"If Pepys mother and father are still living in Salisbury Court near St Brides church (are they?) then he passes their house every day on his way to work, surely he could stop off for a few minutes."
Yes they are still living at Salisbury Court, and no he doesn't pass them on his way to work every day any more. He falls out of bed, stumbles downstairs holding his aching head, swallows some small beer, and tries to walk a straight line to the office which is either across the garden/yard, or around the corner, according to which door he leaves by.
If he's going to Westminster or Whitehall by himself, he usually goes to the Thames and takes a boat. Coaches are expensive, and he usually shares them, and others would not take kindly to having to wait while he pops in for a "how's things' chat.
"The Duke of York did go to-day by break of day to the Downs."
The Princess Mary had taken a liking to the Roman Catholic Henry Jermyn, in 1658. It sparked a feud between her and Charles II who didn’t consider the upstart good enough for his sister (plus it took her off the diplomatic marriage registry): Mary Stuart, Princess of Orange, in her turn, poured out her wrath to Lady Katharine Stanhope, wife of Herr van Heenvliet, asserting that her brother ’had ruined her fame; that if he were in his kingdom he could not make her satisfaction; that hereafter she would never have anything to do with him, what change soever should be in his or her fortune; that she was no more his subject, nor would be; that she was a free woman, and might marry, or have kindness for whom she pleased, without demanding anybody's leave; that she would not deny she was pleased with Henry ’the little’ Jermyn's love, and that she had a kindness for him.'
FROM: THE TRAVELS OF THE KING – page 374 1658 DECEMBER
Now it’s 2 years later. I am wondering if Henry Jermyn was on the ship bringing Princess Mary of Orange to England.
Luckily, I found my own helpful annotation: During the Interregnum, Henry Jermyn, nephew of Harry Jermyn, Earl of St. Albans, obtained a post in the household of James, Duke of York. Despite strong disapproval by Charles II, he became James' Master of the Horse at the Restoration, and rode in the 1661 Coronation. https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
I have a feeling Henry suggested to James that being the first to welcome his sister home was a good idea. And, of course, Jermyn would be beaming over James’ shoulder.
I’m glad Mary had a little fun. She was so good to the Stuart brothers during their exiles, and the Dutch really didn’t like her. Her's wasn't an easy life.
Pepys must have heard that Henry, Duke of Gloucester's doctors were expecting him to recover from the smallpox.
Recent Charles II has been exploring the possibility that Henry might marry the Prince of Condé's niece. (Anyone know who that was? Google tells me about Conde's daughter, not his niece.) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henr…
Another Wikipedia disagrees: Charles II planned to betroth Henry to Princess Wilhelmine Ernestine of Denmark to reinforce the English-Danish maritime alliance, and King Frederick III of Denmark also agreed to the marriage, but the prince's early death prevented this union.
Henry's death led to the throne eventually being passed to William III and Mary II — the children of Henry's older sister and older brother, respectively, and later to the House of Hanover. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hen…
Of course, both reports may be correct -- young Gloucester was a pawn in the diplomatic marriage market, and you can never have too many choices -- the main diplomatic consideration being what was better: being closer to Protestant Denmark or being closer to Catholic France?
Today, Charles II makes official what had been taken for granted for 19 years:
13 May, 1660 (Age 19) Prince Henry officially created as the Earl of Cambridge and Duke of Gloucester. Note: he had been using the title of Duke of Gloucester unofficially since his birth in July, 1640. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henr…
"Southwark Fair [engraving] by William Hogarth, 1733 (Old Style) / 1734 (New Style). The following description is taken from: Hogarth W, Trusler J, Hogarth J, Nichols J (1833) The Works of William Hogarth: In a Series of Engravings With Descriptions, and a Comment on Their Moral Tendency, London: Jones, p. 110. ..."
I.E. IN 1734 Hogarth chose to represent the Southwark Fair as one that afforded great variety; especially as, before its suppression, it was devoted to everything loose and "irregular" -- and we can guess what that meant, knowing the Georgians. Stuart promiscuity was nothing compared to the Georgians.
In 1660 there must have been prostitution, of course, and country lasses who came to London to learn new skills and ran out of money before learning anything, so they had a choice between starvation and the oldest profession.
Besides those two 1660 provisos, coming as they were out of the Presbyterian quarter century, with Quakerism and other non-conformist beliefs still on the rise, things would have been much tamer at the Southwark Fair. There would also have been Christmas gifts, and jugglers, tightrope walkers, dog fights, horses and chickens for sale, sillouette artists, shoe stalls, etc. etc. etc.
Please don't believe Mr. Hogath, who loved to document depravity, which sold lots of his engravings! He didn't illustrate the mid-17th century dirty and chaotic Southwark Fair.
"The Gazette says Lambert then tried to parlay, but this went nowhere and "the Conference only came to the resolution of voiding the dispute by the arms" [vüider le différant par les armes", hard to translate but you see what I mean]. This led two more of Lambert's companions to change sides: Cols. Barther and another Rump celeb, Alured. The Mercurius lists neither of them among "those taken with Colonel Lambertt"; well, they weren't "taken"."
"... on the 4th of January 1660, L&M noted a reference to "my Lord's troop" with the following "Appointed to the command of a regiment of horse in September 1659, Montagu had been dismissed on the fall of Richard Cromwell in the following spring [so Montagu could go to the Baltic - SDS]. His men were now commanded by Col. Matthew Alured MP, but Pepys (who was taken on as colonel's secretary without performing any function - a fairly common practice) ... still referred to the regiment as 'my Lord's'."
Col. Matthew Alured MP doesn't have a Pepys Encyclopedia page, so I put in a couple of posts about his 1659/60 activities at https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
L&M: Thomas [SYMONS], surgeon "to Alured's regiment (formerly Montagu's);
"... on the 4th of January 1660, L&M noted a reference to "my Lord's troop" with the following "Appointed to the command of a regiment of horse in September 1659, Montagu had been dismissed on the fall of Richard Cromwell in the following spring. His men were now commanded by Col. Matthew Alured, but Pepys (who has taken on as colonel's secretary without performing any function - a fairly common practice) ... still referred to the regiment as 'my Lord's'."
Col. Matthew Alured MP doesn't have a Pepys Encyclopedia page, so I put in a couple of posts about his 1659/60 activities at https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
"... on the 4th of January 1660, L&M noted a reference to "my Lord's troop" with the following "Appointed to the command of a regiment of horse in September 1659, Montagu had been dismissed on the fall of Richard Cromwell in the following spring. His men were now commanded by Col. Matthew Alured, but Pepys (who has taken on as colonel's secretary without performing any function - a fairly common practice) ... still referred to the regiment as 'my Lord's'."
Col. Matthew Alured doesn't have a Pepys Encyclopedia page, so I put in a couple of posts about his 1659/60 activities at https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
THIS IS A SPOILER, BUT I FORGOT TO WARN YOU ALREADY! SORRY: "[Col. Matthew Alured] was prominent in opposing the short-lived military regime, supported the returning Rump and Monck in the opening months of 1660, although Monck was clearly suspicious of him and removed him from command on the eve of the Restoration."
Could this mean Col. Matthew Alured joined Col. Lambert's short-lived Easter Day, 22 April, 1660 Rebellion? https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
'The Gazette says Lambert then tried to parlay, but this went nowhere and "the Conference only came to the resolution of voiding the dispute by the arms" [vüider le différant par les armes, hard to translate but you see what I mean]. This led two more of Lambert's companions to change sides: Cols. Barther and another Rump celeb, Alured. The Mercurius lists neither of them among "those taken with Colonel Lambertt"; ...' https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
There was "a Rump celebrity named [Col.] Alured" there, and we have a choice of 3 Alured officers (Matthew, Laurence and Lancelot) from Oliver's days, who might have been involved; it's impossible to tell, but this misadventure seems to be right up Col. Matthew Alured MP's alley, in which case why didn't the Gazette specify his involvement in Lambert's disaster? Possibly Monck only held Matthew guilty by association? https://www.british-history.ac.uk…
I'd appreciate anyone who knows to fill in the details -- possibly not as another spoiler but at the correct Diary time!
Col. Matthew Alured MP doesn't have a Pepys page, so I found this on the BCW Project:
Col. Matthew Alured From The Cromwell Association Online Directory of Parliamentarian Army Officers -- where you'll find info about 5 Alureds at:https://www.british-history.ac.uk/no-series/cromwell-army-officers/surnames-a
I am so grateful so many people have found documents to make all this rich information available to us via Google! The resources are enormous.
Matthew Alured (baptised 1615, died 1694) Younger son of Henry Alured (c. 1581-1628) of Sculcoates, Yorkshire (East Riding) and his wife Frances Vaughan. Brother of Col. John Alured and Lt. Col. Christopher Alured. Commissioned a lieutenant of horse in July 1642 and by the end of the month was a captain of horse in the earl of Essex’s Army, probably taking part in the Edgehill campaign. At some point he left Essex’s Army and returned north, as by Apr. 1644 Alured was a colonel of horse in the Fairfaxes’ Yorkshire Army, and later in the Northern Army, and retained his rank until the disbandment of his regiment in Feb. 1646.
In 1648 and 1650 he was commissioned colonel of foot in the Yorkshire militia, and in Aug. 1650 returned to the regular army when he was given command of a Yorkshire regiment raised by George Gill (Gill alleged that charges against him, which led to the loss of his regiment, were falsified in order for Alured to secure the colonelcy) intended for service in Scotland under Cromwell. He continued serving in Scotland after Cromwell had departed, but in spring 1654 Alured was cashiered for making speeches and petitioning against the Lord Protector and subsequently imprisoned.
He was elected MP to the third (Richard Cromwell’s) Protectorate Parliament and joined republicans in denouncing the regime. He was restored to the army and to a colonelcy [of Montagu's Regiment when he was sent to the Baltic - SDS] by the returning Rump. He continued to support the Rump in autumn 1659, for which he was dismissed by the clutch of senior officers who ejected him once again. He was prominent in opposing the short-lived military regime, supported the returning Rump and Monck in the opening months of 1660, although Monck was clearly suspicious of him and removed him from command on the eve of the Restoration. He was pardoned, although losing some of his lands, at the Restoration and was briefly imprisoned on suspicion of disaffection several times during the 1660s. He seems to have spent his last years living quietly in East Yorkshire. [But as he lived until 1694, there must be more to this tale! - SDS]
References: Oxford DNB; Jones 367-8; Firth and Davies, Regimental History, 2, 462-5; CSPD, 1650, 506; HoP: The Commons, 1640-1660 (but it costs a lot! - SDS). http://wiki.bcw-project.org/commo…
Maybe this "news" is why Major Hart came to visit at 10 p.m. on August 27 -- just to prepare Pepys for his loss of income? https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
L&M: Sandwich's regiment ... was disbanded in November. ... The order in which the regiments were disbanded was determined by lots drawn in full Privy Council in the presence of the King; in this case on 28 September. ... Sandwich was among the last regiments paid off. Pepys as colonel's Secretary and Muster-Master (at any rate in name) was paid for each muster." We'll here about this again on the 17th of November 1660.
So the "news" had been known for about 2 weeks that Charles II and the Privy Council were to draw lots for the many Trained Band Regimental dates of discharge. That the drawing was going to happen on 28 September is therefore possibly the news brought today by Major Hart.
You can see here an engraving from 1616 which shows a view as Pepys would have mostly seen it. It helps to click on it to enlarge it: https://shakespeares-sonnets.com/…
The view is from Southwark looking north across the Thames to the City of London. On the bottom left is the edge of Southwark Cathedral. The "Bear" is the pale building next to London Bridge on the left of the road. The large building on the other side of the Thames on the right is the Tower of London which is close to Seething Lane. Tower Stairs were an important set of stairs to the river. They were adjacent to the Tower of London and they were to the east of London Bridge, therefore if you were travelling to places along the east of the Thames (e.g. Greenwich) by using Tower Stairs you would avoid having to pass through the narrow arches of London Bridge, where the fast flow of water through a narrow gap was always a risk. They were close to both the Tower and Seething Lane.
Note a couple of things about London Bridge: one is how narrow its arches are, which makes the passage of water difficult and risky -- people who dared to sail under it called the experience "shooting the Bridge".
Another point of interest unknowable these days is seeing the heads of executed criminals and traitors on long poles on the top of London Bridge gatehouse just by the "Bear".
But see how much undeveloped land was behind The City's Wall. Much of that would be housing and factories and market gardens in Pepys' day.
In the 1650s the Cavaliers wrote a ballad about sailing into exile from The Bear:
"Farewell Bridge Foot and Bear thereby, And those bald pates that stand so high, We wish it from our very souls, That other heads were on those poles."
3. Cookery. A "joint" consisting of the whole or part of the backbone of an animal, with the adjoining flesh. The application varies much according to the animal; in mutton it is the "saddle"; in beef any part of the back (ribs or sirloin).
c1340 Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1354 Syen sunder ay e sydez swyft fro e chyne [of a deer]. 1556 in W. H. Turner Sel. Rec. Oxford 260 Item, payed for a chyne of freshe salmon. 1592 Nobody & Someb. (1878) 289 Yeomen...Whose long backs bend with weightie chynes of biefe. a1764 in Dodsley Coll. Poems VI. 257 Chickens and a chine of lamb. 1796 H. GLASSE Cookery ii. 7 In a sheep...the two loins together is called a chine or saddle of mutton. 1823 F. COOPER Pioneers ix, A prodigious chine of roasted bear’s meat.
There's a lengthy conversation about the London Trained Bands, The Honourable Artillery Company which trained their officers, and their disbandment at https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
It's worth remembering that the Army and Trained Bands being paid off had been loyal to Cromwell and are the remenants of the New Model Army.
The one Charles II plans to keep are the Royalists he brought home. He needs them, safely out of sight, so they are easy to recall home if things blow up. The crown may sit on his head, but it was far from glued on. Right now he plans to send a significant number of the Royalist soldiers to Dunkirk.
This kind of gridlock was particularly unwelcome to MPs attempting to make their way into the palace of Westminster. The area around New Palace Yard seems to have been particularly prone to jams, making it hard for Lords and MPs to make their way through and into the palace complex. It is thus no great surprise that keeping the ways around the palace clear was something that preoccupied the members with some regularity.
At the beginning of each new session of Parliament, both Houses turned their attentions briefly to standard orders before getting down to debating the monarch's speech. Most importantly, it was a way of asserting their independence, but it also enabled them to ensure that recurrent nuisances were dealt with.
For the Lords, one of their first pieces of business, once the monarch's speech had been attended to, was the renewal of the order for preventing 'Stoppages in the Streets'. The repeated line was that there were so many hackney carriages and other vehicles cluttering up the areas around Westminster making it hard for Lords to fight their way into their chamber. There seems to have been no particular concern about the ordure that must have been a feature of life as the horses did their business waiting for their next round. The problem was of convenience, not environment. ...
Of course, it was not just Westminster that experienced problems from congestion and from the at times ill-tempered conduct of coachmen hurrying their vehicles around. In the City of London, the Bank of England was wedged into a narrow system of streets where 'a perpetual conflux of Wheel-Carriages of all kinds' proved particularly obstructive and got in the way of people going about their business. [Cockayne 174] While efforts were made to redirect traffic away from customary fairs and markets, the conditions for London's pedestrians remained trying for much of the period as the weight of traffic continued to increase.
The solution, according to Gay, was to embrace pedestrianism, armed with a trusty walking stick:
"If the strong cane support thy walking hand, Chairmen no longer shall the wall command; E’en sturdy car-men shall thy nod obey, And rattling coaches stop to make thee way…" -- John Gay, Trivia (1716)
More with purely 18th century connotations (whereas most of the above probably were becoming problems, and horse droppings were and evermore will be problems), see https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/…
Infirmation about traffic in London 100 years later, it seems much caused by hackney coaches:
In the course of the 18th century, Britain’s towns became increasingly congested with private carriages as well as a variety of carts, drays and hackney coaches going about their business. For pedestrians it could make negotiating the streets a nightmare. For MPs, keeping the ways around Westminster unclogged proved an uphill battle. ...
In the spring of 1749 Earl Fitzwalter's accounts recorded him taking possession of a new landau, the ultra-fashionable, low-slung convertible carriage, which had become very popular with elite society. His new wheels cost Fitzwalter £100, in addition to trading in his old landau, which the coach-maker valued at just £12. This was far from Fitzwalter's only vehicle. A few years earlier, he had treated himself to a new chariot, which cost him half the price of the landau, and his account books note other conveyances, including chairs, for use by him, his countess and other members of the household.
As one of London's elite, Fitzwalter was typical in ensuring that he had the means to get around the capital, and travel to and from his estates, in style. For less wealthy members of society there were hackney carriages, stage coaches and post-chaises, while plenty of those engaged in trade had a variety of carts and wagons to help them with their businesses.
What all of this meant was that the streets of London and other towns and cities were often crowded and filthy. One commentator, William King, described how London was 'pestered with Hackney Coaches and insolent carmen' and equated the whole effect to 'Hell upon earth'. It was not just the hackney carriages charging along the streets that made the place unnerving. There was also the resulting pollution. The horses left mounds of excrement, while the vehicles cast mud, ordure and 'beer-froth' onto the unwary foot-traveller walking beside the road. For a pedestrian like the poet John Gay, who described the experience of trudging the streets of London in his poetic series Trivia (1716) the place could be both thrilling and disturbing in equal measure. [Brant and Whyman, 2, 90]
Increased numbers of vehicles, unsurprisingly, resulted in traffic jams. In the 1750s, Joseph Massie noted that the area around Charing Cross became particularly bad when Parliament was sitting and during the corresponding legal terms in the courts:
Religion Colne Priory was founded in the parish by Aubrey de Vere I in about 1103-4 and was dedicated to St. Mary and St. John the Evangelist for monks of the Benedictine order from Abingdon Abbey, Berkshire. The monastery was surrendered to Henry VIII by the prior on 3 July 1534.
The parish church is dedicated to St. Andrew. The date of the original church is probably earlier than 1100. The current church was built between 1313 and 1360; the tower was started in 1460 and completed in 1534. A notable vicar was Ralph Josselin, who was instituted in 1641 and held the post until his death in 1683. ...
Notable people and events • Thomas Audley (1488–1544), 1st Baron Audley of Walden, Lord Chancellor to Henry VIII of England • Rev. Thomas Shepard (1605–1649), assistant schoolmaster at Earls Colne Grammar School who emigrated and became a founder of Harvard University • Rev. Ralph Josselin (1616–1683), vicar, diarist • Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton (1786–1845), 1st Baronet, MP and campaigner for the 1833 Act abolishing slavery in the British Colonies
November 2015, the picturesque village of Earls Colne in the scenic Colne Valley, 3-1/2 miles from Halstead and 10 miles from Colchester, was judged the ‘Best in Essex’ in a Country Life survey of commuter hotspots with easy access to London. The same survey saw Grade II-listed Colne Priory, set in 24 acres of immaculate gardens and grounds on the banks of the River Colne, judged Earls Colne’s best address … It was the last of a series of manor houses built on the site of a Benedictine priory founded by the de Vere family, Earls of Oxford, in the early 12th century, the remains of which lie buried under lawn in the grounds of Colne Priory ...
Following the dissolution of the medieval Colne Priory in 1536, its land and buildings were granted to John de Vere, 15th Earl of Oxford, who demolished the priory church and built a manor house on the site.
In 1583, the 17th Earl, Edward de Vere, a spendthrift, sold the manor of Earls Colne to his steward, Roger Harlakenden, whose son, Richard, bought the adjoining manor of Colne Priory in 1592. Colne Priory remained in the Harlakenden family until 1672, when it passed by marriage to the Androwes family.
Comments
Third Reading
About Friday 14 September 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
"If Pepys mother and father are still living in Salisbury Court near St Brides church (are they?) then he passes their house every day on his way to work, surely he could stop off for a few minutes."
Yes they are still living at Salisbury Court, and no he doesn't pass them on his way to work every day any more. He falls out of bed, stumbles downstairs holding his aching head, swallows some small beer, and tries to walk a straight line to the office which is either across the garden/yard, or around the corner, according to which door he leaves by.
If he's going to Westminster or Whitehall by himself, he usually goes to the Thames and takes a boat. Coaches are expensive, and he usually shares them, and others would not take kindly to having to wait while he pops in for a "how's things' chat.
About Tuesday 11 September 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
"The Duke of York did go to-day by break of day to the Downs."
The Princess Mary had taken a liking to the Roman Catholic Henry Jermyn, in 1658. It sparked a feud between her and Charles II who didn’t consider the upstart good enough for his sister (plus it took her off the diplomatic marriage registry):
Mary Stuart, Princess of Orange, in her turn, poured out her wrath to Lady Katharine Stanhope, wife of Herr van Heenvliet, asserting that her brother ’had ruined her fame; that if he were in his kingdom he could not make her satisfaction; that hereafter she would never have anything to do with him, what change soever should be in his or her fortune; that she was no more his subject, nor would be; that she was a free woman, and might marry, or have kindness for whom she pleased, without demanding anybody's leave; that she would not deny she was pleased with Henry ’the little’ Jermyn's love, and that she had a kindness for him.'
FROM: THE TRAVELS OF THE KING – page 374
1658 DECEMBER
Now it’s 2 years later. I am wondering if Henry Jermyn was on the ship bringing Princess Mary of Orange to England.
Luckily, I found my own helpful annotation:
During the Interregnum, Henry Jermyn, nephew of Harry Jermyn, Earl of St. Albans, obtained a post in the household of James, Duke of York. Despite strong disapproval by Charles II, he became James' Master of the Horse at the Restoration, and rode in the 1661 Coronation.
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
I have a feeling Henry suggested to James that being the first to welcome his sister home was a good idea. And, of course, Jermyn would be beaming over James’ shoulder.
SPOILER: There is a rumor that they married on her deathbed – but it’s only a rumor.
http://anthonyadolph.co.uk/harry-…
I’m glad Mary had a little fun. She was so good to the Stuart brothers during their exiles, and the Dutch really didn’t like her. Her's wasn't an easy life.
About Tuesday 11 September 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
"The Duke of Gloucester ill."
Pepys must have heard that Henry, Duke of Gloucester's doctors were expecting him to recover from the smallpox.
Recent Charles II has been exploring the possibility that Henry might marry the Prince of Condé's niece. (Anyone know who that was? Google tells me about Conde's daughter, not his niece.)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henr…
Another Wikipedia disagrees: Charles II planned to betroth Henry to Princess Wilhelmine Ernestine of Denmark to reinforce the English-Danish maritime alliance, and King Frederick III of Denmark also agreed to the marriage, but the prince's early death prevented this union.
Henry's death led to the throne eventually being passed to William III and Mary II — the children of Henry's older sister and older brother, respectively, and later to the House of Hanover.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hen…
Of course, both reports may be correct -- young Gloucester was a pawn in the diplomatic marriage market, and you can never have too many choices -- the main diplomatic consideration being what was better: being closer to Protestant Denmark or being closer to Catholic France?
About Sunday 13 May 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
Today, Charles II makes official what had been taken for granted for 19 years:
13 May, 1660 (Age 19) Prince Henry officially created as the Earl of Cambridge and Duke of Gloucester. Note: he had been using the title of Duke of Gloucester unofficially since his birth in July, 1640.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henr…
About Monday 10 September 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
"Southwark Fair [engraving] by William Hogarth, 1733 (Old Style) / 1734 (New Style).
The following description is taken from: Hogarth W, Trusler J, Hogarth J, Nichols J (1833) The Works of William Hogarth: In a Series of Engravings With Descriptions, and a Comment on Their Moral Tendency, London: Jones, p. 110. ..."
I.E. IN 1734 Hogarth chose to represent the Southwark Fair as one that afforded great variety; especially as, before its suppression, it was devoted to everything loose and "irregular" -- and we can guess what that meant, knowing the Georgians. Stuart promiscuity was nothing compared to the Georgians.
In 1660 there must have been prostitution, of course, and country lasses who came to London to learn new skills and ran out of money before learning anything, so they had a choice between starvation and the oldest profession.
Besides those two 1660 provisos, coming as they were out of the Presbyterian quarter century, with Quakerism and other non-conformist beliefs still on the rise, things would have been much tamer at the Southwark Fair.
There would also have been Christmas gifts, and jugglers, tightrope walkers, dog fights, horses and chickens for sale, sillouette artists, shoe stalls, etc. etc. etc.
Please don't believe Mr. Hogath, who loved to document depravity, which sold lots of his engravings! He didn't illustrate the mid-17th century dirty and chaotic Southwark Fair.
About Friday 27 April 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
"The Gazette says Lambert then tried to parlay, but this went nowhere and "the Conference only came to the resolution of voiding the dispute by the arms" [vüider le différant par les armes", hard to translate but you see what I mean]. This led two more of Lambert's companions to change sides: Cols. Barther and another Rump celeb, Alured. The Mercurius lists neither of them among "those taken with Colonel Lambertt"; well, they weren't "taken"."
"... on the 4th of January 1660, L&M noted a reference to "my Lord's troop" with the following "Appointed to the command of a regiment of horse in September 1659, Montagu had been dismissed on the fall of Richard Cromwell in the following spring [so Montagu could go to the Baltic - SDS]. His men were now commanded by Col. Matthew Alured MP, but Pepys (who was taken on as colonel's secretary without performing any function - a fairly common practice) ... still referred to the regiment as 'my Lord's'."
Col. Matthew Alured MP doesn't have a Pepys Encyclopedia page, so I put in a couple of posts about his 1659/60 activities at
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
About Sunday 9 June 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
L&M: Thomas [SYMONS], surgeon "to Alured's regiment (formerly Montagu's);
"... on the 4th of January 1660, L&M noted a reference to "my Lord's troop" with the following "Appointed to the command of a regiment of horse in September 1659, Montagu had been dismissed on the fall of Richard Cromwell in the following spring. His men were now commanded by Col. Matthew Alured, but Pepys (who has taken on as colonel's secretary without performing any function - a fairly common practice) ... still referred to the regiment as 'my Lord's'."
Col. Matthew Alured MP doesn't have a Pepys Encyclopedia page, so I put in a couple of posts about his 1659/60 activities at
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
About Sunday 9 September 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
"... on the 4th of January 1660, L&M noted a reference to "my Lord's troop" with the following "Appointed to the command of a regiment of horse in September 1659, Montagu had been dismissed on the fall of Richard Cromwell in the following spring. His men were now commanded by Col. Matthew Alured, but Pepys (who has taken on as colonel's secretary without performing any function - a fairly common practice) ... still referred to the regiment as 'my Lord's'."
Col. Matthew Alured doesn't have a Pepys Encyclopedia page, so I put in a couple of posts about his 1659/60 activities at
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
About Wednesday 4 January 1659/60
San Diego Sarah • Link
THIS IS A SPOILER, BUT I FORGOT TO WARN YOU ALREADY! SORRY:
"[Col. Matthew Alured] was prominent in opposing the short-lived military regime, supported the returning Rump and Monck in the opening months of 1660, although Monck was clearly suspicious of him and removed him from command on the eve of the Restoration."
Could this mean Col. Matthew Alured joined Col. Lambert's short-lived Easter Day, 22 April, 1660 Rebellion?
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
'The Gazette says Lambert then tried to parlay, but this went nowhere and "the Conference only came to the resolution of voiding the dispute by the arms" [vüider le différant par les armes, hard to translate but you see what I mean]. This led two more of Lambert's companions to change sides: Cols. Barther and another Rump celeb, Alured. The Mercurius lists neither of them among "those taken with Colonel Lambertt"; ...'
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
There was "a Rump celebrity named [Col.] Alured" there, and we have a choice of 3 Alured officers (Matthew, Laurence and Lancelot) from Oliver's days, who might have been involved; it's impossible to tell, but this misadventure seems to be right up Col. Matthew Alured MP's alley, in which case why didn't the Gazette specify his involvement in Lambert's disaster? Possibly Monck only held Matthew guilty by association?
https://www.british-history.ac.uk…
I'd appreciate anyone who knows to fill in the details -- possibly not as another spoiler but at the correct Diary time!
About George Monck (Duke of Albemarle)
San Diego Sarah • Link
A detailed description of how Monck aided the Restoration and was raised to the nobility on May 30, 1660
https://www.generalmonck.com/biog…
About Maj.-Gen. John Lambert
San Diego Sarah • Link
A biography and notes about his family, and every battle Col. John Lambert fought, is at
https://kirkbymalham.info/KMI/cal…
About Wednesday 4 January 1659/60
San Diego Sarah • Link
Col. Matthew Alured MP doesn't have a Pepys page, so I found this on the BCW Project:
Col. Matthew Alured
From The Cromwell Association Online Directory of Parliamentarian Army Officers -- where you'll find info about 5 Alureds at:https://www.british-history.ac.uk/no-series/cromwell-army-officers/surnames-a
I am so grateful so many people have found documents to make all this rich information available to us via Google! The resources are enormous.
Matthew Alured (baptised 1615, died 1694) Younger son of Henry Alured (c. 1581-1628) of Sculcoates, Yorkshire (East Riding) and his wife Frances Vaughan.
Brother of Col. John Alured and Lt. Col. Christopher Alured.
Commissioned a lieutenant of horse in July 1642 and by the end of the month was a captain of horse in the earl of Essex’s Army, probably taking part in the Edgehill campaign.
At some point he left Essex’s Army and returned north, as by Apr. 1644 Alured was a colonel of horse in the Fairfaxes’ Yorkshire Army,
and later in the Northern Army, and retained his rank until the disbandment of his regiment in Feb. 1646.
In 1648 and 1650 he was commissioned colonel of foot in the Yorkshire militia,
and in Aug. 1650 returned to the regular army when he was given command of a Yorkshire regiment raised by George Gill (Gill alleged that charges against him, which led to the loss of his regiment, were falsified in order for Alured to secure the colonelcy) intended for service in Scotland under Cromwell.
He continued serving in Scotland after Cromwell had departed,
but in spring 1654 Alured was cashiered for making speeches and petitioning against the Lord Protector and subsequently imprisoned.
He was elected MP to the third (Richard Cromwell’s) Protectorate Parliament and joined republicans in denouncing the regime.
He was restored to the army and to a colonelcy [of Montagu's Regiment when he was sent to the Baltic - SDS] by the returning Rump.
He continued to support the Rump in autumn 1659, for which he was dismissed by the clutch of senior officers who ejected him once again.
He was prominent in opposing the short-lived military regime, supported the returning Rump and Monck in the opening months of 1660, although Monck was clearly suspicious of him and removed him from command on the eve of the Restoration.
He was pardoned, although losing some of his lands, at the Restoration and was briefly imprisoned on suspicion of disaffection several times during the 1660s.
He seems to have spent his last years living quietly in East Yorkshire. [But as he lived until 1694, there must be more to this tale! - SDS]
References: Oxford DNB; Jones 367-8;
Firth and Davies, Regimental History, 2, 462-5; CSPD, 1650, 506;
HoP: The Commons, 1640-1660 (but it costs a lot! - SDS).
http://wiki.bcw-project.org/commo…
About Sunday 9 September 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
Maybe this "news" is why Major Hart came to visit at 10 p.m. on August 27 -- just to prepare Pepys for his loss of income?
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
L&M: Sandwich's regiment ... was disbanded in November. ... The order in which the regiments were disbanded was determined by lots drawn in full Privy Council in the presence of the King; in this case on 28 September. ... Sandwich was among the last regiments paid off. Pepys as colonel's Secretary and Muster-Master (at any rate in name) was paid for each muster." We'll here about this again on the 17th of November 1660.
So the "news" had been known for about 2 weeks that Charles II and the Privy Council were to draw lots for the many Trained Band Regimental dates of discharge. That the drawing was going to happen on 28 September is therefore possibly the news brought today by Major Hart.
About Bear (Bridge foot)
San Diego Sarah • Link
You can see here an engraving from 1616 which shows a view as Pepys would have mostly seen it. It helps to click on it to enlarge it:
https://shakespeares-sonnets.com/…
The view is from Southwark looking north across the Thames to the City of London.
On the bottom left is the edge of Southwark Cathedral.
The "Bear" is the pale building next to London Bridge on the left of the road.
The large building on the other side of the Thames on the right is the Tower of London which is close to Seething Lane.
Tower Stairs were an important set of stairs to the river. They were adjacent to the Tower of London and they were to the east of London Bridge, therefore if you were travelling to places along the east of the Thames (e.g. Greenwich) by using Tower Stairs you would avoid having to pass through the narrow arches of London Bridge, where the fast flow of water through a narrow gap was always a risk. They were close to both the Tower and Seething Lane.
Note a couple of things about London Bridge: one is how narrow its arches are, which makes the passage of water difficult and risky -- people who dared to sail under it called the experience "shooting the Bridge".
Another point of interest unknowable these days is seeing the heads of executed criminals and traitors on long poles on the top of London Bridge gatehouse just by the "Bear".
But see how much undeveloped land was behind The City's Wall. Much of that would be housing and factories and market gardens in Pepys' day.
In the 1650s the Cavaliers wrote a ballad about sailing into exile from The Bear:
"Farewell Bridge Foot and Bear thereby,
And those bald pates that stand so high,
We wish it from our very souls,
That other heads were on those poles."
About Chine
San Diego Sarah • Link
chine -- OED:
3. Cookery.
A "joint" consisting of the whole or part of the backbone of an animal, with the adjoining flesh. The application varies much according to the animal; in mutton it is the "saddle"; in beef any part of the back (ribs or sirloin).
c1340 Gaw. & Gr. Knt.
1354 Syen sunder ay e sydez swyft fro e chyne [of a deer].
1556 in W. H. Turner Sel. Rec. Oxford 260 Item, payed for a chyne of freshe salmon.
1592 Nobody & Someb. (1878) 289 Yeomen...Whose long backs bend with weightie chynes of biefe.
a1764 in Dodsley Coll. Poems VI. 257 Chickens and a chine of lamb.
1796 H. GLASSE Cookery ii. 7 In a sheep...the two loins together is called a chine or saddle of mutton.
1823 F. COOPER Pioneers ix, A prodigious chine of roasted bear’s meat.
About Traineband
San Diego Sarah • Link
There's a lengthy conversation about the London Trained Bands, The Honourable Artillery Company which trained their officers, and their disbandment at
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
About Sunday 9 September 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
It's worth remembering that the Army and Trained Bands being paid off had been loyal to Cromwell and are the remenants of the New Model Army.
The one Charles II plans to keep are the Royalists he brought home. He needs them, safely out of sight, so they are easy to recall home if things blow up. The crown may sit on his head, but it was far from glued on. Right now he plans to send a significant number of the Royalist soldiers to Dunkirk.
About Hackney coaches
San Diego Sarah • Link
PART 2
This kind of gridlock was particularly unwelcome to MPs attempting to make their way into the palace of Westminster. The area around New Palace Yard seems to have been particularly prone to jams, making it hard for Lords and MPs to make their way through and into the palace complex. It is thus no great surprise that keeping the ways around the palace clear was something that preoccupied the members with some regularity.
At the beginning of each new session of Parliament, both Houses turned their attentions briefly to standard orders before getting down to debating the monarch's speech. Most importantly, it was a way of asserting their independence, but it also enabled them to ensure that recurrent nuisances were dealt with.
For the Lords, one of their first pieces of business, once the monarch's speech had been attended to, was the renewal of the order for preventing 'Stoppages in the Streets'. The repeated line was that there were so many hackney carriages and other vehicles cluttering up the areas around Westminster making it hard for Lords to fight their way into their chamber.
There seems to have been no particular concern about the ordure that must have been a feature of life as the horses did their business waiting for their next round. The problem was of convenience, not environment. ...
Of course, it was not just Westminster that experienced problems from congestion and from the at times ill-tempered conduct of coachmen hurrying their vehicles around.
In the City of London, the Bank of England was wedged into a narrow system of streets where 'a perpetual conflux of Wheel-Carriages of all kinds' proved particularly obstructive and got in the way of people going about their business. [Cockayne 174]
While efforts were made to redirect traffic away from customary fairs and markets, the conditions for London's pedestrians remained trying for much of the period as the weight of traffic continued to increase.
The solution, according to Gay, was to embrace pedestrianism, armed with a trusty walking stick:
"If the strong cane support thy walking hand,
Chairmen no longer shall the wall command;
E’en sturdy car-men shall thy nod obey,
And rattling coaches stop to make thee way…" -- John Gay, Trivia (1716)
More with purely 18th century connotations (whereas most of the above probably were becoming problems, and horse droppings were and evermore will be problems), see
https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/…
About Hackney coaches
San Diego Sarah • Link
Infirmation about traffic in London 100 years later, it seems much caused by hackney coaches:
In the course of the 18th century, Britain’s towns became increasingly congested with private carriages as well as a variety of carts, drays and hackney coaches going about their business.
For pedestrians it could make negotiating the streets a nightmare. For MPs, keeping the ways around Westminster unclogged proved an uphill battle. ...
In the spring of 1749 Earl Fitzwalter's accounts recorded him taking possession of a new landau, the ultra-fashionable, low-slung convertible carriage, which had become very popular with elite society. His new wheels cost Fitzwalter £100, in addition to trading in his old landau, which the coach-maker valued at just £12.
This was far from Fitzwalter's only vehicle. A few years earlier, he had treated himself to a new chariot, which cost him half the price of the landau, and his account books note other conveyances, including chairs, for use by him, his countess and other members of the household.
As one of London's elite, Fitzwalter was typical in ensuring that he had the means to get around the capital, and travel to and from his estates, in style. For less wealthy members of society there were hackney carriages, stage coaches and post-chaises, while plenty of those engaged in trade had a variety of carts and wagons to help them with their businesses.
What all of this meant was that the streets of London and other towns and cities were often crowded and filthy. One commentator, William King, described how London was 'pestered with Hackney Coaches and insolent carmen' and equated the whole effect to 'Hell upon earth'.
It was not just the hackney carriages charging along the streets that made the place unnerving. There was also the resulting pollution.
The horses left mounds of excrement, while the vehicles cast mud, ordure and 'beer-froth' onto the unwary foot-traveller walking beside the road.
For a pedestrian like the poet John Gay, who described the experience of trudging the streets of London in his poetic series Trivia (1716) the place could be both thrilling and disturbing in equal measure. [Brant and Whyman, 2, 90]
Increased numbers of vehicles, unsurprisingly, resulted in traffic jams. In the 1750s, Joseph Massie noted that the area around Charing Cross became particularly bad when Parliament was sitting and during the corresponding legal terms in the courts:
About Sunday 1 January 1659/60
San Diego Sarah • Link
PART 2
Religion
Colne Priory was founded in the parish by Aubrey de Vere I in about 1103-4 and was dedicated to St. Mary and St. John the Evangelist for monks of the Benedictine order from Abingdon Abbey, Berkshire.
The monastery was surrendered to Henry VIII by the prior on 3 July 1534.
The parish church is dedicated to St. Andrew. The date of the original church is probably earlier than 1100.
The current church was built between 1313 and 1360; the tower was started in 1460 and completed in 1534.
A notable vicar was Ralph Josselin, who was instituted in 1641 and held the post until his death in 1683. ...
Notable people and events
• Thomas Audley (1488–1544), 1st Baron Audley of Walden, Lord Chancellor to Henry VIII of England
• Rev. Thomas Shepard (1605–1649), assistant schoolmaster at Earls Colne Grammar School who emigrated and became a founder of Harvard University
• Rev. Ralph Josselin (1616–1683), vicar, diarist
• Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton (1786–1845), 1st Baronet, MP and campaigner for the 1833 Act abolishing slavery in the British Colonies
For photos, and more recent info, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ear…
November 2015, the picturesque village of Earls Colne in the scenic Colne Valley, 3-1/2 miles from Halstead and 10 miles from Colchester, was judged the ‘Best in Essex’ in a Country Life survey of commuter hotspots with easy access to London.
The same survey saw Grade II-listed Colne Priory, set in 24 acres of immaculate gardens and grounds on the banks of the River Colne, judged Earls Colne’s best address …
It was the last of a series of manor houses built on the site of a Benedictine priory founded by the de Vere family, Earls of Oxford, in the early 12th century, the remains of which lie buried under lawn in the grounds of Colne Priory ...
Following the dissolution of the medieval Colne Priory in 1536, its land and buildings were granted to John de Vere, 15th Earl of Oxford, who demolished the priory church and built a manor house on the site.
In 1583, the 17th Earl, Edward de Vere, a spendthrift, sold the manor of Earls Colne to his steward, Roger Harlakenden, whose son, Richard, bought the adjoining manor of Colne Priory in 1592.
Colne Priory remained in the Harlakenden family until 1672, when it passed by marriage to the Androwes family.
For more about the sale of the currant Colne Priory -- but ignore the photos, which are gorgous, see
https://www.countrylife.co.uk/pro…
Today, the estimated driving distance from London to Earls Colne is 55.13 miles or 88.72 km