Edward Montagu, Viscount Hinchingbrooke (3 January 1648 – 29 November 1688) was the eldest son of Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich and "My Lady" Jemima Crew Montagu. He was styled Viscount Hinchingbrooke from 1660 until his accession in 1672.
Lord Hinchingbrooke was educated mainly in Paris, where he lived with his Catholic cousin, Abbe Walter Montagu. Edward is said "not to have been much of a scholar".
Hinchingbrooke's betrothal to the heiress Elizabeth Malet was broken off at her request. Instead he married Lady Anne Boyle, daughter of Richard Boyle, 2nd Earl of Cork and Elizabeth Clifford, 2nd Baroness Clifford. They had three children: 1 Edward Montagu, 3rd Earl of Sandwich, 2 Richard Montagu and 3 Elizabeth Montagu.
Anne Boyle Montagu, Countess of Sandwich died in 1671.
Lord Hinchingbrooke was returned for Dover at a contested by-election in 1670 as the court candidate, but with the support of the ‘fanatics’.
In his one session in the Lower House, Hinchingbrooke was appointed to only five committees, none of which was of political importance, and he was named as a court supporter on an opposition list. And in the House of Lords the 2nd Earl of Sandwich was irregular in attendance, being absent from the exclusion vote in 1680.
Nor was he active in public affairs; his lord lieutenancies of Huntingdonshire and Cambridgeshire must have been nominal, because he had retired to France, probably for reasons of health.
The Surveyor of the Navy, Sir Thomas Aylesbury, was the Keeper of the Chase in the 1630s and his granddaughter, Anne Hyde, was born at Cranbourne Lodge in 1637. Cranbourne remained her childhood home until the age of 12, when the Parliamentary victory at Windsor during the first Civil War gave the Lodge into the possession of Captain James Whitelocke (eldest son of Sir Bulstrode Whitelocke). After the Restoration, Anne Hyde's father, now the Lord Chancellor and the 1st Earl of Clarendon, was given Cranbourne Lodge as a retreat from public life. It was rebuilt in 1665.
The playing of billiards was largely proscribed during the Commonwealth years.
An engraving of Louis XIV playing on a billiard table. Pascal quoted the king in his “Thoughts,” saying billiards was reserved for the nobility. https://www.billard-toulet.com/ab…
The origin of the Billiards family of games probably comes from the out-door croquet family of games, played during the 14th century in Northern Europe. 'Billiard' is probably a French derivative either from 'billart' (mace) or 'bille' (ball). During the middle ages many sports were played with balls, clubs, maces, bats and/or skittles.
Ground Billiards was played in the 1340s through the 1600s throughout Europe - in Italy it was called 'biglia', in France 'bilhard', in Spain 'virlota' and some say in England it was known as 'ball-yard'. The game apparently led to both Billiards- and Croquet-type games.
The earliest evidence of table Billiards is a 1470 inventory of items purchased by Louis XI of France: "billiard balls and billiard table for pleasure and amusement."
In 1588, Billiard tables were owned by the Dukes of Norfolk and Leicester, and Mary, Queen of Scots had a billiard table in her prison cell while she awaited execution.
Table Billiards was a popular game in France by 1630, and in England it was described in publications during the 1600s including a description by Charles Cotton in 'The Compleat Gamester' published in 1674.
Variations existed, and there were variations in dimensions and equipment. The most popular game was for two players on a table with six pockets, called 'hazards', which were obstacles to be avoided - like bunkers in golf. The table has a hoop at one end (called the Port) and an upright skittle at the other (called the King).
Each player had a ball, which was pushed with a mace (a stick with a special wooden end). The aim was to be the first to put your ball through the Port in the right direction, and then back to touch the King, without knocking either over. The winner was the first to succeed with doing this a number of times - say, 5.
The tables were not flat; the balls were not round; maces were not accurate. The game was as much about knocking the opponent's ball into penalties as about furthering one's own cause. Pushing the opponent's ball into a hazard, the wrong way through the Port, or making it knock over the King was as good as running the Port yourself. If your ball went in the 'wrong' direction, you were deemed a 'fornicator'. • By the early 1600's, people in Europe started using the mace handle (or 'queue' - 'tail' in French; later 'cue') to hit the ball instead of the head. This was easier if the ball was near the edge of the table, and this technique gradually took over. It isn't that a cue replaced the mace, more that the pointy end of the mace gradually became thinner and was used more while the thick end became less used. • Balls were originally wooden, but by the end of the 1600s most people played with ivory spheres. • Cloth covering for billiard tables appeared around 1660, and the quality gradually improved over the centuries.
In the 17th century, Bishops granted licenses to midwives and for the practice of physic. To show the extent to which astrology was recognized as a “hand-maid" or associate of medicine, it is interesting to note that in 1670 Archbishop of Canterbury Sheldon, at the request of Elias Ashmole (who was an acknowledged devotee of astrology), granted a license to practice physic to William Lilly (who for over 25 years had been famous as an astrologer and almanac-maker, and the subject of extensive gossip) as compiler of the "nativities" of celebrities in Church and State.
In the 17th century, Bishops granted licenses to midwives and for the practice of physic. To show the extent to which astrology was recognized as a “hand-maid" or associate of medicine, it is interesting to note that in 1670 Archbishop of Canterbury Sheldon, at the request of Elias Ashmole (who was an acknowledged devotee of astrology), granted a license to practice physic to William Lilly (who for over 25 years had been famous as an astrologer and almanac-maker, and the subject of extensive gossip) as compiler of the "nativities" of celebrities in Church and State.
In the 17th century, Bishops granted licenses to midwives and for the practice of physic. To show the extent to which astrology was recognized as a “hand-maid" or associate of medicine, it is interesting to note that in 1670 Archbishop of Canterbury Sheldon, at the request of Elias Ashmole (who was an acknowledged devotee of astrology), granted a license to practice physic to William Lilly (who for over 25 years had been famous as an astrologer and almanac-maker, and the subject of extensive gossip) as compiler of the "nativities" of celebrities in Church and State.
Rev. Thomas Vincent (1634–1678) an English Puritan Calvinistic minister and author.
Thomas Vincent was the second son of John Vincent, elder brother of Nathaniel Vincent (both prominent ministers), born at Hertford in May 1634.
After attending Westminster School, and Felsted grammar school, Essex, Thomas Vincent entered Christ Church, Oxford, in 1648, matriculated 27 February 1651, graduated B.A. March 16, 1652, and M.A. June 1, 1654, when he was chosen catechist.
On leaving Oxford, Thomas Vincent became chaplain to Robert Sidney, 2nd Earl of Leicester.
In 1656 Thomas Vincent was incorporated at Cambridge. He was soon put into the sequestered rectory of St. Mary Magdalene, Milk Street, London, and held it until the Uniformity Act of 1662 ejected him.
Thomas Vincent retired to Hoxton, where he preached privately while assisting Thomas Doolittle in his school at Bunhill Fields.
During 1665, Thomas Vincent preached constantly in parish churches. He said, “And if Monday night was dreadful, Tuesday night was more dreadful, when far the greatest part of the city was consumed: many thousands who on Saturday had houses convenient in the city, both for themselves, and to entertain others, now have not where to lay their head; and the fields are the only receptacle which they can find for themselves and their goods; most of the late inhabitants of London lie all night in the open air, with no other canopy over them but that of the heavens: the fire is still making towards them, and threateneth the suburbs; it was amazing to see how it had spread itself several times in compass; and, amongst other things that night, the sight of Guildhall was a fearful spectacle, which stood the whole body of it together in view, for several hours together, after the fire had taken it, without flames (I suppose because the timber was such solid oak,) in a bright shining coal as if it had been a palace of gold, or a great building of burnished brass.”
Thomas Vincent’s account of the plague in “God’s Terrible Voice in the City by Plague and Fire,” 1667, is graphic; seven in his own household died.
"From lightning and tempest, from plague, pestilence and famine, from battle and murder, and from sudden death, Good Lord, deliver us." – The General Supplication from the Book of Common Prayer.
English scholars studying the Jews made use of Latin Hebrew grammars made available through the academic trade with the continent. The first of many English language Hebrew Grammars was produced by John Udall in 1593. These, in addition to Rabbinic commentaries, proved vital in the production of the Authorized Bible, published in 1611.
The interest in Hebrew remained a concern at the highest levels of Government. In 1647 John Selden and John Lightfoot arranged, on Parliament's behalf, the purchase of £500 of rare Hebrew texts for Cambridge Library. Henry Jessey, John Dury, Nathaniel Holmes (men who would play leading roles in the readmission of the Jews to England) were all renowned for their knowledge of Hebrew.
At the time of Jewish readmission to England [1656], distinguished Hebraists abounded, such as Cambridge John Lightfoot, Ralph Josselin, Edward Pococke and William Gouge. Edmund Gibbon said that "by constant reading of the Rabbis, Lightfoot became almost a Rabbi himself".
This was encouraged by the language planners who wanted to formulate a philosophical, universal language. The most important language planner was John Wilkins but others, including John Dury, Samuel Hartlib, Boyle (Robert?), J. Eliot, W. Bedell and Seth Ward were also deeply interested. These men were aligned with an informal, international circle of scientist scholars, led by Czech reformer Jan Amos Comenius.
This philosophical language would facilitate a perfect, mystical correspondence between words and things, leaving us free, Comenius writes, to: "adjust our concepts of things to the forms of things themselves ... to fit language to a more exact expression of more exact concepts".
Such a language would perfectly reflect thought and reality, increase man's knowledge of the world, perfect his worship of God, and be equivalent to the language spoken by Adam. It would prove the ideal of the Comenius Circle, a "universal antidote to confusion of thought."
These philosophical language planners were convinced Hebrew was the divine lingua humana. They wanted close contacts with the Jews and to embrace Hebraic scholarship, particularly the Kabbalah (which explores the mystical qualities of Hebrew and asked the kind of questions of concern to these men).
Belief in Hebrew as the first language dates back to St. Augustine in the 5th century. By the mid-17th century its antiquity was acknowledged to an unprecedented degree.
During the Commonwealth the antiquity of Hebrew was upheld by University of Edinburgh Grammarian William Robertson. In Hebrew, as he said in his 1654 Hebrew Grammar, one could read the "Oracles of God ... the very first, Primitive, and Original Words of his own Spirit".
Ministers including Thomas Sympson, Joshua Sylvester, John Davis, Edward Leigh and Joseph Caryl shared this sentiment.
The Dogger Bank is an extensive isolated shoal in the North Sea, lying about 60 miles (100 km) off the northeastern coast of England. It rises 70 feet (20 metres) higher than the surrounding seafloor, is 160 miles (260 km) long and 60 miles wide at the 120-foot (35-metre) level, and reaches its shallowest point (50 feet [15 metres] below the sea surface) at its western end.
The bank is a huge moraine deposited at the southern limit of the last glaciation. For centuries it has been a well-known fishing ground.
The constant mixing of waters in the shallow sea basin provides a rich supply of nutrient salts upon which the lower forms of marine organisms — the basis of the sea’s food chain — depend. The resulting abundance of plant and animal plankton supports a varied and rich supply of commercially valuable fish, including sizable quantities of plaice, cod, haddock, turbot, dabs, and herring, and over the centuries led to Fishery Wars.
The major fishing countries are Norway, Denmark, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands. These days a unique fisheries arrangement, the Common Fisheries Policy, has been adopted by members of the European Community establishing catch quotas each year for the various North Sea species beyond territorial sea limits.
The origin of the name is obscure, but the Dutch dogger (a trawling vessel) was formerly applied to two-masted ships employed in North Sea fishing and, by extension, to their crews (doggermen) and the fish taken (doggerfish).
The lines demarcating the international rights of Great Britain, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, and Norway to the North Sea intersect just north of the Dogger Bank; all but Norway have rights to the bank itself.
Few parts of the North Sea are more than 300 feet (90 metres) in depth. The floor dips to the north and is irregular. In the south, depths measure less than 120 feet (35 metres); many shallow, shifting banks, presumably of glacial origin, have been reworked by tidal currents. These present serious navigational hazards.
In contrast, the waters deepen in the Norwegian Trench, an unusual depression that runs parallel to the coast of southern Norway from north of Bergen around to Oslo. It is between 15 and 20 miles (20 to 30 km) wide and is some 1,000 feet (300 metres) deep in the vicinity of Bergen, reaching a maximum depth of about 2,300 feet (700 metres) in the Skagerrak.
There are also deep trenches in the western part of the North Sea, including Devils Hole off Edinburgh (where depths exceed 1,500 feet (450 metres)), and Silver Pit (nearly 320 feet (95 metres) deep) off the bay of The Wash. These trenches may have been formed at the time of the last glaciation, when parts of the North Sea were free of ice, and rivers coming off the mainland could have eroded deep channels in the basin floor.
The Dogger Bank is an extensive isolated shoal in the North Sea, lying about 60 miles (100 km) off the northeastern coast of England. It rises 70 feet (20 metres) higher than the surrounding seafloor, is 160 miles (260 km) long and 60 miles wide at the 120-foot (35-metre) level, and reaches its shallowest point (50 feet [15 metres] below the sea surface) at its western end.
The bank is a huge moraine deposited at the southern limit of the last glaciation. For centuries it has been a well-known fishing ground.
The constant mixing of waters in the shallow sea basin provides a rich supply of nutrient salts upon which the lower forms of marine organisms — the basis of the sea’s food chain — depend. The resulting abundance of plant and animal plankton supports a varied and rich supply of commercially valuable fish, including sizable quantities of plaice, cod, haddock, turbot, dabs, and herring, and over the centuries led to Fishery Wars.
The major fishing countries are Norway, Denmark, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands. These days a unique fisheries arrangement, the Common Fisheries Policy, has been adopted by members of the European Community establishing catch quotas each year for the various North Sea species beyond territorial sea limits.
The origin of the name is obscure, but the Dutch dogger (a trawling vessel) was formerly applied to two-masted ships employed in North Sea fishing and, by extension, to their crews (doggermen) and the fish taken (doggerfish).
The lines demarcating the international rights of Great Britain, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, and Norway to the North Sea intersect just north of the Dogger Bank; all but Norway have rights to the bank itself.
Few parts of the North Sea are more than 300 feet (90 metres) in depth. The floor dips to the north and is irregular. In the south, depths measure less than 120 feet (35 metres); many shallow, shifting banks, presumably of glacial origin, have been reworked by tidal currents. These present serious navigational hazards.
In contrast, the waters deepen in the Norwegian Trench, an unusual depression that runs parallel to the coast of southern Norway from north of Bergen around to Oslo. It is between 15 and 20 miles (20 to 30 km) wide and is some 1,000 feet (300 metres) deep in the vicinity of Bergen, reaching a maximum depth of about 2,300 feet (700 metres) in the Skagerrak.
There are also deep trenches in the western part of the North Sea, including Devils Hole off Edinburgh (where depths exceed 1,500 feet (450 metres)), and Silver Pit (nearly 320 feet (95 metres) deep) off the bay of The Wash. These trenches may have been formed at the time of the last glaciation, when parts of the North Sea were free of ice, and rivers coming off the mainland could have eroded deep channels in the basin floor.
The Dogger Bank is an extensive isolated shoal in the North Sea, lying about 60 miles (100 km) off the northeastern coast of England. It rises 70 feet (20 metres) higher than the surrounding seafloor, is 160 miles (260 km) long and 60 miles wide at the 120-foot (35-metre) level, and reaches its shallowest point (50 feet [15 metres] below the sea surface) at its western end.
The bank is a huge moraine deposited at the southern limit of the last glaciation. For centuries it has been a well-known fishing ground.
The constant mixing of waters in the shallow sea basin provides a rich supply of nutrient salts upon which the lower forms of marine organisms — the basis of the sea’s food chain — depend. The resulting abundance of plant and animal plankton supports a varied and rich supply of commercially valuable fish, including sizable quantities of plaice, cod, haddock, turbot, dabs, and herring, and over the centuries led to Fishery Wars.
The major fishing countries are Norway, Denmark, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands. These days a unique fisheries arrangement, the Common Fisheries Policy, has been adopted by members of the European Community establishing catch quotas each year for the various North Sea species beyond territorial sea limits.
The origin of the name is obscure, but the Dutch dogger (a trawling vessel) was formerly applied to two-masted ships employed in North Sea fishing and, by extension, to their crews (doggermen) and the fish taken (doggerfish).
The lines demarcating the international rights of Great Britain, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, and Norway to the North Sea intersect just north of the Dogger Bank; all but Norway have rights to the bank itself.
Few parts of the North Sea are more than 300 feet (90 metres) in depth. The floor dips to the north and is irregular. In the south, depths measure less than 120 feet (35 metres); many shallow, shifting banks, presumably of glacial origin, have been reworked by tidal currents. These present serious navigational hazards.
In contrast, the waters deepen in the Norwegian Trench, an unusual depression that runs parallel to the coast of southern Norway from north of Bergen around to Oslo. It is between 15 and 20 miles (20 to 30 km) wide and is some 1,000 feet (300 metres) deep in the vicinity of Bergen, reaching a maximum depth of about 2,300 feet (700 metres) in the Skagerrak.
There are also deep trenches in the western part of the North Sea, including Devils Hole off Edinburgh (where depths exceed 1,500 feet (450 metres)), and Silver Pit (nearly 320 feet (95 metres) deep) off the bay of The Wash. These trenches may have been formed at the time of the last glaciation, when parts of the North Sea were free of ice, and rivers coming off the mainland could have eroded deep channels in the basin floor.
The Dogger Bank is an extensive isolated shoal in the North Sea, lying about 60 miles (100 km) off the northeastern coast of England. It rises 70 feet (20 metres) higher than the surrounding seafloor, is 160 miles (260 km) long and 60 miles wide at the 120-foot (35-metre) level, and reaches its shallowest point (50 feet [15 metres] below the sea surface) at its western end.
The bank is a huge moraine deposited at the southern limit of the last glaciation. For centuries it has been a well-known fishing ground.
The constant mixing of waters in the shallow sea basin provides a rich supply of nutrient salts upon which the lower forms of marine organisms — the basis of the sea’s food chain — depend. The resulting abundance of plant and animal plankton supports a varied and rich supply of commercially valuable fish, including sizable quantities of plaice, cod, haddock, turbot, dabs, and herring, and over the centuries led to Fishery Wars.
The major fishing countries are Norway, Denmark, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands. These days a unique fisheries arrangement, the Common Fisheries Policy, has been adopted by members of the European Community establishing catch quotas each year for the various North Sea species beyond territorial sea limits.
The origin of the name is obscure, but the Dutch dogger (a trawling vessel) was formerly applied to two-masted ships employed in North Sea fishing and, by extension, to their crews (doggermen) and the fish taken (doggerfish).
The lines demarcating the international rights of Great Britain, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, and Norway to the North Sea intersect just north of the Dogger Bank; all but Norway have rights to the bank itself.
Few parts of the North Sea are more than 300 feet (90 metres) in depth. The floor dips to the north and is irregular. In the south, depths measure less than 120 feet (35 metres); many shallow, shifting banks, presumably of glacial origin, have been reworked by tidal currents. These present serious navigational hazards.
In contrast, the waters deepen in the Norwegian Trench, an unusual depression that runs parallel to the coast of southern Norway from north of Bergen around to Oslo. It is between 15 and 20 miles (20 to 30 km) wide and is some 1,000 feet (300 metres) deep in the vicinity of Bergen, reaching a maximum depth of about 2,300 feet (700 metres) in the Skagerrak.
There are also deep trenches in the western part of the North Sea, including Devils Hole off Edinburgh (where depths exceed 1,500 feet (450 metres)), and Silver Pit (nearly 320 feet (95 metres) deep) off the bay of The Wash. These trenches may have been formed at the time of the last glaciation, when parts of the North Sea were free of ice, and rivers coming off the mainland could have eroded deep channels in the basin floor.
The Dogger Bank is an extensive isolated shoal in the North Sea, lying about 60 miles (100 km) off the northeastern coast of England. It rises 70 feet (20 metres) higher than the surrounding seafloor, is 160 miles (260 km) long and 60 miles wide at the 120-foot (35-metre) level, and reaches its shallowest point (50 feet [15 metres] below the sea surface) at its western end.
The bank is a huge moraine deposited at the southern limit of the last glaciation. For centuries it has been a well-known fishing ground.
The constant mixing of waters in the shallow sea basin provides a rich supply of nutrient salts upon which the lower forms of marine organisms — the basis of the sea’s food chain — depend. The resulting abundance of plant and animal plankton supports a varied and rich supply of commercially valuable fish, including sizable quantities of plaice, cod, haddock, turbot, dabs, and herring, and over the centuries led to Fishery Wars.
The major fishing countries are Norway, Denmark, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands. These days a unique fisheries arrangement, the Common Fisheries Policy, has been adopted by members of the European Community establishing catch quotas each year for the various North Sea species beyond territorial sea limits.
The origin of the name is obscure, but the Dutch dogger (a trawling vessel) was formerly applied to two-masted ships employed in North Sea fishing and, by extension, to their crews (doggermen) and the fish taken (doggerfish).
The lines demarcating the international rights of Great Britain, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, and Norway to the North Sea intersect just north of the Dogger Bank; all but Norway have rights to the bank itself.
Few parts of the North Sea are more than 300 feet (90 metres) in depth. The floor dips to the north and is irregular. In the south, depths measure less than 120 feet (35 metres); many shallow, shifting banks, presumably of glacial origin, have been reworked by tidal currents. These present serious navigational hazards.
In contrast, the waters deepen in the Norwegian Trench, an unusual depression that runs parallel to the coast of southern Norway from north of Bergen around to Oslo. It is between 15 and 20 miles (20 to 30 km) wide and is some 1,000 feet (300 metres) deep in the vicinity of Bergen, reaching a maximum depth of about 2,300 feet (700 metres) in the Skagerrak.
There are also deep trenches in the western part of the North Sea, including Devils Hole off Edinburgh (where depths exceed 1,500 feet (450 metres)), and Silver Pit (nearly 320 feet (95 metres) deep) off the bay of The Wash. These trenches may have been formed at the time of the last glaciation, when parts of the North Sea were free of ice, and rivers coming off the mainland could have eroded deep channels in the basin floor.
John Evelyn's diary: "... where I had business with the Commiss[ione]rs of the Navy, and to receive the second L5,000 imprest for his Majesties service of the sick and wounded prisoners. &c. Thence to our Society where were divers poisons experimented on Animals."
and Pepys: "... away home, Creed with me; and there met Povy; and we to Gresham College, where we saw some experiments upon a hen, a dog, and a cat, of the Florence poyson."
John Evelyn's Diary: "... Afternoon at our Society, where was tried some of the Poysons sent from the King of Macassar out of E. India, so famous for its suddaine operation: we gave it a wounded dog, but it did not succeed."
"... and anon to Gresham College, where, among other good discourse, there was tried the great poison of Maccassa upon a dog,1 but it had no effect all the time we sat there." [Pepys made a communication at this meeting of the information he had received from the master of the Jersey ship, who had been in company of Major Holmes in the Guinea voyage, concerning the pendulum watches (Birch's "History," vol. ii., p. 23).]
It didn't take much to be impressed, Jonathan. Be an orphan, or take a drink at the wrong pub on the wrong evening, or be found guilty of something ... paying people a regular wage to serve is a principle that is generations away.
The New Model Army was the first to pay its soldiers and promise not to impress ... and they found they couldn't afford to keep their promises so in 1659/1660 part of the problem was that the Army refused to disband until Parliament paid up.
Admiral Lawson was beloved by his Parliamentary sailors because he wanted the same commitments for them ... but never got Parliament to agree. Running the Navy without impressment was beyond anyone's imagination.
Vindictive? Coldhearted? The 17th century couldn't afford to be anything else. Congress hadn't shown them how to cook the books and fight an endless war on an unfunded deficit so the grandchildren can pay for it. Which system is more honorable?
"Anyone any info on the tides of the Thames? It appears Sam was caught out today ..."
My guess is that in normal times, this would not have been a problem. Many men who knew about boats were impressed into the navy some months ago. Now there are thousands of people who have recently died, more thousands sick or locked up in pest houses, and yet more thousands who have run away to the country. Manpower was probably the problem. Not many able bodied men who were left wanted to cross the river to London.
Hence Pepys' recent vow to impress the rascals who were unhelpful.
It's funny now to think that Wotton House, Dorking, Surrey was not in the environs of London. But in 1665, Dorking was in the country, and the House was the center of the Wotton Estate and the seat of the Evelyn family.
It was John Evelyn’s birthplace (1620–1706), and he and his elder brother George created the first Italian Garden in England there. Work on the garden started in 1643, was completed by 1652,[1] and it is the house's most famous feature.[2]
1 - At Wotton on his brother's estate he and a relation George Evelyn introduced between 1643 and 1652 what was really the first Italian garden into England, terracing a steep hillside and fitting a little temple into the bottom of it." (Nairn, Pevsner & Cherry 1971, p. 42)
2 - Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1189814)". National Heritage List for England.
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About Edward Mountagu (son of Sandwich, Viscount Hinchingbrooke)
San Diego Sarah • Link
Edward Montagu, Viscount Hinchingbrooke (3 January 1648 – 29 November 1688) was the eldest son of Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich and "My Lady" Jemima Crew Montagu. He was styled Viscount Hinchingbrooke from 1660 until his accession in 1672.
Lord Hinchingbrooke was educated mainly in Paris, where he lived with his Catholic cousin, Abbe Walter Montagu. Edward is said "not to have been much of a scholar".
Hinchingbrooke's betrothal to the heiress Elizabeth Malet was broken off at her request. Instead he married Lady Anne Boyle, daughter of Richard Boyle, 2nd Earl of Cork and Elizabeth Clifford, 2nd Baroness Clifford. They had three children:
1 Edward Montagu, 3rd Earl of Sandwich,
2 Richard Montagu and
3 Elizabeth Montagu.
Anne Boyle Montagu, Countess of Sandwich died in 1671.
Lord Hinchingbrooke was returned for Dover at a contested by-election in 1670 as the court candidate, but with the support of the ‘fanatics’.
In his one session in the Lower House, Hinchingbrooke was appointed to only five committees, none of which was of political importance, and he was named as a court supporter on an opposition list. And in the House of Lords the 2nd Earl of Sandwich was irregular in attendance, being absent from the exclusion vote in 1680.
Nor was he active in public affairs; his lord lieutenancies of Huntingdonshire and Cambridgeshire must have been nominal, because he had retired to France, probably for reasons of health.
About Cranbourne Lodge, Windsor Park
San Diego Sarah • Link
The Surveyor of the Navy, Sir Thomas Aylesbury, was the Keeper of the Chase in the 1630s and his granddaughter, Anne Hyde, was born at Cranbourne Lodge in 1637. Cranbourne remained her childhood home until the age of 12, when the Parliamentary victory at Windsor during the first Civil War gave the Lodge into the possession of Captain James Whitelocke (eldest son of Sir Bulstrode Whitelocke). After the Restoration, Anne Hyde's father, now the Lord Chancellor and the 1st Earl of Clarendon, was given Cranbourne Lodge as a retreat from public life. It was rebuilt in 1665.
About Billiards
San Diego Sarah • Link
The playing of billiards was largely proscribed during the Commonwealth years.
An engraving of Louis XIV playing on a billiard table. Pascal quoted the king in his “Thoughts,” saying billiards was reserved for the nobility. https://www.billard-toulet.com/ab…
The sons of Louis XIV playing table billiards: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/808…
About Billiards
San Diego Sarah • Link
The origin of the Billiards family of games probably comes from the out-door croquet family of games, played during the 14th century in Northern Europe. 'Billiard' is probably a French derivative either from 'billart' (mace) or 'bille' (ball). During the middle ages many sports were played with balls, clubs, maces, bats and/or skittles.
Ground Billiards was played in the 1340s through the 1600s throughout Europe - in Italy it was called 'biglia', in France 'bilhard', in Spain 'virlota' and some say in England it was known as 'ball-yard'. The game apparently led to both Billiards- and Croquet-type games.
The earliest evidence of table Billiards is a 1470 inventory of items purchased by Louis XI of France: "billiard balls and billiard table for pleasure and amusement."
In 1588, Billiard tables were owned by the Dukes of Norfolk and Leicester, and Mary, Queen of Scots had a billiard table in her prison cell while she awaited execution.
Table Billiards was a popular game in France by 1630, and in England it was described in publications during the 1600s including a description by Charles Cotton in 'The Compleat Gamester' published in 1674.
Variations existed, and there were variations in dimensions and equipment. The most popular game was for two players on a table with six pockets, called 'hazards', which were obstacles to be avoided - like bunkers in golf. The table has a hoop at one end (called the Port) and an upright skittle at the other (called the King).
Each player had a ball, which was pushed with a mace (a stick with a special wooden end). The aim was to be the first to put your ball through the Port in the right direction, and then back to touch the King, without knocking either over. The winner was the first to succeed with doing this a number of times - say, 5.
The tables were not flat; the balls were not round; maces were not accurate. The game was as much about knocking the opponent's ball into penalties as about furthering one's own cause. Pushing the opponent's ball into a hazard, the wrong way through the Port, or making it knock over the King was as good as running the Port yourself. If your ball went in the 'wrong' direction, you were deemed a 'fornicator'.
• By the early 1600's, people in Europe started using the mace handle (or 'queue' - 'tail' in French; later 'cue') to hit the ball instead of the head. This was easier if the ball was near the edge of the table, and this technique gradually took over. It isn't that a cue replaced the mace, more that the pointy end of the mace gradually became thinner and was used more while the thick end became less used.
• Balls were originally wooden, but by the end of the 1600s most people played with ivory spheres.
• Cloth covering for billiard tables appeared around 1660, and the quality gradually improved over the centuries.
For more info, see http://www.tradgames.org.uk/games…
About Other illnesses
San Diego Sarah • Link
In the 17th century, Bishops granted licenses to midwives and for the practice of physic. To show the extent to which astrology was recognized as a “hand-maid" or associate of medicine, it is interesting to note that in 1670 Archbishop of Canterbury Sheldon, at the request of Elias Ashmole (who was an acknowledged devotee of astrology), granted a license to practice physic to William Lilly (who for over 25 years had been famous as an astrologer and almanac-maker, and the subject of extensive gossip) as compiler of the "nativities" of celebrities in Church and State.
For more info see https://biblicalstudies.org.uk/pd…
About William Lilly
San Diego Sarah • Link
In the 17th century, Bishops granted licenses to midwives and for the practice of physic. To show the extent to which astrology was recognized as a “hand-maid" or associate of medicine, it is interesting to note that in 1670 Archbishop of Canterbury Sheldon, at the request of Elias Ashmole (who was an acknowledged devotee of astrology), granted a license to practice physic to William Lilly (who for over 25 years had been famous as an astrologer and almanac-maker, and the subject of extensive gossip) as compiler of the "nativities" of celebrities in Church and State.
For more info see https://biblicalstudies.org.uk/pd…...
About Elias Ashmole
San Diego Sarah • Link
In the 17th century, Bishops granted licenses to midwives and for the practice of physic. To show the extent to which astrology was recognized as a “hand-maid" or associate of medicine, it is interesting to note that in 1670 Archbishop of Canterbury Sheldon, at the request of Elias Ashmole (who was an acknowledged devotee of astrology), granted a license to practice physic to William Lilly (who for over 25 years had been famous as an astrologer and almanac-maker, and the subject of extensive gossip) as compiler of the "nativities" of celebrities in Church and State.
For more info see https://biblicalstudies.org.uk/pd…...
About Saturday 12 August 1665
San Diego Sarah • Link
Rev. Thomas Vincent (1634–1678) an English Puritan Calvinistic minister and author.
Thomas Vincent was the second son of John Vincent, elder brother of Nathaniel Vincent (both prominent ministers), born at Hertford in May 1634.
After attending Westminster School, and Felsted grammar school, Essex, Thomas Vincent entered Christ Church, Oxford, in 1648, matriculated 27 February 1651, graduated B.A. March 16, 1652, and M.A. June 1, 1654, when he was chosen catechist.
On leaving Oxford, Thomas Vincent became chaplain to Robert Sidney, 2nd Earl of Leicester.
In 1656 Thomas Vincent was incorporated at Cambridge. He was soon put into the sequestered rectory of St. Mary Magdalene, Milk Street, London, and held it until the Uniformity Act of 1662 ejected him.
Thomas Vincent retired to Hoxton, where he preached privately while assisting Thomas Doolittle in his school at Bunhill Fields.
During 1665, Thomas Vincent preached constantly in parish churches. He said, “And if Monday night was dreadful, Tuesday night was more dreadful, when far the greatest part of the city was consumed: many thousands who on Saturday had houses convenient in the city, both for themselves, and to entertain others, now have not where to lay their head; and the fields are the only receptacle which they can find for themselves and their goods; most of the late inhabitants of London lie all night in the open air, with no other canopy over them but that of the heavens: the fire is still making towards them, and threateneth the suburbs; it was amazing to see how it had spread itself several times in compass; and, amongst other things that night, the sight of Guildhall was a fearful spectacle, which stood the whole body of it together in view, for several hours together, after the fire had taken it, without flames (I suppose because the timber was such solid oak,) in a bright shining coal as if it had been a palace of gold, or a great building of burnished brass.”
Thomas Vincent’s account of the plague in “God’s Terrible Voice in the City by Plague and Fire,” 1667, is graphic; seven in his own household died.
For more information see http://www.apuritansmind.com/puri…...
About Sunday 30 July 1665
San Diego Sarah • Link
"From lightning and tempest, from plague, pestilence and famine, from battle and murder, and from sudden death, Good Lord, deliver us." – The General Supplication from the Book of Common Prayer.
About Wednesday 25 January 1659/60
San Diego Sarah • Link
Talking about Josselin and Hebrew studies:
English scholars studying the Jews made use of Latin Hebrew grammars made available through the academic trade with the continent. The first of many English language Hebrew Grammars was produced by John Udall in 1593. These, in addition to Rabbinic commentaries, proved vital in the production of the Authorized Bible, published in 1611.
The interest in Hebrew remained a concern at the highest levels of Government. In 1647 John Selden and John Lightfoot arranged, on Parliament's behalf, the purchase of £500 of rare Hebrew texts for Cambridge Library. Henry Jessey, John Dury, Nathaniel Holmes (men who would play leading roles in the readmission of the Jews to England) were all renowned for their knowledge of Hebrew.
At the time of Jewish readmission to England [1656], distinguished Hebraists abounded, such as Cambridge John Lightfoot, Ralph Josselin, Edward Pococke and William Gouge. Edmund Gibbon said that "by constant reading of the Rabbis, Lightfoot became almost a Rabbi himself".
This was encouraged by the language planners who wanted to formulate a philosophical, universal language. The most important language planner was John Wilkins but others, including John Dury, Samuel Hartlib, Boyle (Robert?), J. Eliot, W. Bedell and Seth Ward were also deeply interested. These men were aligned with an informal, international circle of scientist scholars, led by Czech reformer Jan Amos Comenius.
This philosophical language would facilitate a perfect, mystical correspondence between words and things, leaving us free, Comenius writes, to: "adjust our concepts of things to the forms of things themselves ... to fit language to a more exact expression of more exact concepts".
Such a language would perfectly reflect thought and reality, increase man's knowledge of the world, perfect his worship of God, and be equivalent to the language spoken by Adam. It would prove the ideal of the Comenius Circle, a "universal antidote to confusion of thought."
These philosophical language planners were convinced Hebrew was the divine lingua humana. They wanted close contacts with the Jews and to embrace Hebraic scholarship, particularly the Kabbalah (which explores the mystical qualities of Hebrew and asked the kind of questions of concern to these men).
Belief in Hebrew as the first language dates back to St. Augustine in the 5th century. By the mid-17th century its antiquity was acknowledged to an unprecedented degree.
During the Commonwealth the antiquity of Hebrew was upheld by University of Edinburgh Grammarian William Robertson. In Hebrew, as he said in his 1654 Hebrew Grammar, one could read the "Oracles of God ... the very first, Primitive, and Original Words of his own Spirit".
Ministers including Thomas Sympson, Joshua Sylvester, John Davis, Edward Leigh and Joseph Caryl shared this sentiment.
For more, see
http://www.readmissionofthejews.b…
About Thursday 10 August 1665
San Diego Sarah • Link
The Dogger Bank.
Highlights from https://www.britannica.com/place/…
The Dogger Bank is an extensive isolated shoal in the North Sea, lying about 60 miles (100 km) off the northeastern coast of England. It rises 70 feet (20 metres) higher than the surrounding seafloor, is 160 miles (260 km) long and 60 miles wide at the 120-foot (35-metre) level, and reaches its shallowest point (50 feet [15 metres] below the sea surface) at its western end.
The bank is a huge moraine deposited at the southern limit of the last glaciation. For centuries it has been a well-known fishing ground.
The constant mixing of waters in the shallow sea basin provides a rich supply of nutrient salts upon which the lower forms of marine organisms — the basis of the sea’s food chain — depend. The resulting abundance of plant and animal plankton supports a varied and rich supply of commercially valuable fish, including sizable quantities of plaice, cod, haddock, turbot, dabs, and herring, and over the centuries led to Fishery Wars.
The major fishing countries are Norway, Denmark, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands. These days a unique fisheries arrangement, the Common Fisheries Policy, has been adopted by members of the European Community establishing catch quotas each year for the various North Sea species beyond territorial sea limits.
The origin of the name is obscure, but the Dutch dogger (a trawling vessel) was formerly applied to two-masted ships employed in North Sea fishing and, by extension, to their crews (doggermen) and the fish taken (doggerfish).
The lines demarcating the international rights of Great Britain, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, and Norway to the North Sea intersect just north of the Dogger Bank; all but Norway have rights to the bank itself.
Few parts of the North Sea are more than 300 feet (90 metres) in depth. The floor dips to the north and is irregular. In the south, depths measure less than 120 feet (35 metres); many shallow, shifting banks, presumably of glacial origin, have been reworked by tidal currents. These present serious navigational hazards.
In contrast, the waters deepen in the Norwegian Trench, an unusual depression that runs parallel to the coast of southern Norway from north of Bergen around to Oslo. It is between 15 and 20 miles (20 to 30 km) wide and is some 1,000 feet (300 metres) deep in the vicinity of Bergen, reaching a maximum depth of about 2,300 feet (700 metres) in the Skagerrak.
There are also deep trenches in the western part of the North Sea, including Devils Hole off Edinburgh (where depths exceed 1,500 feet (450 metres)), and Silver Pit (nearly 320 feet (95 metres) deep) off the bay of The Wash.
These trenches may have been formed at the time of the last glaciation, when parts of the North Sea were free of ice, and rivers coming off the mainland could have eroded deep channels in the basin floor.
About Tuesday 23 May 1665
San Diego Sarah • Link
The Dogger Bank.
Highlights from https://www.britannica.com/place/…
The Dogger Bank is an extensive isolated shoal in the North Sea, lying about 60 miles (100 km) off the northeastern coast of England. It rises 70 feet (20 metres) higher than the surrounding seafloor, is 160 miles (260 km) long and 60 miles wide at the 120-foot (35-metre) level, and reaches its shallowest point (50 feet [15 metres] below the sea surface) at its western end.
The bank is a huge moraine deposited at the southern limit of the last glaciation. For centuries it has been a well-known fishing ground.
The constant mixing of waters in the shallow sea basin provides a rich supply of nutrient salts upon which the lower forms of marine organisms — the basis of the sea’s food chain — depend. The resulting abundance of plant and animal plankton supports a varied and rich supply of commercially valuable fish, including sizable quantities of plaice, cod, haddock, turbot, dabs, and herring, and over the centuries led to Fishery Wars.
The major fishing countries are Norway, Denmark, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands. These days a unique fisheries arrangement, the Common Fisheries Policy, has been adopted by members of the European Community establishing catch quotas each year for the various North Sea species beyond territorial sea limits.
The origin of the name is obscure, but the Dutch dogger (a trawling vessel) was formerly applied to two-masted ships employed in North Sea fishing and, by extension, to their crews (doggermen) and the fish taken (doggerfish).
The lines demarcating the international rights of Great Britain, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, and Norway to the North Sea intersect just north of the Dogger Bank; all but Norway have rights to the bank itself.
Few parts of the North Sea are more than 300 feet (90 metres) in depth. The floor dips to the north and is irregular. In the south, depths measure less than 120 feet (35 metres); many shallow, shifting banks, presumably of glacial origin, have been reworked by tidal currents. These present serious navigational hazards.
In contrast, the waters deepen in the Norwegian Trench, an unusual depression that runs parallel to the coast of southern Norway from north of Bergen around to Oslo. It is between 15 and 20 miles (20 to 30 km) wide and is some 1,000 feet (300 metres) deep in the vicinity of Bergen, reaching a maximum depth of about 2,300 feet (700 metres) in the Skagerrak.
There are also deep trenches in the western part of the North Sea, including Devils Hole off Edinburgh (where depths exceed 1,500 feet (450 metres)), and Silver Pit (nearly 320 feet (95 metres) deep) off the bay of The Wash.
These trenches may have been formed at the time of the last glaciation, when parts of the North Sea were free of ice, and rivers coming off the mainland could have eroded deep channels in the basin floor.
About Friday 1 September 1665
San Diego Sarah • Link
The Dogger Bank.
Highlights from https://www.britannica.com/place/…
The Dogger Bank is an extensive isolated shoal in the North Sea, lying about 60 miles (100 km) off the northeastern coast of England. It rises 70 feet (20 metres) higher than the surrounding seafloor, is 160 miles (260 km) long and 60 miles wide at the 120-foot (35-metre) level, and reaches its shallowest point (50 feet [15 metres] below the sea surface) at its western end.
The bank is a huge moraine deposited at the southern limit of the last glaciation. For centuries it has been a well-known fishing ground.
The constant mixing of waters in the shallow sea basin provides a rich supply of nutrient salts upon which the lower forms of marine organisms — the basis of the sea’s food chain — depend. The resulting abundance of plant and animal plankton supports a varied and rich supply of commercially valuable fish, including sizable quantities of plaice, cod, haddock, turbot, dabs, and herring, and over the centuries led to Fishery Wars.
The major fishing countries are Norway, Denmark, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands. These days a unique fisheries arrangement, the Common Fisheries Policy, has been adopted by members of the European Community establishing catch quotas each year for the various North Sea species beyond territorial sea limits.
The origin of the name is obscure, but the Dutch dogger (a trawling vessel) was formerly applied to two-masted ships employed in North Sea fishing and, by extension, to their crews (doggermen) and the fish taken (doggerfish).
The lines demarcating the international rights of Great Britain, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, and Norway to the North Sea intersect just north of the Dogger Bank; all but Norway have rights to the bank itself.
Few parts of the North Sea are more than 300 feet (90 metres) in depth. The floor dips to the north and is irregular. In the south, depths measure less than 120 feet (35 metres); many shallow, shifting banks, presumably of glacial origin, have been reworked by tidal currents. These present serious navigational hazards.
In contrast, the waters deepen in the Norwegian Trench, an unusual depression that runs parallel to the coast of southern Norway from north of Bergen around to Oslo. It is between 15 and 20 miles (20 to 30 km) wide and is some 1,000 feet (300 metres) deep in the vicinity of Bergen, reaching a maximum depth of about 2,300 feet (700 metres) in the Skagerrak.
There are also deep trenches in the western part of the North Sea, including Devils Hole off Edinburgh (where depths exceed 1,500 feet (450 metres)), and Silver Pit (nearly 320 feet (95 metres) deep) off the bay of The Wash.
These trenches may have been formed at the time of the last glaciation, when parts of the North Sea were free of ice, and rivers coming off the mainland could have eroded deep channels in the basin floor.
About Monday 13 February 1664/65
San Diego Sarah • Link
The Dogger Bank.
Highlights from https://www.britannica.com/place/…
The Dogger Bank is an extensive isolated shoal in the North Sea, lying about 60 miles (100 km) off the northeastern coast of England. It rises 70 feet (20 metres) higher than the surrounding seafloor, is 160 miles (260 km) long and 60 miles wide at the 120-foot (35-metre) level, and reaches its shallowest point (50 feet [15 metres] below the sea surface) at its western end.
The bank is a huge moraine deposited at the southern limit of the last glaciation. For centuries it has been a well-known fishing ground.
The constant mixing of waters in the shallow sea basin provides a rich supply of nutrient salts upon which the lower forms of marine organisms — the basis of the sea’s food chain — depend. The resulting abundance of plant and animal plankton supports a varied and rich supply of commercially valuable fish, including sizable quantities of plaice, cod, haddock, turbot, dabs, and herring, and over the centuries led to Fishery Wars.
The major fishing countries are Norway, Denmark, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands. These days a unique fisheries arrangement, the Common Fisheries Policy, has been adopted by members of the European Community establishing catch quotas each year for the various North Sea species beyond territorial sea limits.
The origin of the name is obscure, but the Dutch dogger (a trawling vessel) was formerly applied to two-masted ships employed in North Sea fishing and, by extension, to their crews (doggermen) and the fish taken (doggerfish).
The lines demarcating the international rights of Great Britain, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, and Norway to the North Sea intersect just north of the Dogger Bank; all but Norway have rights to the bank itself.
Few parts of the North Sea are more than 300 feet (90 metres) in depth. The floor dips to the north and is irregular. In the south, depths measure less than 120 feet (35 metres); many shallow, shifting banks, presumably of glacial origin, have been reworked by tidal currents. These present serious navigational hazards.
In contrast, the waters deepen in the Norwegian Trench, an unusual depression that runs parallel to the coast of southern Norway from north of Bergen around to Oslo. It is between 15 and 20 miles (20 to 30 km) wide and is some 1,000 feet (300 metres) deep in the vicinity of Bergen, reaching a maximum depth of about 2,300 feet (700 metres) in the Skagerrak.
There are also deep trenches in the western part of the North Sea, including Devils Hole off Edinburgh (where depths exceed 1,500 feet (450 metres)), and Silver Pit (nearly 320 feet (95 metres) deep) off the bay of The Wash.
These trenches may have been formed at the time of the last glaciation, when parts of the North Sea were free of ice, and rivers coming off the mainland could have eroded deep channels in the basin floor.
About Wednesday 9 August 1665
San Diego Sarah • Link
On this day... De Ruyter is at Dogger Bank.
Highlights from https://www.britannica.com/place/…
The Dogger Bank is an extensive isolated shoal in the North Sea, lying about 60 miles (100 km) off the northeastern coast of England. It rises 70 feet (20 metres) higher than the surrounding seafloor, is 160 miles (260 km) long and 60 miles wide at the 120-foot (35-metre) level, and reaches its shallowest point (50 feet [15 metres] below the sea surface) at its western end.
The bank is a huge moraine deposited at the southern limit of the last glaciation. For centuries it has been a well-known fishing ground.
The constant mixing of waters in the shallow sea basin provides a rich supply of nutrient salts upon which the lower forms of marine organisms — the basis of the sea’s food chain — depend. The resulting abundance of plant and animal plankton supports a varied and rich supply of commercially valuable fish, including sizable quantities of plaice, cod, haddock, turbot, dabs, and herring, and over the centuries led to Fishery Wars.
The major fishing countries are Norway, Denmark, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands. These days a unique fisheries arrangement, the Common Fisheries Policy, has been adopted by members of the European Community establishing catch quotas each year for the various North Sea species beyond territorial sea limits.
The origin of the name is obscure, but the Dutch dogger (a trawling vessel) was formerly applied to two-masted ships employed in North Sea fishing and, by extension, to their crews (doggermen) and the fish taken (doggerfish).
The lines demarcating the international rights of Great Britain, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, and Norway to the North Sea intersect just north of the Dogger Bank; all but Norway have rights to the bank itself.
Few parts of the North Sea are more than 300 feet (90 metres) in depth. The floor dips to the north and is irregular. In the south, depths measure less than 120 feet (35 metres); many shallow, shifting banks, presumably of glacial origin, have been reworked by tidal currents. These present serious navigational hazards.
In contrast, the waters deepen in the Norwegian Trench, an unusual depression that runs parallel to the coast of southern Norway from north of Bergen around to Oslo. It is between 15 and 20 miles (20 to 30 km) wide and is some 1,000 feet (300 metres) deep in the vicinity of Bergen, reaching a maximum depth of about 2,300 feet (700 metres) in the Skagerrak.
There are also deep trenches in the western part of the North Sea, including Devils Hole off Edinburgh (where depths exceed 1,500 feet (450 metres)), and Silver Pit (nearly 320 feet (95 metres) deep) off the bay of The Wash. These trenches may have been formed at the time of the last glaciation, when parts of the North Sea were free of ice, and rivers coming off the mainland could have eroded deep channels in the basin floor.
About Wednesday 9 August 1665
San Diego Sarah • Link
When did Evelyn and Pepys meet?
Wednesday 19 April 1665
John Evelyn's diary:
"... where I had business with the Commiss[ione]rs of the Navy, and to receive the second L5,000 imprest for his Majesties service of the sick and wounded prisoners. &c. Thence to our Society where were divers poisons experimented on Animals."
and Pepys: "... away home, Creed with me; and there met Povy; and we to Gresham College, where we saw some experiments upon a hen, a dog, and a cat, of the Florence poyson."
see https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
&&&
Wednesday 15 March 1665
John Evelyn's Diary:
"... Afternoon at our Society, where was tried some of the Poysons sent from the King of Macassar out of E. India, so famous for its suddaine operation: we gave it a wounded dog, but it did not succeed."
"... and anon to Gresham College, where, among other good discourse, there was tried the great poison of Maccassa upon a dog,1 but it had no effect all the time we sat there." [Pepys made a communication at this meeting of the information he had received from the master of the Jersey ship, who had been in company of Major Holmes in the Guinea voyage, concerning the pendulum watches (Birch's "History," vol. ii., p. 23).]
See https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
So we know of at least two situations where they were in the same room at the same time before the letters were written.
About Thursday 3 August 1665
San Diego Sarah • Link
It didn't take much to be impressed, Jonathan. Be an orphan, or take a drink at the wrong pub on the wrong evening, or be found guilty of something ... paying people a regular wage to serve is a principle that is generations away.
The New Model Army was the first to pay its soldiers and promise not to impress ... and they found they couldn't afford to keep their promises so in 1659/1660 part of the problem was that the Army refused to disband until Parliament paid up.
Admiral Lawson was beloved by his Parliamentary sailors because he wanted the same commitments for them ... but never got Parliament to agree. Running the Navy without impressment was beyond anyone's imagination.
Vindictive? Coldhearted? The 17th century couldn't afford to be anything else. Congress hadn't shown them how to cook the books and fight an endless war on an unfunded deficit so the grandchildren can pay for it. Which system is more honorable?
About Saturday 5 August 1665
San Diego Sarah • Link
In 1689, after Pepys had retired, a wet-dock for masts was built at Deptford: http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/on…...
Sadly the link is dead ... anyone got a new one?
About Friday 4 August 1665
San Diego Sarah • Link
"Anyone any info on the tides of the Thames? It appears Sam was caught out today ..."
My guess is that in normal times, this would not have been a problem. Many men who knew about boats were impressed into the navy some months ago. Now there are thousands of people who have recently died, more thousands sick or locked up in pest houses, and yet more thousands who have run away to the country. Manpower was probably the problem. Not many able bodied men who were left wanted to cross the river to London.
Hence Pepys' recent vow to impress the rascals who were unhelpful.
About Friday 4 August 1665
San Diego Sarah • Link
It's funny now to think that Wotton House, Dorking, Surrey was not in the environs of London. But in 1665, Dorking was in the country, and the House was the center of the Wotton Estate and the seat of the Evelyn family.
It was John Evelyn’s birthplace (1620–1706), and he and his elder brother George created the first Italian Garden in England there. Work on the garden started in 1643, was completed by 1652,[1] and it is the house's most famous feature.[2]
1 - At Wotton on his brother's estate he and a relation George Evelyn introduced between 1643 and 1652 what was really the first Italian garden into England, terracing a steep hillside and fitting a little temple into the bottom of it." (Nairn, Pevsner & Cherry 1971, p. 42)
2 - Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1189814)". National Heritage List for England.