-history.ac.uk…
A Message from the Lords, by Doctor Child, Mr. *, Two Masters of Chancery;
Mr. Speaker, The Lords desire a present Conference with this House about the Declaration, received this Morning, concerning the Rebellion of Ireland, in the Painted Chamber.
Resolved, That a Conference be presently had with the Lords upon the said Declaration: And that Mr. Finch, Sir John Temple, Mr. Annesley, Sir Anth. Irby, Lord Aungier, Col. Shapcott, Sir Edward Deering, be a Committee to manage this Conference.
The Messengers were again called in; and Mr. Speaker gave them this Answer;
The House hath considered of your Message; and they do agree to a Conference, as is desired, in the Painted Chamber.
About Saturday 26 May 1660
Terry Foreman • Link
Meanwhile in the House of Lords in Westminster - 5/26/1660
Message from H. C. with a Declaration for suppressing Troubles in Ireland.
https://www.british-history.ac.uk…
A Message was brought from the House of Commons, by the Lord Angier; who brought up a Declaration for suppressing some Troubles in the Kingdom of Ireland, wherein they desire their Lordships Concurrence.
Read Twice.
The Answer returned was:
Answer.
That this House will return an Answer by Messengers of their own.
Committee for preparing a Proclamation against the Rebels in Ireland.
ORDERED, That a Proclamation be drawn up, to be sent to His Majesty, by the Advice of both Houses, to be issued in His Majesty's Name, to the same Effect.
And these Lords following were appointed to prepare the same, and report it to the House:
1 Comes Northumb.
6 Comes Portland.
2 Comes Bridgwater.
3 Comes Leycester.
4 Comes Denbigh.
5 Comes Berks. 7 Viscount Say & Seale.
1 Ds. Willoughby.
2 Ds. Paget.
3 Ds. Robertes.
Justice Malet to assist.
About Saturday 26 May 1660
Terry Foreman • Link
Thorstein Veblen, The Theory of the Leisure Class
Chapter Six ~~ Pecuniary Canons of Taste
The caution has already been repeated more than once, that while the regulating norm of consumption is in large part the requirement of conspicuous waste, it must not be understood that the motive on which the consumer acts in any given case is this principle in its bald, unsophisticated form. Ordinarily his motive is a wish to conform to established usage, to avoid unfavorable notice and comment, to live up to the accepted canons of decency in the kind, amount, and grade of goods consumed, as well as in the decorous employment of his time and effort. In the common run of cases this sense of prescriptive usage is present in the motives of the consumer and exerts a direct constraining force, especially as regards consumption carried on under the eyes of observers. But a considerable element of prescriptive expensiveness is observable also in consumption that does not in any appreciable degree become known to outsiders—as, for instance, articles of underclothing, some articles of food, kitchen utensils, and other household apparatus designed for service rather than for evidence. In all such useful articles a close scrutiny will discover certain features which add to the cost and enhance the commercial value of the goods in question, but do not proportionately increase the serviceability of these articles for the material purposes which alone they ostensibly are designed to serve.
https://www.gutenberg.org/files/8…
[ scroll down for the paragraph on the dog]
About Royal Charles (was Naseby)
Terry Foreman • Link
Bryan on 1 Apr 2013 • Link • Flag
These diagrams are from A Ship of War, Cyclopaedia, 1728, Even though they were drawn nearly 70 years later I think they give a good idea of the ships Sam is sailing in.
The top diagram represents a third rate ship of the line, such as the Swiftsure (42 guns) in which Sam is currently sailing.
The Naseby (80 guns) is a first rate ship of the line similar to the lower diagram. Notice that the State Room (S) and the Ward Room (T) both have cannons in them. From the legend: "The State Room out of which the Bed Chamber and other Con...(illegible) for the Commander in Chief"; "The Ward Room. Allotted for Voluntier(?) and Land Officers".
Spoiler
There is also The Cuddy (R) just below the Poop Deck (P) "which is commonly divided for the Masters and Secretaries Officers". Would this be where our favorite secretary finds lodging?
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wiki…
About The Swiftsure
Terry Foreman • Link
Bryan on 1 Apr 2013 • Link • Flag
These diagrams are from A Ship of War, Cyclopaedia, 1728, Even though they were drawn nearly 70 years later I think they give a good idea of the ships Sam is sailing in.
The top diagram represents a third rate ship of the line, such as the Swiftsure (42 guns) in which Sam is currently sailing.
The Naseby (80 guns) is a first rate ship of the line similar to the lower diagram. Notice that the State Room (S) and the Ward Room (T) both have cannons in them. From the legend: "The State Room out of which the Bed Chamber and other Con...(illegible) for the Commander in Chief"; "The Ward Room. Allotted for Voluntier(?) and Land Officers".
Spoiler
There is also The Cuddy (R) just below the Poop Deck (P) "which is commonly divided for the Masters and Secretaries Officers". Would this be where our favorite secretary finds lodging?
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wiki…
About Thursday 24 May 1660
Terry Foreman • Link
Meanwhile in the House of Lords -- 5/24/1660
https://www.british-history.ac.uk…
Letter to the King, to congratulate His safe Landing, &c.
ORDERED, That these Lords following are appointed, to draw up a Letter to be sent to His Majesty, to express the great Sense of this House for His Majesty's safe Landing; to know His Pleasure, both for Time and Place, where this House may wait upon Him; and desire Him to consult His own Safety, for the Manner of His Return:
Comes Northumb.
Comes South'ton.
Comes Bridgwater.
Comes Denbigh.
Ds. Robertes.
Ds. Seymour.
About Wednesday 23 May 1660
Terry Foreman • Link
House of Lords -- 5/23/1600
https://www.british-history.ac.uk…
Letter from the Lords who went to wait on the King.
"My Lord,"
We have delivered the Letter and Message intrusted to us by the House of Peers, and found a most gracious Reception from His Majesty, who is pleased to declare (which we desire your Lordship to communicate to the House), That He intends to part from hence on Monday next, being the 21th of this Month, to land at Dover; and, after a short Stay at Canterbury, to continue His Journey to London, and there to reside with His Court at Whitehall.
This we are commanded to impart to your Lordship from His Majesty, and remain"Your Lordship'sHagh, the 17th May, 1660.
Most humble Servants,
Oxford.
Middlesex.
Vis. Hereford.
Berkeley.
Brooke.
To the Right Honourable the Earl of Manchester, Speaker of the House of Peers."
....https://www.british-history.ac.uk/lords-jrnl/vol11/pp38-39#h3-0008
King's Reception.
https://www.british-history.ac.uk…
ORDERED, That the Committee for the King's Reception do meet this Afternoon; and to consider what is fit for the present to be done, to receive His Majesty.
About Wednesday 23 May 1660
Terry Foreman • Link
Meanwhile in Parliament in England
House of Commons -- 5/23/1600
https://www.british-history.ac.uk…
The King's Accommodation.
Mr. Annesly, Lord President, reports from the Council of State, an Estimate of the Charge of several Particulars, necessary to be provided for the Accommodating of his Majesty, and the Dukes of Yorke and Gloucester; viz.
An ESTIMATE of the Charge of making up of a rich Cloth of State, with a Chair, Three Stools, and Two Cushions, out of an old Canopy of State, and some imperfect Furniture of a Crimson Velvet Bed suitable, £.s.d. Will amount unto the Sum of about 200--
For repairing of an old Chair of State, with Three Stools suitable to it20--
For repairing, with some Additions, of the rich incarnate Velvet Bed, being for the Reception of his Majesty, before the other can be made10--
For a Counterpoint to it, which will contain Thirty Yards of Cloth of Silver, lined with Bays and Taffaty Sarsenet46--
Three Pair of Fine Fustian Blankets1610-For Twelve new Fustian and Holland Quilts for his Majesty's incarnate Velvet Bed, and the Two Dukes Beds48--
For Three Pair of the best Spanish Blankets for those Beds12--For Three large fine round Down Bolsters9--For Three necessary Stools of Velvet for those Beds30--For Three French Tables for those Beds318-For Thirty Pallet Beds, of the largest Size, for the two Dukes; Thirty Tapestry Counterpoints, and Thirty Pair of Blankets630--
Twelve Pair of Fine Holland Sheets for the Dukes of Yorke and Gloucester own Beds17216-
For Making and Washing these Twelve Pair of Sheets612-
For Sixty Pair of Sheets, for Thirty Pallet Beds aforesaid, will cost26710-
For Making and Washing these Sixty Pair of Sheets6--
For Twelve Pounds of sweet Powder to put to the whole Provision of Sheets3--
For Ten Damask Curtains, containing 240 Yards of Damask, and lined with Fustian, and Making, with Rings and Tape to them240--Total £.1,7216-
Which was read and approved of. Ordered, That it be referred to the Council of State, to take care, that the same be provided accordingly.
About Tuesday 22 May 1660
Terry Foreman • Link
House of Commons today 5/22/1660
Leave to attend the King.
Ordered, That the Lord General Moncke have the Leave of this House to go and attend his Majesty at his Landing, at such Time as he shall please: And that the like Leave be given to such other Members of this House, as he shall desire to accompany him.
House of Lords today 5/22/1660
Lords Leave to meet the King.
D. Bucks,
E. Newport,
E. Peterburgh, have Leave to go and meet His Majesty for a few Days.
E. Rivers, Viscount Conway,
L. Maynard,
E. of Shrewsbury,
E. Lyndsey, hath Leave to attend His Majesty for a few Days, and will return to attend this House with their Lordships.
About Sunday 20 May 1660
Terry Foreman • Link
"took occasion, from her ring which she wore on her first finger, to kiss her hand, but had not the face to offer anything more. "
"face"
5 impudence; boldness:
https://www.dictionary.com/browse…
About Friday 18 May 1660
Terry Foreman • Link
Vermeer "View of Delft"
https://www.google.com/search?q=%…
About Friday 18 May 1660
Terry Foreman • Link
Knot garden
A knot garden is a garden of formal design in a square frame, consisting of a variety of aromatic plants and culinary herbs including germander, marjoram, thyme, southernwood, lemon balm, hyssop, costmary, acanthus, mallow, chamomile, rosemary, Calendula, Viola and Santolina. Most knot gardens now have edges made from box (Buxus sempervirens), which is easily cut into desired shapes, like dense miniature hedges, and stays green during winters when not all of the "filling" plants are visible or attractive. The paths in between are usually laid with fine gravel. However, the original designs of knot gardens did not have the low box hedges, and knot gardens with such hedges might more accurately be called parterres.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kno…
A parterre is a part of a formal garden constructed on a level substrate, consisting of symmetrical patterns, made up by plant beds, low hedges or coloured gravels, which are separated and connected by paths. Typically it was the part of the garden nearest the house, perhaps after a terrace.[1] The view of it from inside the house, especially from the upper floors, was a major consideration in its design. The word "parterre" was and is used both for the whole part of the garden containing parterres and for each individual section between the "alleys". https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par…
About Tuesday 15 May 1660
Terry Foreman • Link
That annote yesterday was Paul Brewster's.