CORRECTION: I got carried away again ... Pepys couldn't see the hearse (and presumably Juxon's body) because it was morning. So the last paragraph above should read:
On the same site it says Juxon was buried on 9 July 1663, at the Chapel of St. John's College, Oxford, so the hearse would be setting out on a long journey soon after lying at Lambeth Palace for over a month.
The former Archbishop of Canterbury on that hearse was:
William Juxon (1582 – 4 June 1663) was an English churchman, Bishop of London from 1633 to 1649 and Archbishop of Canterbury from 1660 until his death. As Lord High Treasurer and First Lord of the Admiralty, Juxon was the last English clergyman to hold both secular and clerical offices in the medieval tradition of clerical state service. http://www.pepysdiary.com/encyclo…
On the same site it says Juxon was buried on 9 July 1663, at the Chapel of St. John's College, Oxford, so the hearse was setting out on a long journey today after lying at Lambeth Palace for a month. Maybe the Duke went to see him off and Pepys wanted to be seen??? We shall never know ...
Speaking of galley slaves, St. Vincent de Paul was ministering to these unhappy people in early 17th Century France:
"After the poor of the country, Vincent's solicitude was directed towards the convicts in the galleys, who were subject to M. de Gondi as general of the galleys of France. Before being convoyed aboard the galleys, or when illness compelled them to disembark, the condemned convicts were crowded with chains on their legs onto damp dungeons, their only food being black bread and water, while they were covered with vermin and ulcers. Their moral state was still more frightful than their physical misery. Vincent wished to ameliorate both. Assisted by a priest, he began visiting the galley convicts of Paris, speaking kind words to them, doing them every manner of service, however repulsive. He thus won their hearts, converted many of them, and interested in their behalf several persons who came to visit them.
"A house was purchased where Vincent established a hospital. Soon appointed by Louis XIII royal almoner of the galleys, Vincent profited by this title to visit the galleys of Marseilles where the convicts were as unfortunate as at Paris; he lavished his care on them and also planned to build them a hospital; but this he could only do 10 years later. Meanwhile, he gave on the galley of Bordeaux, as on those of Marseilles, a mission which was crowned with success (1625)."
Later St. Vincent freed - presumably French Catholic - Barbary slaves, many of whom toiled as rowers in Galleys:
"Of all the works carried on abroad, none interested Vincent so much as the poor slaves of Barbary, whose lot he had once shared. These were from 25,000 to 30,000 of these unfortunates divided chiefly between Tunis, Algiers, and Bizaerta.
"Christians for the most part, they had been carried off from their families by the Turkish corsairs. They were treated as veritable beasts of burden, condemned to frightful labor, without any corporal or spiritual care.
"Vincent left nothing undone to send them aid. As early as 1645 he sent among them a priest and a brother, who were followed by others. Vincent even had one of these invested with the dignity of consul in order that he might work more efficaciously for the slaves. They gave frequent missions to them, and assured them the services of religion.
"At the same time they acted as agents with their families, and were able to free some of them. Up to the time of St. Vincent's death these missionaries had ransomed 1,200 slaves, and they had expended 1,200,000 liveres in behalf of the slaves of Barbary, not to mention the affronts and persecutions of all kinds which they themselves had endured from the Turks." see: http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/1…
As we know from the Diary, the newly-created Anglican church wasn't very organized, and Charles II headed efforts to ransom back Britons. He wasn't very successful compared to the French.
In the Mediterranean another type of Galley confronted the English sailors, the Genoese Galley:
For pictures see: http://bob.plord.net/Ships/Period… One caption says, "Essentially mass-produced, there was little investment in decoration. At the Battle of Lepanto, 7 October 1571, there were some 27 Genoese galleys, ...."
They were rowed by men, sometimes prisoners or slaves. see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal… "It was only in the early 16th century that the modern idea of the galley slave became commonplace. Galley fleets as well as the size of individual vessels increase in size, which required more rowers. ... It became increasingly common to man galleys with convicts or slaves, which required a simpler method of rowing. The older method of employing professional rowers using the alla sensile method (one oar per man, with two to three sharing the same bench) was gradually phased out in favor of rowing a scaloccio, which required less skill."
"In 1639, at the time of the First Bishops' War, the Queen solicited monetary help from Catholics. In response a meeting of Catholics was held in London ... the collection was entrusted to Montagu and Sir Kenelm Digby. The matter came before Parliament, ... All this made Montagu a marked man, so that when the First English Civil War broke out he left for France. He entered a Benedictine monastery, and was professed in the order. In due course he was ordained priest, became a naturalised subject of France, and was in favour with the Queen-Regent, Marie de Medicis, at whose Court he appears to have resided. Through her influence he was made abbot of the Benedictine monastery at Nanteuil, in the diocese of Metz, and subsequently the commendatory abbacy of St. Martin, near Pontoise, was conferred upon him."
"Queen Henrietta Maria had taken up residence at the Louvre, and had lost her chaplain, Fr. Robert Phillip, an Oratorian and a Scot, who died on 4 January 1647. The abbot [MONTAGU] was chosen his successor, and was also appointed her Majesty's Lord Almoner. Subsequently he resided with her at the Palais Royal, with intervals of retirement to his abbey. Sir Edward Nicholas reported to Edward Hyde in 1652 that Montagu and other Catholics were the cause of the exclusion from the exile court of Thomas Hobbes, a suspected atheist. After the Restoration, and Somerset House had been prepared for her Majesty's reception in 1663, the abbot was summoned to reside with her there, and apparently returned to France with her in June 1665."
"Thence by water with Sir W. Batten to Trinity House, there to dine with him, which we did; ..." On June 15, 1663, Sir William Batten took over from Sir John Mennes as Master of Trinity House. This sounds like a perk of office.
The Officers of The Corporation of Trinity House are elected at the Annual Meeting each year on Trinity Day. (L&M entry) On June 15, 1663, Sir William Batten took over from Sir John Mennes as Master.
On Tuesday, June 30, 1663, Pepys says, "My wife in the country with Ashwell, her woman, with my father; myself at home with W. Hewer and my cook-maid Hannah, my boy Wayneman being lately run away from me."
Hannah was the heroic cook (and cleaner-up-after) of the 4 April 1663 feast in honor of Pepys' 1658 stone-cutting, for which she earned a 12d. tip: http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1…...
I'm puzzled by in Aqua epistula saying "Just in 3 years since Charles said that he would consider others, but now that he has his secret stash [thanks to the Sun King]".
Louis XIV bought Dunkirk in 1662 ... but I presume he bought it from England so the money presumably went to the Treasury. Then we get into SPOILER ALERT territory with secret deals in 1667 and 1670 when Mr. Chaffinch used to take Louis XIV's bullion up Charles II's private apartment's back staircase. Have I forgotten any other cases of secret financing between the cousins?
"1663 has not been recorded as having any unusual weather, other than by Pepys (as far as I know)."
Actually Rev. Josselin has reported rain and mud a lot this winter. Particularly striking recently: Diary of Ralph Josselin -- Sunday 21 June 1663 -- document 70013915
"June 21. A sad wet season, lord hear prayer for mercy to us therein, cause not the fruits of the earth to perish from our mouths. god good to me in the word his favour be extended to me continually for in him do I trust."
He must have been worried about the crops rotting in the ground, or insufficient sunshine to make things ripen correctly.
'Ships of the East India Company were called East Indiamen or simply "Indiamen".' 'In 1607, the Company decided to build its own ships and leased a yard on the River Thames at Deptford. By 1614, the yard having become too small, an alternative site was acquired at Blackwall: the new yard was fully operational by 1617. It was sold in 1656, although ... East India Company ships continued to be built and repaired there under the new owners.' http://www.pepysdiary.com/encyclo… The Brunswick Dock was still in use by the East India Company long after 1803.
"... Genoese gaily in Leghorn Roads was struck by thunder, so as the mast was broke a-pieces, and the shackle upon one of the slaves was melted clear off of his leg without hurting his leg. Sir William went on board the vessel, and would have contributed towards the release of the slave whom Heaven had thus set free, but he could not compass it, and so he was brought to his fetters again."
A Genoese Galley appears to be a certain type of ship: http://bob.plord.net/Ships/Period… One caption says, "Essentially mass-produced, there was little investment in decoration. At the Battle of Lepanto, 7 October 1571, there were some 27 Genoese galleys, ...."
Although not mentioning the word Genoese: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal… "It was only in the early 16th century that the modern idea of the galley slave became commonplace. Galley fleets as well as the size of individual vessels increase in size, which required more rowers. ... It became increasingly common to man galleys with convicts or slaves, which required a simpler method of rowing. The older method of employing professional rowers using the alla sensile method (one oar per man, with two to three sharing the same bench) was gradually phased out in favor of rowing a scaloccio, which required less skill."
So this slave was white, and a prisoner, and Sir William Batten couldn't figure out how to rescue him from his sentence. Or do you think it could have been an African slave, so Sir William didn't want to take someone's property? I am unaware of when African slavery was employed around the Mediterranean, if at all.
http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1… Friday 26 June 1663 Up betimes, and Mr. Moore coming to see me, he and I discoursed of going to Oxford this Commencement, Mr. Nathaniel Crew being Proctor and Mr. Childe commencing Doctor of Musique this year, which I have a great mind to do, and, if I can, will order my matters so that I may do it.
http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1… Friday 26 June 1663 Up betimes, and Mr. Moore coming to see me, he and I discoursed of going to Oxford this Commencement, Mr. Nathaniel Crew being Proctor and Mr. Childe commencing Doctor of Musique this year, which I have a great mind to do, and, if I can, will order my matters so that I may do it.
"... it would be interesting if the sending of the support force had been a state secret in case of defeat." As I recall English troops were stationed in Portugal at the time of Catherine's marriage to Charles II for just this event. I think Pepys would have known if support troops had secretly been sent, as he would have been involved in providing transportation and supplies.
I'm confused again: The first reference to The Chancellor is linked to Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper (Baron Ashley, Chancellor of the Exchequer). "... strike in with the persons that are against the Chancellor; but this he says of him, that he do not say nor do anything to the prejudice of the Chancellor. But he told me that the Chancellor was rising again, and that of late Sir G. Carteret’s business and employment hath not been so full as it used to be while the Chancellor stood up."
The second reference isn't linked to anyone, so presumably Phil Gyford thinks Sir John Mennes is very friendly with Baron Ashley. But Robert Gertz says this Chancellor "happens to be father-in-law of the Duke of York", which would be Edward Hyde.
'He brought an example how he would not let the Castle there be victualled for more than a month, that so he might keep it at his beck, though the people of the town did offer to supply it more often themselves, which, when one did propose to the King, Sir George Carteret being by, says Sir George, “Let me know who they are that would do it, I would with all my heart pay them.” “Ah, by God,” says the Commander that spoke of it, “that is it that they are afeard of, that you would hug them,” meaning that he would not endure them.'
Why on earth would Carteret not allow Elizabeth Castle to be reprovisioned, since it was his Castle? and I presume the end means that Carteret asks for the names of the volunteers so that he could punish them for offering? Jersey was Puritan, but they loved Charles, and so far as I can tell, them seem to have been good Royalists during Carteret's time.
Comments
Second Reading
About Friday 3 July 1663
San Diego Sarah • Link
I was thinking it was a long time to keep the Archbishop's body there, then I remembered the awful weather, which could account for the delay.
About Friday 3 July 1663
San Diego Sarah • Link
CORRECTION: I got carried away again ... Pepys couldn't see the hearse (and presumably Juxon's body) because it was morning. So the last paragraph above should read:
On the same site it says Juxon was buried on 9 July 1663, at the Chapel of St. John's College, Oxford, so the hearse would be setting out on a long journey soon after lying at Lambeth Palace for over a month.
About Friday 3 July 1663
San Diego Sarah • Link
The former Archbishop of Canterbury on that hearse was:
William Juxon (1582 – 4 June 1663) was an English churchman, Bishop of London from 1633 to 1649 and Archbishop of Canterbury from 1660 until his death. As Lord High Treasurer and First Lord of the Admiralty, Juxon was the last English clergyman to hold both secular and clerical offices in the medieval tradition of clerical state service. http://www.pepysdiary.com/encyclo…
On the same site it says Juxon was buried on 9 July 1663, at the Chapel of St. John's College, Oxford, so the hearse was setting out on a long journey today after lying at Lambeth Palace for a month. Maybe the Duke went to see him off and Pepys wanted to be seen??? We shall never know ...
About Galley
San Diego Sarah • Link
Speaking of galley slaves, St. Vincent de Paul was ministering to these unhappy people in early 17th Century France:
"After the poor of the country, Vincent's solicitude was directed towards the convicts in the galleys, who were subject to M. de Gondi as general of the galleys of France. Before being convoyed aboard the galleys, or when illness compelled them to disembark, the condemned convicts were crowded with chains on their legs onto damp dungeons, their only food being black bread and water, while they were covered with vermin and ulcers. Their moral state was still more frightful than their physical misery. Vincent wished to ameliorate both. Assisted by a priest, he began visiting the galley convicts of Paris, speaking kind words to them, doing them every manner of service, however repulsive. He thus won their hearts, converted many of them, and interested in their behalf several persons who came to visit them.
"A house was purchased where Vincent established a hospital. Soon appointed by Louis XIII royal almoner of the galleys, Vincent profited by this title to visit the galleys of Marseilles where the convicts were as unfortunate as at Paris; he lavished his care on them and also planned to build them a hospital; but this he could only do 10 years later. Meanwhile, he gave on the galley of Bordeaux, as on those of Marseilles, a mission which was crowned with success (1625)."
Later St. Vincent freed - presumably French Catholic - Barbary slaves, many of whom toiled as rowers in Galleys:
"Of all the works carried on abroad, none interested Vincent so much as the poor slaves of Barbary, whose lot he had once shared. These were from 25,000 to 30,000 of these unfortunates divided chiefly between Tunis, Algiers, and Bizaerta.
"Christians for the most part, they had been carried off from their families by the Turkish corsairs. They were treated as veritable beasts of burden, condemned to frightful labor, without any corporal or spiritual care.
"Vincent left nothing undone to send them aid. As early as 1645 he sent among them a priest and a brother, who were followed by others. Vincent even had one of these invested with the dignity of consul in order that he might work more efficaciously for the slaves. They gave frequent missions to them, and assured them the services of religion.
"At the same time they acted as agents with their families, and were able to free some of them. Up to the time of St. Vincent's death these missionaries had ransomed 1,200 slaves, and they had expended 1,200,000 liveres in behalf of the slaves of Barbary, not to mention the affronts and persecutions of all kinds which they themselves had endured from the Turks."
see: http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/1…
As we know from the Diary, the newly-created Anglican church wasn't very organized, and Charles II headed efforts to ransom back Britons. He wasn't very successful compared to the French.
About Galley
San Diego Sarah • Link
In the Mediterranean another type of Galley confronted the English sailors, the Genoese Galley:
For pictures see: http://bob.plord.net/Ships/Period… One caption says, "Essentially mass-produced, there was little investment in decoration. At the Battle of Lepanto, 7 October 1571, there were some 27 Genoese galleys, ...."
They were rowed by men, sometimes prisoners or slaves.
see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal…
"It was only in the early 16th century that the modern idea of the galley slave became commonplace. Galley fleets as well as the size of individual vessels increase in size, which required more rowers. ... It became increasingly common to man galleys with convicts or slaves, which required a simpler method of rowing. The older method of employing professional rowers using the alla sensile method (one oar per man, with two to three sharing the same bench) was gradually phased out in favor of rowing a scaloccio, which required less skill."
About Wednesday 1 July 1663
San Diego Sarah • Link
"... he never was the man that did either look for a Cardinal’s cap for himself, or any body else, meaning Abbot Montagu;"
I nominate Abbot Walter Montagu:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wal…
"In 1639, at the time of the First Bishops' War, the Queen solicited monetary help from Catholics. In response a meeting of Catholics was held in London ... the collection was entrusted to Montagu and Sir Kenelm Digby. The matter came before Parliament, ... All this made Montagu a marked man, so that when the First English Civil War broke out he left for France. He entered a Benedictine monastery, and was professed in the order. In due course he was ordained priest, became a naturalised subject of France, and was in favour with the Queen-Regent, Marie de Medicis, at whose Court he appears to have resided. Through her influence he was made abbot of the Benedictine monastery at Nanteuil, in the diocese of Metz, and subsequently the commendatory abbacy of St. Martin, near Pontoise, was conferred upon him."
"Queen Henrietta Maria had taken up residence at the Louvre, and had lost her chaplain, Fr. Robert Phillip, an Oratorian and a Scot, who died on 4 January 1647. The abbot [MONTAGU] was chosen his successor, and was also appointed her Majesty's Lord Almoner. Subsequently he resided with her at the Palais Royal, with intervals of retirement to his abbey. Sir Edward Nicholas reported to Edward Hyde in 1652 that Montagu and other Catholics were the cause of the exclusion from the exile court of Thomas Hobbes, a suspected atheist. After the Restoration, and Somerset House had been prepared for her Majesty's reception in 1663, the abbot was summoned to reside with her there, and apparently returned to France with her in June 1665."
About Wednesday 1 July 1663
San Diego Sarah • Link
"Thence by water with Sir W. Batten to Trinity House, there to dine with him, which we did; ..." On June 15, 1663, Sir William Batten took over from Sir John Mennes as Master of Trinity House. This sounds like a perk of office.
About Sir William Batten
San Diego Sarah • Link
The Officers of The Corporation of Trinity House are elected at the Annual Meeting each year on Trinity Day. (L&M entry) On June 15, 1663, Sir William Batten took over from Sir John Mennes as Master.
About Sunday 28 June 1663
San Diego Sarah • Link
On Tuesday, June 30, 1663, Pepys says, "My wife in the country with Ashwell, her woman, with my father; myself at home with W. Hewer and my cook-maid Hannah, my boy Wayneman being lately run away from me."
Hannah was the heroic cook (and cleaner-up-after) of the 4 April 1663 feast in honor of Pepys' 1658 stone-cutting, for which she earned a 12d. tip: http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1…...
Apparently she makes possets worthy of note too.
About Tuesday 30 June 1663
San Diego Sarah • Link
I'm puzzled by in Aqua epistula saying
"Just in 3 years since Charles said that he would consider others, but now that he has his secret stash [thanks to the Sun King]".
Louis XIV bought Dunkirk in 1662 ... but I presume he bought it from England so the money presumably went to the Treasury. Then we get into SPOILER ALERT territory with secret deals in 1667 and 1670 when Mr. Chaffinch used to take Louis XIV's bullion up Charles II's private apartment's back staircase. Have I forgotten any other cases of secret financing between the cousins?
About Tuesday 30 June 1663
San Diego Sarah • Link
"1663 has not been recorded as having any unusual weather, other than by Pepys (as far as I know)."
Actually Rev. Josselin has reported rain and mud a lot this winter. Particularly striking recently:
Diary of Ralph Josselin -- Sunday 21 June 1663 --
document 70013915
"June 21. A sad wet season, lord hear prayer for mercy to us therein, cause not the fruits of the earth to perish from our mouths. god good to me in the word his favour be extended to me continually for in him do I trust."
He must have been worried about the crops rotting in the ground, or insufficient sunshine to make things ripen correctly.
About Hannah (Pepys' cookmaid)
San Diego Sarah • Link
CORRECTION: Pepys' stone cutting took place in March, 1658.
About Monday 29 June 1663
San Diego Sarah • Link
'Ships of the East India Company were called East Indiamen or simply "Indiamen".' 'In 1607, the Company decided to build its own ships and leased a yard on the River Thames at Deptford. By 1614, the yard having become too small, an alternative site was acquired at Blackwall: the new yard was fully operational by 1617. It was sold in 1656, although ... East India Company ships continued to be built and repaired there under the new owners.' http://www.pepysdiary.com/encyclo… The Brunswick Dock was still in use by the East India Company long after 1803.
About Friday 26 June 1663
San Diego Sarah • Link
"... Genoese gaily in Leghorn Roads was struck by thunder, so as the mast was broke a-pieces, and the shackle upon one of the slaves was melted clear off of his leg without hurting his leg. Sir William went on board the vessel, and would have contributed towards the release of the slave whom Heaven had thus set free, but he could not compass it, and so he was brought to his fetters again."
A Genoese Galley appears to be a certain type of ship: http://bob.plord.net/Ships/Period… One caption says, "Essentially mass-produced, there was little investment in decoration. At the Battle of Lepanto, 7 October 1571, there were some 27 Genoese galleys, ...."
Although not mentioning the word Genoese:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal… "It was only in the early 16th century that the modern idea of the galley slave became commonplace. Galley fleets as well as the size of individual vessels increase in size, which required more rowers. ... It became increasingly common to man galleys with convicts or slaves, which required a simpler method of rowing. The older method of employing professional rowers using the alla sensile method (one oar per man, with two to three sharing the same bench) was gradually phased out in favor of rowing a scaloccio, which required less skill."
So this slave was white, and a prisoner, and Sir William Batten couldn't figure out how to rescue him from his sentence. Or do you think it could have been an African slave, so Sir William didn't want to take someone's property? I am unaware of when African slavery was employed around the Mediterranean, if at all.
About Dr Nathaniel Crew
San Diego Sarah • Link
http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1…
Friday 26 June 1663
Up betimes, and Mr. Moore coming to see me, he and I discoursed of going to Oxford this Commencement, Mr. Nathaniel Crew being Proctor and Mr. Childe commencing Doctor of Musique this year, which I have a great mind to do, and, if I can, will order my matters so that I may do it.
About William Child
San Diego Sarah • Link
http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1…
Friday 26 June 1663
Up betimes, and Mr. Moore coming to see me, he and I discoursed of going to Oxford this Commencement, Mr. Nathaniel Crew being Proctor and Mr. Childe commencing Doctor of Musique this year, which I have a great mind to do, and, if I can, will order my matters so that I may do it.
About Thursday 25 June 1663
San Diego Sarah • Link
"... it would be interesting if the sending of the support force had been a state secret in case of defeat." As I recall English troops were stationed in Portugal at the time of Catherine's marriage to Charles II for just this event. I think Pepys would have known if support troops had secretly been sent, as he would have been involved in providing transportation and supplies.
About Wednesday 24 June 1663
San Diego Sarah • Link
Thanks, Phil.
About Wednesday 24 June 1663
San Diego Sarah • Link
I'm confused again: The first reference to The Chancellor is linked to Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper (Baron Ashley, Chancellor of the Exchequer). "... strike in with the persons that are against the Chancellor; but this he says of him, that he do not say nor do anything to the prejudice of the Chancellor. But he told me that the Chancellor was rising again, and that of late Sir G. Carteret’s business and employment hath not been so full as it used to be while the Chancellor stood up."
The second reference isn't linked to anyone, so presumably Phil Gyford thinks Sir John Mennes is very friendly with Baron Ashley. But Robert Gertz says this Chancellor "happens to be father-in-law of the Duke of York", which would be Edward Hyde.
About Wednesday 24 June 1663
San Diego Sarah • Link
'He brought an example how he would not let the Castle there be victualled for more than a month, that so he might keep it at his beck, though the people of the town did offer to supply it more often themselves, which, when one did propose to the King, Sir George Carteret being by, says Sir George, “Let me know who they are that would do it, I would with all my heart pay them.” “Ah, by God,” says the Commander that spoke of it, “that is it that they are afeard of, that you would hug them,” meaning that he would not endure them.'
Why on earth would Carteret not allow Elizabeth Castle to be reprovisioned, since it was his Castle? and I presume the end means that Carteret asks for the names of the volunteers so that he could punish them for offering? Jersey was Puritan, but they loved Charles, and so far as I can tell, them seem to have been good Royalists during Carteret's time.