Peter, thank you for this wonderful "note"! It has the feel and the documentation to render it authoritative to me and to many other readers, I am sure. Special are your photos, intermingled with references in the Diary; among the former, esp. the photo of the Baptismal Font. The 1714 engraving of the Navy Office, Crutched Friars, looks like I supposed it. Again, thank you for this!
Meanwhile in Salem Village in the Massachusetts Bay Colony:
'Convulsive ergotism may have been a physiological basis for the Salem witchcraft crisis in 1692' (and of other witchcraft cases there, 1648-1706). The hypothesis in inverted commas is the subtitle of a crucial paper by Linnda R. Caporael, published in the prestigious journal *Science,* Vol. 192 (2 April 1976): http://web.utk.edu/~kstclair/221/…
The 18th was also the century of chemistry, in which lead poisoning was proposed as the cause of symptoms of a syndrome.
The so-called "Devon colic" first reported in 1655 was hypothesized as due to "lead...used in the cider making process both as a component of the cider presses and in the form of lead shot which was used to clean them." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devo…
[Side note: "The movie is based on a play by Alan Bennett called "The Madness of George III". The popular story in the UK is that the movie's title is different from that of the play because it was thought the American audience might mistake it for a sequel. While not wholly true, director Nicholas Hytner has confirmed that it was "not wholly untrue" and it is now widely held that this almost certainly did play a part in the titling of the film."] http://www.imdb.com/title/tt01104…
A. Hamilton, here's evidence of Sam's walking this route at all times, both alone and with a companion, but no armed guards: http://www.gyford.com/cgi-sys/cgi…
Mary, it is also the case that the BBC Online's Thames Tour of Rotherhithe's Stage 6, The Mayflower pub http://www.bbc.co.uk/london/conte… includes some historical mis-information, esp. the canard that the Pilgrims who set sail from there "were the first permanent European settlers in America." When I was in elementary school in Southern California, we learned that the Spanish had colonized portions of the Americas a century earlier. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Span…
(Does this evidence a problem with the identity of *Europe*? Surely not!)
In Arabic it is called "Ethiopian bird" and in Greek it is gallopoula which means "French girl" or "French bird." -- that, much of the above and images of turkeys at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turk…
"I was forced to begin an ill practice of bringing down the wages of servants, for which people did curse me, which I do not love."
L&M note: "Details of the pay are in PRO, Adm. 20/4, pp. 78+. A savings of £100 was made on the previous quarter: ib., pp. 75+.”
Which did Mr. Pepys not love — the “ill practice” or that “people did curse [him]” for it? What “forced” him to do it, if, as L&M’s note suggests, there was profit to the Navy Office in it?
It's hard not to see some of these acts as poor law indeed, as Shawn Laasch has shown;
And poverty-levels were driven early and late by the loss of commons as Xjy reminds us, by so-called Inclosure [sic] Acts http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encl…
"I have 30l. to pay to the cavaliers" was among Sam’s laments two eves ago.
A surcharge on the incomes of present office-holders were distributed to “indigent officers who had served in the King's forces” (L&M).
Jeannine, I don’t know if it fits what you mean by “charity” — Charity was always a Christan virtue, though practices and arrangements for it varied (no simple answer to cover all Catholics or all Protestants). Perhaps Australian Susan can say something on this score.
Interestingly in countries where shari’ah is the law, e.g. Saudi Arabia, the obligation of *zakah* on assets which redistributes wealth. http://zakat.al-islam.com/eng/
BACKWELL, Edward Ald Bishopsgate, 13 Jan 1659/60- 13 Jun 1661, disch, F £720 (1) Co Co Langborn, 1676-81 'The Unicorn', Exchange Alley, Lombard Street, 1650, 1672, St Mary Woolnoth, 1652-81, dwelling house in Mark Lane, AH Barking, by 1676 (2) GOLD, appr, 1635, to Thomas VYNER, fr, 1651, PW, 1660 (3) d 13 Jun 1683, bur St Mary Woolnoth, re-bur Tyringham, Bucks (4) Will copy in CRO dated 29 Dec 1679 (5) f Barnaby Backwell of Backwell, Som, m Jane, da of John Temple of Burton Dassett, Warw, and -, Bucks, esq, mar (A) 1657, at St Andrew Undershaft, Sarah, da of - Brett, merchant, (B) Mary, da of Richard Leigh of - Warw (6) Goldsmith, banker, and State financier to Cromwell and Charles II (7) He had £295,995 involved in Stop of Exchequer, 1672 This was paid back at the rate of £17,759 3s 8d p a He possibly broke in 1682 EIC stock £2,000, RAC stocks £1,000 of original stock, 1671 (8) City property, land Bucks, Hunts (9) MP Wendover, 1672/3 (unseated), 1679-81 (10) Commsr for Lieut, 1660, 1676, 1681 Son John (mar only da of Sir Edward Tyringham), MP Wendover, 1689-90, 1695, 1698 G's Tyringham Backwell mar da (? Elizabeth) of Francis CHILD (11)
(1) Beaven, I, p 40 (2) Heal, London Goldsmiths, p 98, Hilton Price, Handbook, p 182, Boyd 15726, VBk, St Mary Woolnoth, will, will of Henry MOSSE (3) Beaven, II, p 90, GOLD, Appr Reg, I, f 300, Index of Appr (4) Boyd 15726 (5) CRO, Deed 121 5 There is no indication of court or date of probate (6) DNB, Boyd 15726 (7) No attempt can be made here to indicate the scope of Backwell's financial activities R D Richards, Economic History, III (1928), pp 334-55, surveys some sources for a study of Backwell's dealings There is an article in DNB Backwell's ledgers are now in the possession of Messrs Glyn-Mills, the London bankers See S Pepys, Diary, passim (8) DNB, will, R D Richards, loc cit (9) Will, see VCH, Buckinghamshire, II, p 324, III, pp 337-8, IV, p 482, for some of his Bucks property (10) Lipscombe, Buckinghamshire, II, p 478+n, Beaven, II, p 90 (11) Beaven, II, p 187, DNB, will of Francis CHILD, Boyd 15726
From: ‘Backwell - Byfield’, The Rulers of London 1660-1689: A biographical record of the Aldermen and Common Councilment of the City of London (1966), pp. 21-42. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/…. Date accessed: 18 September 2005.
MEYNELL, Francis Ald Aldersgate, 7 Feb 1659/60-17 Dec 1663 removed to Cordwainer-6 Oct 1666 (d) (1) Lombard Street, by 1650-66, St Mary Woolnoth, 1652, Broad Street, post-Fire, Tooting, Surr (2) GOLD, not of L, Oct 1660 (3) d 6 Oct 1666, bur Tooting, Surr (4) Will pr in Court of Delegates, Dec 1667, and PCC 23 Drax pr, 5 Feb 1682/3 f Godfrey Meynell of Willington, Derbs, gent, m Dorothy, da of John Whitehaugh of Whitechapel, Middx, mar Sarah (4) Goldsmith and banker A corner stone of government finance Combined with Edward BACKWELL and Thomas and Robert VYNER in specific government loans His personal estate took ten years to call in (5) Land Derbs, Kent, Berks, Notts (6) Sheriff, 1661-2 (7) Bro of Richard MEYNELL Bro Isaac Maynell continued the business in Lombard Street after the Fire (8) (1) Beaven, I, pp 6, 118 (2) Heal, London Goldsmiths, p 205 Hilton Price, Old Lombard Street, p 110, will (3) Beaven, I, p 6, TLMAS, VI, pp 30-1 (4) Boyd 2223 (5) Heal, London Goldsmiths, p 205 See Cal Treas Bks, I, II, passim, CSB, II, 75, 112b, 242b, 382, III, 20b-23, IV, 32 Invs give an indication of the scope of his lending (6) Will (7) Beaven, I, p 6 (8) Will of Richard MEYNELL, Heal, London Goldsmiths, p 205
From: 'Maycock - Mynne', The Rulers of London 1660-1689: A biographical record of the Aldermen and Common Councilment of the City of London (1966), pp. 101-19. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/…. Date accessed: 18 September 2005.
SP doesn't record how he dined; was it again "alone"?
That seems to be consistent with the mood of this day's entry: when with others, his mood brighten; when alone, it darkens, esp. as he takes inventory of what troubles him -- as Robert Gertz has noted.
(d. 1673). Chancery official. He had succeeded Edward Phillips in his post in the Crown Office after Phillip's death in 1631: shortly afterwards he married Phillips's widow, Anne, sister of John Milton. In 1660 he was appointed Clerk of Appeals." L&M Companion, 5.
Comments
First Reading
About Sunday 21 September 1662
Terry F • Link
"a sermon in Portuguese; which I not understanding, did go away"
L&M note: "In 1667 Pepys managed to understand some of a sermon in Portuguese...."
To see how that comes about will be interesting, I wot!
(From you in the know, NO SPOILERS, please.)
About Samuel Pepys and Fleet Street
Terry F • Link
Peter, thank you for this wonderful "note"! It has the feel and the documentation to render it authoritative to me and to many other readers, I am sure.
Special are your photos, intermingled with references in the Diary; among the former, esp. the photo of the Baptismal Font.
The 1714 engraving of the Navy Office, Crutched Friars, looks like I supposed it.
Again, thank you for this!
About Saturday 20 September 1662
Terry F • Link
Meanwhile in Salem Village in the Massachusetts Bay Colony:
'Convulsive ergotism may have been a physiological basis for the Salem witchcraft crisis in 1692' (and of other witchcraft cases there, 1648-1706).
The hypothesis in inverted commas is the subtitle of a crucial paper by Linnda R. Caporael, published in the prestigious journal *Science,* Vol. 192 (2 April 1976): http://web.utk.edu/~kstclair/221/…
About Saturday 20 September 1662
Terry F • Link
Thank you, JWB for a convincing case;
I had followed my own lead and strayed WAY off-topic.
About Saturday 20 September 1662
Terry F • Link
The 18th was also the century of chemistry, in which lead poisoning was proposed as the cause of symptoms of a syndrome.
The so-called "Devon colic" first reported in 1655 was hypothesized as due to "lead...used in the cider making process both as a component of the cider presses and in the form of lead shot which was used to clean them." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devo…
About Saturday 20 September 1662
Terry F • Link
Lead was also used in the making of ammunition, ceramics, glass, plumbing and, of course, roofing.
About Saturday 20 September 1662
Terry F • Link
Bradford, L&M do not try to clarify the madness of the tradesmen.
Since it's too early for the use of mercuric nitrate to make felt hats (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merc… ), I was wondering if there were not something like lead that was involved, as it was in "The Madness of King George [III])" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead
[Side note: "The movie is based on a play by Alan Bennett called "The Madness of George III". The popular story in the UK is that the movie's title is different from that of the play because it was thought the American audience might mistake it for a sequel. While not wholly true, director Nicholas Hytner has confirmed that it was "not wholly untrue" and it is now widely held that this almost certainly did play a part in the titling of the film."] http://www.imdb.com/title/tt01104…
About Friday 19 September 1662
Terry F • Link
A. Hamilton, here's evidence of Sam's walking this route at all times, both alone and with a companion, but no armed guards: http://www.gyford.com/cgi-sys/cgi…
About Friday 19 September 1662
Terry F • Link
Mary, it is also the case that the BBC Online's Thames Tour of Rotherhithe's Stage 6, The Mayflower pub http://www.bbc.co.uk/london/conte… includes some historical mis-information, esp. the canard that the Pilgrims who set sail from there "were the first permanent European settlers in America."
When I was in elementary school in Southern California, we learned that the Spanish had colonized portions of the Americas a century earlier. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Span…
(Does this evidence a problem with the identity of *Europe*? Surely not!)
About Friday 19 September 1662
Terry F • Link
"At night...I [ate] a cold pullet"
Pullet
- fryer: flesh of a medium-sized young chicken suitable for frying
- young hen usually less than a year old
http://wordnet.princeton.edu/perl…
About Turkey
Terry F • Link
"Turkey" in still more languages
In Arabic it is called "Ethiopian bird" and in Greek it is gallopoula which means "French girl" or "French bird." -- that, much of the above and images of turkeys at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turk…
About Friday 19 September 1662
Terry F • Link
Did Mr. Pepys take insufficient funds with him, surely knowing ahead of time how many men were due what?
Puzzling biz.
About Friday 19 September 1662
Terry F • Link
"I was forced to begin an ill practice of bringing down the wages of servants, for which people did curse me, which I do not love."
L&M note: "Details of the pay are in PRO, Adm. 20/4, pp. 78+. A savings of £100 was made on the previous quarter: ib., pp. 75+.”
Which did Mr. Pepys not love — the “ill practice” or that “people did curse [him]” for it? What “forced” him to do it, if, as L&M’s note suggests, there was profit to the Navy Office in it?
About Thursday 18 September 1662
Terry F • Link
Poor Law Acts, 1536 et sqq.:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poor…
It's hard not to see some of these acts as poor law indeed, as Shawn Laasch has shown;
And poverty-levels were driven early and late by the loss of commons as Xjy reminds us, by so-called Inclosure [sic] Acts http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encl…
About Thursday 18 September 1662
Terry F • Link
"I have 30l. to pay to the cavaliers" was among Sam’s laments two eves ago.
A surcharge on the incomes of present office-holders were distributed to “indigent officers who had served in the King's forces” (L&M).
Jeannine, I don’t know if it fits what you mean by “charity” — Charity was always a Christan virtue, though practices and arrangements for it varied (no simple answer to cover all Catholics or all Protestants). Perhaps Australian Susan can say something on this score.
Interestingly in countries where shari’ah is the law, e.g. Saudi Arabia, the obligation of *zakah* on assets which redistributes wealth. http://zakat.al-islam.com/eng/
About Thursday 18 September 1662
Terry F • Link
Re the two pearls of great price:
L&M note: "The story has not been traced elsewhere. For the famine see [April 9]."
About Ald. Edward Backwell
Terry F • Link
BACKWELL, Edward
Ald Bishopsgate, 13 Jan 1659/60- 13 Jun 1661, disch, F £720 (1) Co Co Langborn, 1676-81 'The Unicorn', Exchange Alley, Lombard Street, 1650, 1672, St Mary Woolnoth, 1652-81, dwelling house in Mark Lane, AH Barking, by 1676 (2) GOLD, appr, 1635, to Thomas VYNER, fr, 1651, PW, 1660 (3) d 13 Jun 1683, bur St Mary Woolnoth, re-bur Tyringham, Bucks (4) Will copy in CRO dated 29 Dec 1679 (5) f Barnaby Backwell of Backwell, Som, m Jane, da of John Temple of Burton Dassett, Warw, and -, Bucks, esq, mar (A) 1657, at St Andrew Undershaft, Sarah, da of - Brett, merchant, (B) Mary, da of Richard Leigh of - Warw (6) Goldsmith, banker, and State financier to Cromwell and Charles II (7) He had £295,995 involved in Stop of Exchequer, 1672 This was paid back at the rate of £17,759 3s 8d p a He possibly broke in 1682 EIC stock £2,000, RAC stocks £1,000 of original stock, 1671 (8) City property, land Bucks, Hunts (9) MP Wendover, 1672/3 (unseated), 1679-81 (10) Commsr for Lieut, 1660, 1676, 1681 Son John (mar only da of Sir Edward Tyringham), MP Wendover, 1689-90, 1695, 1698 G's Tyringham Backwell mar da (? Elizabeth) of Francis CHILD (11)
(1) Beaven, I, p 40 (2) Heal, London Goldsmiths, p 98, Hilton Price, Handbook, p 182, Boyd 15726, VBk, St Mary Woolnoth, will, will of Henry MOSSE (3) Beaven, II, p 90, GOLD, Appr Reg, I, f 300, Index of Appr (4) Boyd 15726 (5) CRO, Deed 121 5 There is no indication of court or date of probate (6) DNB, Boyd 15726 (7) No attempt can be made here to indicate the scope of Backwell's financial activities R D Richards, Economic History, III (1928), pp 334-55, surveys some sources for a study of Backwell's dealings There is an article in DNB Backwell's ledgers are now in the possession of Messrs Glyn-Mills, the London bankers See S Pepys, Diary, passim (8) DNB, will, R D Richards, loc cit (9) Will, see VCH, Buckinghamshire, II, p 324, III, pp 337-8, IV, p 482, for some of his Bucks property (10) Lipscombe, Buckinghamshire, II, p 478+n, Beaven, II, p 90 (11) Beaven, II, p 187, DNB, will of Francis CHILD, Boyd 15726
From: ‘Backwell - Byfield’, The Rulers of London 1660-1689: A biographical record of the Aldermen and Common Councilment of the City of London (1966), pp. 21-42. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/…. Date accessed: 18 September 2005.
About Ald. Francis Maynell
Terry F • Link
MEYNELL, Francis
Ald Aldersgate, 7 Feb 1659/60-17 Dec 1663 removed to Cordwainer-6 Oct 1666 (d) (1) Lombard Street, by 1650-66, St Mary Woolnoth, 1652, Broad Street, post-Fire, Tooting, Surr (2) GOLD, not of L, Oct 1660 (3) d 6 Oct 1666, bur Tooting, Surr (4) Will pr in Court of Delegates, Dec 1667, and PCC 23 Drax pr, 5 Feb 1682/3 f Godfrey Meynell of Willington, Derbs, gent, m Dorothy, da of John Whitehaugh of Whitechapel, Middx, mar Sarah (4) Goldsmith and banker A corner stone of government finance Combined with Edward BACKWELL and Thomas and Robert VYNER in specific government loans His personal estate took ten years to call in (5) Land Derbs, Kent, Berks, Notts (6) Sheriff, 1661-2 (7) Bro of Richard MEYNELL Bro Isaac Maynell continued the business in Lombard Street after the Fire (8)
(1) Beaven, I, pp 6, 118 (2) Heal, London Goldsmiths, p 205 Hilton Price, Old Lombard Street, p 110, will (3) Beaven, I, p 6, TLMAS, VI, pp 30-1 (4) Boyd 2223 (5) Heal, London Goldsmiths, p 205 See Cal Treas Bks, I, II, passim, CSB, II, 75, 112b, 242b, 382, III, 20b-23, IV, 32 Invs give an indication of the scope of his lending (6) Will (7) Beaven, I, p 6 (8) Will of Richard MEYNELL, Heal, London Goldsmiths, p 205
From: 'Maycock - Mynne', The Rulers of London 1660-1689: A biographical record of the Aldermen and Common Councilment of the City of London (1966), pp. 101-19. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/…. Date accessed: 18 September 2005.
About Tuesday 16 September 1662
Terry F • Link
SP doesn't record how he dined; was it again "alone"?
That seems to be consistent with the mood of this day's entry: when with others, his mood brighten; when alone, it darkens, esp. as he takes inventory of what troubles him -- as Robert Gertz has noted.
Likely not an early or restful sleep this night.
About Thomas Agar
Terry F • Link
(d. 1673). Chancery official. He had succeeded Edward Phillips in his post in the Crown Office after Phillip's death in 1631: shortly afterwards he married Phillips's widow, Anne, sister of John Milton. In 1660 he was appointed Clerk of Appeals."
L&M Companion, 5.