Sir Francis Prujean MD was married twice: first to Margaret Leggatt (died 1661), and secondly, on 13 February 1664, to Margaret, the widow of Sir Thomas Fleming, and daughter of Edward Gorges, 1st Baron Gorges of Dundalk.
Samuel Pepys records that his second wife brought him a great fortune. By his first wife he had an only son, Thomas Prujean, who graduated M.D. at Cambridge in 1649.
Thomas Gresham was arguably the first true wizard of global finance. He rose through the mercantile worlds of London and Antwerp to become the hidden power behind three out of the five Tudor monarchs.
Today his name is remembered in economic doctrines, in the institutions he founded (the Royal Exchange, Gresham College) and in the City of London's position at the economic center of the world.
Without Gresham, England truly might have become a vassal state. His maneuvering released Queen Elizabeth from a crushing burden of debt and allowed for vital military preparations during the wars of religion that set Europe ablaze.
Yet his deepest loyalties have remained enigmatic, until now. Drawing on vast new research and several startling discoveries, the great Tudor historian John Guy recreates Gresham's life and singular personality with astonishing intimacy. He reveals a survivor, flexible enough to do business with merchants and potentates no matter their religious or ideological convictions. His mind was a calculating engine. Yet his personal relationships were disturbingly transactional. Smuggler and arms dealer, extortioner backed by royal authority, he was a figure of cold sentimentality, even to members of his own family.
Elizabeth, England's steely young queen, found herself at odds with Gresham's ambitions. In their collisions and wary accommodations, we see our own conflicts between national sovereignty and global capital foreshadowed. A story of adventure and jeopardy, greed and cunning, loyalties divided, mistaken or betrayed, this is a biography fit for a merchant prince.
Five hundred years after Gresham's birth, now is the time to reckon up his legacy. Publisher: Profile Books Ltd ISBN: 9781788162364 Number of pages: 320 Weight: 640 g Dimensions: 240 x 162 x 31 mm Edition: Main
An absorbing biography ... meticulously researched... scholarly and intriguing. -- Peter Ackroyd * The Times *
The Charterhouse, Clerkenwell, London Set in the heart of Clerkenwell, the Charterhouse has been living the Nation's history since 1348. Initially a Black Death burial ground, the site became home to the largest Carthusian monastery in the world until it was brutally dissolved in 1537 when 16 monks became proto-martyrs of the Reformation.
A grand Tudor mansion replaced the monastery. Elizabeth I spent the first days of her reign at the Charterhouse and James I (of England) created 133 Barons in the Great Chamber prior to his coronation.
In 1611 Thomas Sutton acquired the mansion and site to house his new Charity, an almshouse and school. (The school separated and moved out of London in 1872 but the almhouse thrives to this day amidst the medieval, Tudor, Jacobean and later architecture that makes the site so fascinating.)
Thomas More studied at the Charterhouse when it was a Carthusian monastery and considered joining the order. Elizabeth I spent the first five days of her reign as a guest of Lord North at the Charterhouse. Governors of the Charterhouse include all Monarchs including and after James I. Oliver Cromwell was also Governor. Other Governors include the 1st Duke of Wellington, Judge Jeffries, Dr. John Dunne, the Duke of Monmouth and Robert Peel. John Wesley, William Makepeace Thackeray and Robert Baden-Powell were all pupils of the school when it was based at the Charterhouse. The Association Football offside rule was invented at the Charterhouse.
Museum, chapel and shop free to visit for everyone. Historic Houses members can go on the extensive estate tours for free, but cannot book in advance. Tours cost £15 for the house and £20 for the garden (non-members) and take place on Tues-Thurs and weekends until October.
Parting with Henry Peters and Juliana Coningsby near Salisbury, Charles II, with Colonel Robert Phelips of Montacute only reached Heale House at dusk.
Their hostess, Mrs. Hyde, had been born a Tichborne, and was the widow of one of Chancellor Hyde's cousins, but she had not, as yet, been informed of the rank of the refugee whom she had consented to receive.
Once before, seven years earlier, Mrs. Hyde had seen young Prince Charles when he marched through Salisbury with his father, and now she recognized him instantly as he alighted at her door. Being gifted with discretion, she made no sign, but welcomed him as a friend of Phelips, and led them both in to supper.
Mrs. Hyde’s sister, who lived with her, her brother-in-law, Frederick Hyde, and Dr. Humphrey Henchman were present at the meal, and, during its progress, 'the good gentlewoman had much ado to overcome herself.' Mrs. Hyde did violence to her feelings in not helping Charles II first, but she 'could not refrain from drinking a glass of wine to him, or from giving him two larks when others had but one.'
Charles II perceived that he was known, and took the first opportunity, after supper, to declare himself, not only to Mrs. Hyde, but also to her brother-in-law, who had expressed astonishment at the conversational gifts of one 'whose habit spoke him but of mean degree.'
Mrs. Hyde professed her willingness to take charge of Charles II, saying she had a safe hiding-place. She could not, however, trust her servants, and she therefore desired the King to depart openly with Colonel Robert Phelips of Montacute next morning, and return towards night, when she, having sent out all her servants, would admit him secretly at the back door.
Charles II then retired to his room, where he held a long conference with Dr. Humphrey Henchman ere he slept.
On the next morning Charles II took a formal leave of Mrs. Hyde, as directed, and set out with Colonel Robert Phelips of Montacute, as though to continue his journey.
All day the two rode about the Downs, counting and recounting the stones of Stonehenge in order to pass the time
Colonel Robert Phelips of Montacute records that 'the King's arithmetic gave to the fabulous tale that those stones cannot be told twice alike.'
At evening they returned to Heale House, and Colonel Robert Phelips of Montacute, having delivered up Charles II to Mrs. Hyde, departed with the horses to Newton Tony. ### This story took place during the escape after Worcester, in case you didn't guess.
The fourth side of Eton College's School Yard, the west, was added by Provost Allestree in 1665, so it was new when Pepys visited. However, it had to be rebuilt 1689–1694 because it became unsafe. Its main feature is the Upper School on the first floor, Eton’s second and largest classroom.
Eton is an historic town and civil parish in the ceremonial county of Berkshire, but within the historic boundaries of Buckinghamshire, lying on the opposite bank of the River Thames to Windsor and connected to it by Windsor Bridge.
The land that is now Eton once belonged to the manor of Queen Edith, wife of Edward the Confessor. The main road between Windsor and London went through there so a hamlet sprang up amid pasture meadows to maintain the road and the bridge.
In 1440, Henry VI chose Eton as the location for his new college, Eton College. Workmen were moved into Eton to build the college. All of the land immediately around the hamlet was granted to the college, which stopped further growth. The new college chapel made the village a pilgrimage point, and inns were set up along the high street.
During the English Civil War, after Windsor Castle was captured by parliamentarian forces, the Royalist army moved into Eton and attempted to retake the town, occupying the college. Efforts to retake Windsor were unsuccessful and the royalists eventually fled.
The college sometimes leased small plots of land to the village as an act of charity, leading to the construction of houses near the bridge. Scholars at the college also used to collect "salt" (money) from the inns of Eton High Street. This practice continued until 1845 when a scholar refused to associate with the inns because they were a "temptation" to Eton students.
William Oughtred (1574–1660), mathematician and cleric, was born here.
On the 20th Pepys told us that pops was leaving on the 21st. Didn't happen, apparently.
And I agree with what I think Terry says about L&M's reading: Everyone went out for a balmy night cruise on the Thames, came home and went to bed. However, Mercer was at her mother's, came home even later and was unable to contact the guard. She probably sees his candlelight and throws stones at his window to get him to come down and let her in, which vexes him. She goes to bed. Pepys finishes his accounting and goes to bed after midnight.
And it's not even the end of the month. He must be really worried about Coventry's bad mood, plus Rupert's complaints to Charles II and the Duke of York.
I also discovered that good ol' Lord Culpepper wasn't living at Leeds Castle. He'd left his wealthy Dutch wife there, and gone to live with his mistress in the Isle of Wight. I'm sure Lady Culpepper was thrilled to have all these prisoners as house guests: https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
If you're wondering why Christian hung onto being the Viscountess Frendraught after marrying Morison, that's because women only go up the nobility ladder and never down. If she had married an Earl she would have become Countess XYZ. In this case she married down the nobility ladder, so she remained the Viscountess. But he was rich, so she didn't care.
Christian Urquhart was the daughter of Sir Alexander Urquhart of Cromarty and Jean Elphinstone.
Christian Urquhart married, firstly, Thomas, 2nd Lord Rutherfurd circa 24 February 1663.
Christian Urquhart Rutherford married by contract, secondly, James Crichton, 2nd Viscount Frendraught, son of James Crichton, 1st Viscount Frendraught and Marion Irvine, on 14 November 1669.
James Crichton, 2nd Viscount Frendraught died about 1676, and was succeeded by their son, William.
Christian Urquhart Rutherford Crichton, Viscountess Frendraught married, thirdly, George Morison, 2nd of Bogie, son of Alexander Morison, 1st of Bognie, in 1680.
Christian Urquhart Rutherford Crichton Morison, the Viscountess Frendraught sounds like a nice Scottish lady, passed around in the on-going pursuit of money, titles, power and children. "The household of Bognie, besides the Laird and Viscountess, consisted of their son and two daughters - Barbara Morison, a sister of the laird's; Elizabeth Blair, his niece; and Christian Ramsay, a niece of the lady's. There was also a chaplain, a steward, the laird's page, a man cook, a footman, and a groom; likewise, a farm grieve, five male, and three female servants - in all twenty-three persons, which bespeaks the importance and affluence of the family at the close of the 17th century."
"my father being to go away tomorrow" -- hence all these pesky family meals with the Joyces. Or maybe the wives are very fond of Pall? Anyways, the end is in sight.
"... the first thing the Prince said to the King upon his coming, was complaining of the Commissioners of the Navy; ... which I am troubled at, and do fear may in violence break out upon this office some time or other; for we shall not be able to carry on the business."
Another part in the puzzle as to what the Navy complex looked like. I imagine the "house" fronted on Seething Lane (and being an Elizabethan building probably had three "wings" out the back in which the Commissioners lived), with the garden enclosed by a wall with a gate out onto Tower Hill. But this sounds as if it was more open to the public than that, and if the sailors and/or their relatives were upset, the Commissioners were vulnerable.
Probably reminds him of the rocks coming through the windows at Greenwich last summer.
The Duke of Medina ... not helpful, because there were several of them.
My nomination as to which Duke of Medina this might be comes from this 1664 entry in Lady Anne Fanshawe's memoires about her husband, Ambassador Richard Fanshawe (Sandwich's predecessor):
"October the 21st, we went to see the Buen Retiro. The Duke de Medina de las Torres, who has the keeping of this house of the King's from his Majesty, sent two of his gentlemen to show us all that belongs thereunto. The place is adorned with much water and fountains, trees and fine gardens, with many hermitages up and down the place, and a very good house for his Majesty; yet the pictures therein did far exceed the rest, they being many, and all very curious, done by the best hand in the world in their times."
### While I'm sharing about Lady Fanshawe, here's her take on Sandwich's appointment:
"December the 17th, 1665, my husband, upon the part of our King his master, and the Duke de Medina de las Torres, on the part of his Catholic Majesty, did conclude and signed together the peace between England and Spain, and the articles for the adjustment between Spain and Portugal, which articles were cavilled at by the Lord Chancellor Clarendon and his party, that they might have an opportunity to send the Earl of Sandwich out of the way from the Parliament, which then sat, and who, as he and his friends feared, would be severely punished for his cowardice in the Dutch fight.
"He neither understood the customs of the Court, nor the language, nor indeed anything but a vicious life; and thus was he shuffled into your father's employment to reap the benefit of his five years' negotiation of the peace between England, Spain, and Portugal: and after above thirty years studying state affairs, and many of them in the Spanish Court: so much are Ambassadors slaves to the public ministers at home, who often, through envy or ignorance, ruin them!"
Robert Boyle moved to Oxford in 1654. He proved to be an extremely competent physicist and gave his name to the law that relates the pressure and the volume of a gas.
Boyle stayed in Oxford until 1668 when he moved to London. If he was a regular attendee at the Wednesday afternoon lectures at Gresham College, he must also have been a regular traveler.
Gresham College, then in Bishopsgate Street, was a 120-mile round trip from his home near the Three Tuns public house in Oxford. With more than a day's ride each way he would have had little time left for anything else, so it seems safe to assume Robert Boyle did not make it his usual custom to attend the lectures on Wednesday afternoons.
But Boyle did sometimes come up to London to stay with his sister, Katherine Boyle Jones, Lady Ranelagh in Chelsea, as John Evelyn visited him there on 7 September 1660.
In 1666 John, 1st Baron Belasyse of Worlaby lived in Lincoln's Inn Fields, and was married to his third wife, Anne Paulet, daughter of the Marquis of Winchester.
Blue dye had long existed in England, but it was made from the flowering plant woad. Even when the more versatile indigo became available, the woad cultivators resisted importing the new blue.
Historian Dauril Alden notes in The Journal of Economic History that the woad cultivators campaigned aggressively against indigo, declaring: '[it] was properly “food for the devil” and was also poisonous, as in fact it was (particularly to the woadmen). By the end of the 16th century, they had succeeded in persuading governments in the Germanies, France, and England to prohibit use of the so-called “devil’s dye.”'
Still, the ban on indigo did not last long, especially when dyers discovered its potential. “Different textiles required different treatment and even different dyes to achieve a given color,” writes historian Susan Fairlie of The Economic History Review.
Wool is the easiest to dye, while silk, cotton, and linen are each a bit harder and need varying amounts of dyes like woad. “The only fast, attractive dye which worked equally on all four, with minor differences in preparation, was indigo.”
In the second half of the 18th century, the Royal Navy sailed the world in service of the expansion and enforcement of the British Empire. Its officers wore uniforms in a deep blue, now known as navy blue. The rich hue was a recent development, and wouldn’t have been possible in previous centuries when the color was scarce.
In 1748, the Royal Navy adopted dark blue officer’s uniforms. The blue of seamen’s uniforms is not due to the color of the sky and sea, but relates to the British colonization of India and the expansion of the East India Trading Company after the victory over the French in the Seven Years’ War (1756–63).
The rich color comes from the indigo plant, Indigofera tinctoria, native to India, and thus available to the British after they had colonized the country. It had been in use in Europe since the late 13th century.
“Indigo was then not only plentiful and affordable [in the 18th century], but unlike other dyes was particularly color fast, outclassing other colors in withstanding extensive exposure to sun and salt water.”
So by 1665 presumably some plants had been sent to St. Kitts/St. Christopher's to start a more convenient source.
"... to Lumbard Streete again, where much talke at Colvill’s, he censuring the times, and how matters are ordered, and with reason enough; but, above all, the thinking to borrow money of the City, which will not be done, but be denied, they being little pleased with the King’s affairs, and that must breed differences between the King and the City."
Downing saw this day coming. Whether or not the new-fangled way of raising money will work, Pepys truly does not know. Perhaps The City thought Lady Castlemaine should pay?
Comments
Second Reading
About Sunday 24 June 1666
San Diego Sarah • Link
Sir Francis Prujean MD was married twice:
first to Margaret Leggatt (died 1661),
and secondly, on 13 February 1664, to Margaret, the widow of Sir Thomas Fleming, and daughter of Edward Gorges, 1st Baron Gorges of Dundalk.
Samuel Pepys records that his second wife brought him a great fortune. By his first wife he had an only son, Thomas Prujean, who graduated M.D. at Cambridge in 1649.
For more see https://wikivisually.com/wiki/Fra…
About Sir Thomas Gresham
San Diego Sarah • Link
Thomas Gresham was arguably the first true wizard of global finance. He rose through the mercantile worlds of London and Antwerp to become the hidden power behind three out of the five Tudor monarchs.
Today his name is remembered in economic doctrines, in the institutions he founded (the Royal Exchange, Gresham College) and in the City of London's position at the economic center of the world.
Without Gresham, England truly might have become a vassal state. His maneuvering released Queen Elizabeth from a crushing burden of debt and allowed for vital military preparations during the wars of religion that set Europe ablaze.
Yet his deepest loyalties have remained enigmatic, until now. Drawing on vast new research and several startling discoveries, the great Tudor historian John Guy recreates Gresham's life and singular personality with astonishing intimacy. He reveals a survivor, flexible enough to do business with merchants and potentates no matter their religious or ideological convictions. His mind was a calculating engine. Yet his personal relationships were disturbingly transactional. Smuggler and arms dealer, extortioner backed by royal authority, he was a figure of cold sentimentality, even to members of his own family.
Elizabeth, England's steely young queen, found herself at odds with Gresham's ambitions. In their collisions and wary accommodations, we see our own conflicts between national sovereignty and global capital foreshadowed. A story of adventure and jeopardy, greed and cunning, loyalties divided, mistaken or betrayed, this is a biography fit for a merchant prince.
Five hundred years after Gresham's birth, now is the time to reckon up his legacy.
Publisher: Profile Books Ltd
ISBN: 9781788162364
Number of pages: 320
Weight: 640 g
Dimensions: 240 x 162 x 31 mm
Edition: Main
An absorbing biography ... meticulously researched... scholarly and intriguing. -- Peter Ackroyd * The Times *
https://www.waterstones.com/book/…
About Charterhouse Yard/Square
San Diego Sarah • Link
The Charterhouse, Clerkenwell, London
Set in the heart of Clerkenwell, the Charterhouse has been living the Nation's history since 1348. Initially a Black Death burial ground, the site became home to the largest Carthusian monastery in the world until it was brutally dissolved in 1537 when 16 monks became proto-martyrs of the Reformation.
A grand Tudor mansion replaced the monastery. Elizabeth I spent the first days of her reign at the Charterhouse and James I (of England) created 133 Barons in the Great Chamber prior to his coronation.
In 1611 Thomas Sutton acquired the mansion and site to house his new Charity, an almshouse and school.
(The school separated and moved out of London in 1872 but the almhouse thrives to this day amidst the medieval, Tudor, Jacobean and later architecture that makes the site so fascinating.)
Thomas More studied at the Charterhouse when it was a Carthusian monastery and considered joining the order.
Elizabeth I spent the first five days of her reign as a guest of Lord North at the Charterhouse.
Governors of the Charterhouse include all Monarchs including and after James I. Oliver Cromwell was also Governor. Other Governors include the 1st Duke of Wellington, Judge Jeffries, Dr. John Dunne, the Duke of Monmouth and Robert Peel.
John Wesley, William Makepeace Thackeray and Robert Baden-Powell were all pupils of the school when it was based at the Charterhouse.
The Association Football offside rule was invented at the Charterhouse.
Museum, chapel and shop free to visit for everyone. Historic Houses members can go on the extensive estate tours for free, but cannot book in advance. Tours cost £15 for the house and £20 for the garden (non-members) and take place on Tues-Thurs and weekends until October.
for lovely photos and more info, see https://www.historichouses.org/ho…
About Stonehenge
San Diego Sarah • Link
https://books.google.com/books?pg…
268 THE KING IN EXILE -- October 7-17 1651
Parting with Henry Peters and Juliana Coningsby near Salisbury, Charles II, with Colonel Robert Phelips of Montacute only reached Heale House at dusk.
Their hostess, Mrs. Hyde, had been born a Tichborne, and was the widow of one of Chancellor Hyde's cousins, but she had not, as yet, been informed of the rank of the refugee whom she had consented to receive.
Once before, seven years earlier, Mrs. Hyde had seen young Prince Charles when he marched through Salisbury with his father, and now she recognized him instantly as he alighted at her door. Being gifted with discretion, she made no sign, but welcomed him as a friend of Phelips, and led them both in to supper.
Mrs. Hyde’s sister, who lived with her, her brother-in-law, Frederick Hyde, and
Dr. Humphrey Henchman were present at the meal, and, during its progress, 'the good gentlewoman had much ado to overcome herself.' Mrs. Hyde did violence to her feelings in not helping Charles II first, but she 'could not refrain from drinking a glass of wine to him, or from giving him two larks when others had but one.'
Charles II perceived that he was known, and took the first opportunity, after supper, to declare himself, not only to Mrs. Hyde, but also to her brother-in-law, who had expressed astonishment at the conversational gifts of one 'whose habit spoke him but of mean degree.'
Mrs. Hyde professed her willingness to take charge of Charles II, saying she had a safe hiding-place. She could not, however, trust her servants, and she therefore desired the King to depart openly with Colonel Robert Phelips of Montacute next morning, and return towards night, when she, having sent out all her servants, would admit him secretly at the back door.
Charles II then retired to his room, where he held a long conference with Dr.
Humphrey Henchman ere he slept.
On the next morning Charles II took a formal leave of Mrs. Hyde, as directed, and set out with Colonel Robert Phelips of Montacute, as though to continue his journey.
All day the two rode about the Downs, counting and recounting the stones of
Stonehenge in order to pass the time
Colonel Robert Phelips of Montacute records that 'the King's arithmetic gave to the fabulous tale that those stones cannot be told twice alike.'
At evening they returned to Heale House, and Colonel Robert Phelips of Montacute, having delivered up Charles II to Mrs. Hyde, departed with the horses to Newton Tony.
###
This story took place during the escape after Worcester, in case you didn't guess.
About Eton College
San Diego Sarah • Link
The fourth side of Eton College's School Yard, the west, was added by Provost Allestree in 1665, so it was new when Pepys visited. However, it had to be rebuilt 1689–1694 because it became unsafe. Its main feature is the Upper School on the first floor, Eton’s second and largest classroom.
For more, see:
https://www.etoncollege.com/brief…
About Eton, Berkshire
San Diego Sarah • Link
Eton is an historic town and civil parish in the ceremonial county of Berkshire, but within the historic boundaries of Buckinghamshire, lying on the opposite bank of the River Thames to Windsor and connected to it by Windsor Bridge.
The land that is now Eton once belonged to the manor of Queen Edith, wife of Edward the Confessor. The main road between Windsor and London went through there so a hamlet sprang up amid pasture meadows to maintain the road and the bridge.
In 1440, Henry VI chose Eton as the location for his new college, Eton College. Workmen were moved into Eton to build the college. All of the land immediately around the hamlet was granted to the college, which stopped further growth. The new college chapel made the village a pilgrimage point, and inns were set up along the high street.
During the English Civil War, after Windsor Castle was captured by parliamentarian forces, the Royalist army moved into Eton and attempted to retake the town, occupying the college. Efforts to retake Windsor were unsuccessful and the royalists eventually fled.
The college sometimes leased small plots of land to the village as an act of charity, leading to the construction of houses near the bridge. Scholars at the college also used to collect "salt" (money) from the inns of Eton High Street. This practice continued until 1845 when a scholar refused to associate with the inns because they were a "temptation" to Eton students.
William Oughtred (1574–1660), mathematician and cleric, was born here.
For more, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eto…
And just what sort of "temptation" might that be?
About Friday 22 June 1666
San Diego Sarah • Link
On the 20th Pepys told us that pops was leaving on the 21st. Didn't happen, apparently.
And I agree with what I think Terry says about L&M's reading:
Everyone went out for a balmy night cruise on the Thames, came home and went to bed. However, Mercer was at her mother's, came home even later and was unable to contact the guard. She probably sees his candlelight and throws stones at his window to get him to come down and let her in, which vexes him. She goes to bed. Pepys finishes his accounting and goes to bed after midnight.
And it's not even the end of the month. He must be really worried about Coventry's bad mood, plus Rupert's complaints to Charles II and the Duke of York.
About Tuesday 3 October 1665
San Diego Sarah • Link
Phil has since added a section for the Commission on the Sick and Wounded Prisoners:
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
I also discovered that good ol' Lord Culpepper wasn't living at Leeds Castle. He'd left his wealthy Dutch wife there, and gone to live with his mistress in the Isle of Wight. I'm sure Lady Culpepper was thrilled to have all these prisoners as house guests:
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
About Christian Urquhart
San Diego Sarah • Link
If you're wondering why Christian hung onto being the Viscountess Frendraught after marrying Morison, that's because women only go up the nobility ladder and never down. If she had married an Earl she would have become Countess XYZ. In this case she married down the nobility ladder, so she remained the Viscountess. But he was rich, so she didn't care.
About Christian Urquhart
San Diego Sarah • Link
Christian Urquhart was the daughter of Sir Alexander Urquhart of Cromarty and Jean Elphinstone.
Christian Urquhart married, firstly, Thomas, 2nd Lord Rutherfurd circa 24 February 1663.
Christian Urquhart Rutherford married by contract, secondly, James Crichton, 2nd Viscount Frendraught, son of James Crichton, 1st Viscount Frendraught and Marion Irvine, on 14 November 1669.
James Crichton, 2nd Viscount Frendraught died about 1676, and was succeeded by their son, William.
Christian Urquhart Rutherford Crichton, Viscountess Frendraught married, thirdly, George Morison, 2nd of Bogie, son of Alexander Morison, 1st of Bognie, in 1680.
Christian Urquhart Rutherford Crichton Morison, the Viscountess Frendraught sounds like a nice Scottish lady, passed around in the on-going pursuit of money, titles, power and children.
"The household of Bognie, besides the Laird and Viscountess, consisted of their son and two daughters - Barbara Morison, a sister of the laird's; Elizabeth Blair, his niece; and Christian Ramsay, a niece of the lady's. There was also a chaplain, a steward, the laird's page, a man cook, a footman, and a groom; likewise, a farm grieve, five male, and three female servants - in all twenty-three persons, which bespeaks the importance and affluence of the family at the close of the 17th century."
https://www.clanmacfarlanegenealo…
About Wednesday 20 June 1666
San Diego Sarah • Link
"my father being to go away tomorrow" -- hence all these pesky family meals with the Joyces. Or maybe the wives are very fond of Pall? Anyways, the end is in sight.
About Beans
San Diego Sarah • Link
The only mention of beans in the Diary is in June ... isn't this the time for those lovely long green beans I remember slicing finely in my childhood?
My first reaction was Boston Baked Beans, but that can't be right.
About Tuesday 19 June 1666
San Diego Sarah • Link
"... the first thing the Prince said to the King upon his coming, was complaining of the Commissioners of the Navy; ... which I am troubled at, and do fear may in violence break out upon this office some time or other; for we shall not be able to carry on the business."
Another part in the puzzle as to what the Navy complex looked like. I imagine the "house" fronted on Seething Lane (and being an Elizabethan building probably had three "wings" out the back in which the Commissioners lived), with the garden enclosed by a wall with a gate out onto Tower Hill. But this sounds as if it was more open to the public than that, and if the sailors and/or their relatives were upset, the Commissioners were vulnerable.
Probably reminds him of the rocks coming through the windows at Greenwich last summer.
About Tuesday 19 June 1666
San Diego Sarah • Link
The Duke of Medina ... not helpful, because there were several of them.
My nomination as to which Duke of Medina this might be comes from this 1664 entry in Lady Anne Fanshawe's memoires about her husband, Ambassador Richard Fanshawe (Sandwich's predecessor):
"October the 21st, we went to see the Buen Retiro. The Duke de Medina de las Torres, who has the keeping of this house of the King's from his Majesty, sent two of his gentlemen to show us all that belongs thereunto. The place is adorned with much water and fountains, trees and fine gardens, with many hermitages up and down the place, and a very good house for his Majesty; yet the pictures therein did far exceed the rest, they being many, and all very curious, done by the best hand in the world in their times."
###
While I'm sharing about Lady Fanshawe, here's her take on Sandwich's appointment:
"December the 17th, 1665, my husband, upon the part of our King his master, and the Duke de Medina de las Torres, on the part of his Catholic Majesty, did conclude and signed together the peace between England and Spain, and the articles for the adjustment between Spain and Portugal, which articles were cavilled at by the Lord Chancellor Clarendon and his party, that they might have an opportunity to send the Earl of Sandwich out of the way from the Parliament, which then sat, and who, as he and his friends feared, would be severely punished for his cowardice in the Dutch fight.
"He neither understood the customs of the Court, nor the language, nor indeed anything but a vicious life; and thus was he shuffled into your father's employment to reap the benefit of his five years' negotiation of the peace between England, Spain, and Portugal: and after above thirty years studying state affairs, and many of them in the Spanish Court: so much are Ambassadors slaves to the public ministers at home, who often, through envy or ignorance, ruin them!"
For more about this adventurous woman's incredible life in service to Charles I and II, see http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60…
About Robert Boyle
San Diego Sarah • Link
Robert Boyle moved to Oxford in 1654. He proved to be an extremely competent physicist and gave his name to the law that relates the pressure and the volume of a gas.
Boyle stayed in Oxford until 1668 when he moved to London. If he was a regular attendee at the Wednesday afternoon lectures at Gresham College, he must also have been a regular traveler.
Gresham College, then in Bishopsgate Street, was a 120-mile round trip from his home near the Three Tuns public house in Oxford. With more than a day's ride each way he would have had little time left for anything else, so it seems safe to assume Robert Boyle did not make it his usual custom to attend the lectures on Wednesday afternoons.
But Boyle did sometimes come up to London to stay with his sister, Katherine Boyle Jones, Lady Ranelagh in Chelsea, as John Evelyn visited him there on 7 September 1660.
Lots of information on all the Boyles from https://www.archive.org/stream/cu…
About Lincoln's Inn Fields
San Diego Sarah • Link
In 1666 John, 1st Baron Belasyse of Worlaby lived in Lincoln's Inn Fields, and was married to his third wife, Anne Paulet, daughter of the Marquis of Winchester.
About Barbara Palmer (Countess of Castlemaine)
San Diego Sarah • Link
Some shout-outs to Pepys in this biography of Barbara, with pictures
https://www.thecrownchronicles.co…
About Order of the Garter
San Diego Sarah • Link
And if that's not enough, another site with the history, tradition, origins and photographs
https://www.thecrownchronicles.co…
About Thursday 4 May 1665
San Diego Sarah • Link
More on indigo:
Blue dye had long existed in England, but it was made from the flowering plant woad. Even when the more versatile indigo became available, the woad cultivators resisted importing the new blue.
Historian Dauril Alden notes in The Journal of Economic History that the woad cultivators campaigned aggressively against indigo, declaring:
'[it] was properly “food for the devil” and was also poisonous, as in fact it was (particularly to the woadmen). By the end of the 16th century, they had succeeded in persuading governments in the Germanies, France, and England to prohibit use of the so-called “devil’s dye.”'
Still, the ban on indigo did not last long, especially when dyers discovered its potential. “Different textiles required different treatment and even different dyes to achieve a given color,” writes historian Susan Fairlie of The Economic History Review.
Wool is the easiest to dye, while silk, cotton, and linen are each a bit harder and need varying amounts of dyes like woad. “The only fast, attractive dye which worked equally on all four, with minor differences in preparation, was indigo.”
In the second half of the 18th century, the Royal Navy sailed the world in service of the expansion and enforcement of the British Empire. Its officers wore uniforms in a deep blue, now known as navy blue. The rich hue was a recent development, and wouldn’t have been possible in previous centuries when the color was scarce.
In 1748, the Royal Navy adopted dark blue officer’s uniforms. The blue of seamen’s uniforms is not due to the color of the sky and sea, but relates to the British colonization of India and the expansion of the East India Trading Company after the victory over the French in the Seven Years’ War (1756–63).
The rich color comes from the indigo plant, Indigofera tinctoria, native to India, and thus available to the British after they had colonized the country. It had been in use in Europe since the late 13th century.
“Indigo was then not only plentiful and affordable [in the 18th century], but unlike other dyes was particularly color fast, outclassing other colors in withstanding extensive exposure to sun and salt water.”
So by 1665 presumably some plants had been sent to St. Kitts/St. Christopher's to start a more convenient source.
More from https://daily.jstor.org/coloniali…
About Monday 18 June 1666
San Diego Sarah • Link
"... to Lumbard Streete again, where much talke at Colvill’s, he censuring the times, and how matters are ordered, and with reason enough; but, above all, the thinking to borrow money of the City, which will not be done, but be denied, they being little pleased with the King’s affairs, and that must breed differences between the King and the City."
Downing saw this day coming. Whether or not the new-fangled way of raising money will work, Pepys truly does not know. Perhaps The City thought Lady Castlemaine should pay?