The "Invisible College" and Gresham College were very unique institutions, because of something called "The Stamford Oath" ...
"Political and religious divisions forestalled any centralized control of university education on the continent. By 1790, Germany had 34 universities, Italy 26; even Spain had 23.
"In England, by contrast, the dominance of Oxford and Cambridge from the 14th to the 19th centuries was the product of a deal. The powerful would protect the two universities, if the two universities protected the powerful.
"`The Stamford Oath,' created by Edward III, and enforced by the two institutions through their skillful deployment of alumni pleading their cause – was, as a result, not important for what it was, or even what it did. Rather, it was significant for what it represented: a mutually supportive alliance between the universities and the powerful English state."
So Charles II's Charters protected The Royal Society from attack for teaching.
I suppose this means Pope Alexander VII is also looking for a cheap "victory" to take people's minds off bad news. And it is a way Rome and Louis XIV can agree on something for future negotiations.
In 1662 the hostile Duc de Crequi was made French ambassador to Rome. By his high-handed abuse of the traditional right of asylum granted to ambassadorial precincts in Rome, he precipitated a quarrel between France and the papacy, which resulted in Pope Alexander VII's temporary loss of Avignon and his forced acceptance of the humiliating Treaty of Pisa in February 1664."
"Warren would pay Pepys to issue warrants exempting from impressment of the seamen on ships bringing essential naval supplies from the Baltic and the Mediterranean (L&M make that clear in a note). Evidently Pepys HAS that power."
Sounds like a new line of fund-raising for Sam. He'll need it if he has to pay the Navy's bills. (DON'T DO IT, SAM. Kings invariably don't pay, and if he does, it won't be in full.)
"baste his coat" His = Tom, not Cooke. Took me a while to figure that out, even with the help of annotations. I suppose it would be scary, but not excessively painful, administered with his coat on.
“On April 4 , 1665 Coventry wrote to Pepys from Harwich about the need for lighters: CSPD 1664-5, p. 292. On April 8. 1665 Pepys lent £100 for the purchase of one: Further Corr., p. 40. (Per L&M footnote)"
Thanks, Terry -- L&M to the rescue. What a visit these two are in for!
I love "... jovial sinner who could understand Charles’ ruling passion.”
Pray which ruling passion was this? The remarks seem to refer to Newmarket and therefore racing, which Charles doesn't seem to have done much of recently. (Not that workaholic Pepys would know.)
Spring Cleaning ... it's April, it must have stopped raining for a few days. Plus for a few days Pepys has been working late and not throwing lunch parties, and so the women could focus on other things.
"Being very glad of this day’s discourse in all but that I fear I shall quite lose Sir G. Carteret, who knows that I have been privately here all this day with Sir Ph. Warwicke. However, I will order it so as to give him as little offence as I can."
Pepys is relieved the Navy Board's dirty secret is now public, and Southampton's problem. Carteret is a friend, and Pepys fears that will end as Carteret will know Pepys has spied on and reported on his business, especially as Carteret knows who Pepys has been meeting with all afternoon. However, Pepys will do his best to explain the circumstances so as to cover for Carteret, and embarrass the old man as little as possible.
Warwick’s instincts at the end of February were right:
“Thence back by coach to Sir Philip Warwicke’s; and there he did contract with me a kind of friendship and freedom of communication, wherein he assures me to make me understand the whole business of the Treasurer’s business of the Navy, that I shall know as well as Sir G. Carteret what money he hath; and will needs have me come to him sometimes, or he meet me, to discourse of things tending to the serving the King: and I am mighty proud and happy in becoming so known to such a man. And I hope shall pursue it."
My guess is that Pepys knew he was in for a long and difficult afternoon, and didn't want to have to excuse himself from a Povy encounter, so no gossip would leak. (I have a feeling there were no eat-and-run meetings with Mr. Povy.)
"Was a day of public humiliation and for success of this terrible war, begun doubtless at secret instigation of the French to weaken the States and Protestant interest."
So John Evelyn has heard about French shenanigans ... Pepys has told us that Louis XIV rented a fleet, but Holmes and Allin have not encountered it. There is movement at French ports, but Sandwich hasn't met their fleet. The Brits have been suspicious of French intentions for a thousand years, and now religion adds to the paranoia. Instead, the French army is fighting the Turks, and preparing for war with Spain next year. But the rumors persist.
While his family lived in Ireland, John Churchill (the future Duke of Marlborough) attended the Free School in Dublin, but in 1663 his studies were transferred to St. Paul's School in London, after his father, Sir Winston Churchill, was recalled as Junior Clerk Comptroller of the King's Household at Whitehall.
"... and Creed lay with me; but, being sleepy, he had no mind to talk about business, which indeed I intended, by inviting him to lie with me ..."
Ralph Berry's editing of this quote got the discussion off on the wrong footing, INHO.
Wary of Creed as Pepys is, he does appear to be his best friend and confidant at this time. Pepys has lacked male companionship for the last few months with Creed at sea ... which brings up a new observation: Everyone seems to have rejoined the fleet. Howe's take-over as Sandwich's aide apparently releases Creed from the fight. So what has Sandwich appointed Creed to do in London to support that new home in the Royal Mews? Pepys apparently has ideas, which I trust will become apparent.
And of course, Creed was mightily transported by Charles Berkeley, Earl of "Falmouth’s kind words to him, and saying that he hath a place in his intention for him, which he believes will be considerable. A witty man he is in every respect, but of no good nature, nor a man ordinarily to be dealt with." https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
"Sharing beds was very common and did not imply anything odd or sexual in the behavior and went on for a considerable time. ... not just because of economic necessity - there are references to Jane's wealthy niece Fanny Austen-Knight sleeping with her governess on occasion (cold? nightmares?)"
How about fun, companionship, convenience, friendship? Elizabeth has her own room now (her bed hung with curtains made from silk flags if I recall right).
This phobia about sharing beds is a new thing. I grew up in England after WWII, when beds, heat and privacy were in short supply at almost every economic level. In about the 1980's many children's books were removed from library shelves which "the authorities" considered not representing the new multi-cultural face of post-war Great Britain. My cousins tell me about this time authors were asked to start writing about children who live in urban flats, and not houses in the country. Not everyone has a garden these days. But apparently everyone has their own bed.
I also remember being sent to stay with friends who had mumps and measles. Things have changed. I hope for the better. When it comes to the freedom to sleep with your friends and share some gossip and time, I think we have lost something precious.
"Gives particulars of the intrigues in France of one Fitzsymons an Irish refugee."
Ooooohhh, my guess a couple of weeks ago about double-faced cousin Louis conspiring with the Irish wasn't so wrong.
However, my 1987 book, "Louis XIV, A Royal Life" by Oliver Bernier doesn't mention these events. He says Louis was gleeful at stopping graft which created a budget surplus, enabling him to dis the Pope and plan for an invasion of Spain in 1666. His mother, Anne of Austria, developed breast cancer in early 1665, and the doctors tortured her by slicing off part of her breasts and the tumor throughout the year. She would probably have lived longer and been more comfortable if they had left her alone ... but she was the Queen Mother, so they had to do something. She dies in early 1666. No mention of Ireland or renting a fleet of ships.
"Among other tricks, there did come a blind fiddler to the doore, and Sir G. Carteret did go to the doore and lead the blind fiddler by the hand in."
What a compassionate thing to do. Perhaps the fiddler played for them? Maybe he wanted to come in but couldn't navigate the room without help, and the old Admiral helped him? It shows Carteret's character either way.
"At my office late writing letters till ready to drop down asleep with my late sitting up of late, and running up and down a-days."
Pepys has a lot on his plate ... don't forget he is shadowing Carteret's work for Warwick (which may account for those recent visits), as well as doing his own work, and he has the Povy Tangier mess to clean up.
SPOILER: How will he find the time to make himself so invaluable to The Royal Society that they make him the President as well? He is amazing.
Comments
Second Reading
About The Royal Society
San Diego Sarah • Link
The "Invisible College" and Gresham College were very unique institutions, because of something called "The Stamford Oath" ...
"Political and religious divisions forestalled any centralized control of university education on the continent. By 1790, Germany had 34 universities, Italy 26; even Spain had 23.
"In England, by contrast, the dominance of Oxford and Cambridge from the 14th to the 19th centuries was the product of a deal. The powerful would protect the two universities, if the two universities protected the powerful.
"`The Stamford Oath,' created by Edward III, and enforced by the two institutions through their skillful deployment of alumni pleading their cause – was, as a result, not important for what it was, or even what it did. Rather, it was significant for what it represented: a mutually supportive alliance between the universities and the powerful English state."
So Charles II's Charters protected The Royal Society from attack for teaching.
For more information, see https://www.historytoday.com/will…
About Monday 10 April 1665
San Diego Sarah • Link
"... the Court of Rome and its emissaries ..."
I suppose this means Pope Alexander VII is also looking for a cheap "victory" to take people's minds off bad news. And it is a way Rome and Louis XIV can agree on something for future negotiations.
In 1662 the hostile Duc de Crequi was made French ambassador to Rome. By his high-handed abuse of the traditional right of asylum granted to ambassadorial precincts in Rome, he precipitated a quarrel between France and the papacy, which resulted in Pope Alexander VII's temporary loss of Avignon and his forced acceptance of the humiliating Treaty of Pisa in February 1664."
For more see http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/0…
About Monday 10 April 1665
San Diego Sarah • Link
"Warren would pay Pepys to issue warrants exempting from impressment of the seamen on ships bringing essential naval supplies from the Baltic and the Mediterranean (L&M make that clear in a note). Evidently Pepys HAS that power."
Sounds like a new line of fund-raising for Sam. He'll need it if he has to pay the Navy's bills. (DON'T DO IT, SAM. Kings invariably don't pay, and if he does, it won't be in full.)
About Monday 10 April 1665
San Diego Sarah • Link
"baste his coat"
His = Tom, not Cooke.
Took me a while to figure that out, even with the help of annotations. I suppose it would be scary, but not excessively painful, administered with his coat on.
About Saturday 8 April 1665
San Diego Sarah • Link
So now we know why Coventry is in Harwich, and why Pepys pays for the lighter.
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
Thursday 6 April 1665
“On April 4 , 1665 Coventry wrote to Pepys from Harwich about the need for lighters: CSPD 1664-5, p. 292. On April 8. 1665 Pepys lent £100 for the purchase of one: Further Corr., p. 40. (Per L&M footnote)"
About Saturday 8 April 1665
San Diego Sarah • Link
Thanks, Terry -- L&M to the rescue. What a visit these two are in for!
I love "... jovial sinner who could understand Charles’ ruling passion.”
Pray which ruling passion was this? The remarks seem to refer to Newmarket and therefore racing, which Charles doesn't seem to have done much of recently. (Not that workaholic Pepys would know.)
About Saturday 8 April 1665
San Diego Sarah • Link
"where I found my house mighty neat and clean."
Spring Cleaning ... it's April, it must have stopped raining for a few days. Plus for a few days Pepys has been working late and not throwing lunch parties, and so the women could focus on other things.
About Saturday 8 April 1665
San Diego Sarah • Link
Thank you, Pedro ... I have been looking everywhere for hints as to what the French were up to.
About Friday 7 April 1665
San Diego Sarah • Link
"Being very glad of this day’s discourse in all but that I fear I shall quite lose Sir G. Carteret, who knows that I have been privately here all this day with Sir Ph. Warwicke. However, I will order it so as to give him as little offence as I can."
Pepys is relieved the Navy Board's dirty secret is now public, and Southampton's problem. Carteret is a friend, and Pepys fears that will end as Carteret will know Pepys has spied on and reported on his business, especially as Carteret knows who Pepys has been meeting with all afternoon. However, Pepys will do his best to explain the circumstances so as to cover for Carteret, and embarrass the old man as little as possible.
About Friday 7 April 1665
San Diego Sarah • Link
Warwick’s instincts at the end of February were right:
“Thence back by coach to Sir Philip Warwicke’s; and there he did contract with me a kind of friendship and freedom of communication, wherein he assures me to make me understand the whole business of the Treasurer’s business of the Navy, that I shall know as well as Sir G. Carteret what money he hath; and will needs have me come to him sometimes, or he meet me, to discourse of things tending to the serving the King: and I am mighty proud and happy in becoming so known to such a man. And I hope shall pursue it."
Thank goodness Pepys did pursue it. Povy and Carteret -- who else doesn't know what he's doing? https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
About Friday 7 April 1665
San Diego Sarah • Link
Why does Sam not want to dine with Povy?
My guess is that Pepys knew he was in for a long and difficult afternoon, and didn't want to have to excuse himself from a Povy encounter, so no gossip would leak. (I have a feeling there were no eat-and-run meetings with Mr. Povy.)
About Wednesday 5 April 1665
San Diego Sarah • Link
"Was a day of public humiliation and for success of this terrible war, begun doubtless at secret instigation of the French to weaken the States and Protestant interest."
So John Evelyn has heard about French shenanigans ... Pepys has told us that Louis XIV rented a fleet, but Holmes and Allin have not encountered it. There is movement at French ports, but Sandwich hasn't met their fleet. The Brits have been suspicious of French intentions for a thousand years, and now religion adds to the paranoia. Instead, the French army is fighting the Turks, and preparing for war with Spain next year. But the rumors persist.
About Thursday 4 February 1663/64
San Diego Sarah • Link
I just discovered this gem:
While his family lived in Ireland, John Churchill (the future Duke of Marlborough) attended the Free School in Dublin, but in 1663 his studies were transferred to St. Paul's School in London, after his father, Sir Winston Churchill, was recalled as Junior Clerk Comptroller of the King's Household at Whitehall.
for more on Churchill:
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.o…
About Tuesday 20 September 1664
San Diego Sarah • Link
I just noticed this in a time-line: On this day on the other side of The Pond:
Maryland passes 1st anti-amalgamation law to stop intermarriage of English women and black men.
Did they pass laws about something that wasn't happening?
About Wednesday 5 April 1665
San Diego Sarah • Link
"... and Creed lay with me; but, being sleepy, he had no mind to talk about business, which indeed I intended, by inviting him to lie with me ..."
Ralph Berry's editing of this quote got the discussion off on the wrong footing, INHO.
Wary of Creed as Pepys is, he does appear to be his best friend and confidant at this time. Pepys has lacked male companionship for the last few months with Creed at sea ... which brings up a new observation: Everyone seems to have rejoined the fleet. Howe's take-over as Sandwich's aide apparently releases Creed from the fight. So what has Sandwich appointed Creed to do in London to support that new home in the Royal Mews? Pepys apparently has ideas, which I trust will become apparent.
And of course, Creed was mightily transported by Charles Berkeley, Earl of "Falmouth’s kind words to him, and saying that he hath a place in his intention for him, which he believes will be considerable. A witty man he is in every respect, but of no good nature, nor a man ordinarily to be dealt with." https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
About Wednesday 5 April 1665
San Diego Sarah • Link
"Sharing beds was very common and did not imply anything odd or sexual in the behavior and went on for a considerable time. ... not just because of economic necessity - there are references to Jane's wealthy niece Fanny Austen-Knight sleeping with her governess on occasion (cold? nightmares?)"
How about fun, companionship, convenience, friendship? Elizabeth has her own room now (her bed hung with curtains made from silk flags if I recall right).
This phobia about sharing beds is a new thing. I grew up in England after WWII, when beds, heat and privacy were in short supply at almost every economic level. In about the 1980's many children's books were removed from library shelves which "the authorities" considered not representing the new multi-cultural face of post-war Great Britain. My cousins tell me about this time authors were asked to start writing about children who live in urban flats, and not houses in the country. Not everyone has a garden these days. But apparently everyone has their own bed.
I also remember being sent to stay with friends who had mumps and measles. Things have changed. I hope for the better. When it comes to the freedom to sleep with your friends and share some gossip and time, I think we have lost something precious.
About Plague
San Diego Sarah • Link
An excellent documentary about the 1665 epidemic in London:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b…
About Saturday 1 April 1665
San Diego Sarah • Link
"Gives particulars of the intrigues in France of one Fitzsymons an Irish refugee."
Ooooohhh, my guess a couple of weeks ago about double-faced cousin Louis conspiring with the Irish wasn't so wrong.
However, my 1987 book, "Louis XIV, A Royal Life" by Oliver Bernier doesn't mention these events. He says Louis was gleeful at stopping graft which created a budget surplus, enabling him to dis the Pope and plan for an invasion of Spain in 1666. His mother, Anne of Austria, developed breast cancer in early 1665, and the doctors tortured her by slicing off part of her breasts and the tumor throughout the year. She would probably have lived longer and been more comfortable if they had left her alone ... but she was the Queen Mother, so they had to do something. She dies in early 1666. No mention of Ireland or renting a fleet of ships.
About Saturday 1 April 1665
San Diego Sarah • Link
"Among other tricks, there did come a blind fiddler to the doore, and Sir G. Carteret did go to the doore and lead the blind fiddler by the hand in."
What a compassionate thing to do. Perhaps the fiddler played for them? Maybe he wanted to come in but couldn't navigate the room without help, and the old Admiral helped him? It shows Carteret's character either way.
About Saturday 1 April 1665
San Diego Sarah • Link
"At my office late writing letters till ready to drop down asleep with my late sitting up of late, and running up and down a-days."
Pepys has a lot on his plate ... don't forget he is shadowing Carteret's work for Warwick (which may account for those recent visits), as well as doing his own work, and he has the Povy Tangier mess to clean up.
SPOILER: How will he find the time to make himself so invaluable to The Royal Society that they make him the President as well? He is amazing.