At the start of Episode 3 of "The Baroque Tradition: From St. Peter's to St. Paul's" -- hosted by Waldemar Januszczak -- he says The Queen's House was England's first Baroque building. It was the tiny crack through which the Baroque movement poured into England, and credits Charles I with fostering it. I recommend watching the whole series! https://video.search.yahoo.com/se…
The 17th century was the age of Baroque art. It was the Roman Catholic's way of making the Catholic counter-reformation available to the masses.
It started in Rome, as explained in Episode 1 of "The Baroque Tradition: From St. Peter's to St. Paul's" -- hosted by Waldemar Januszczak -- but I recommend watching the whole series! https://video.search.yahoo.com/se…
Our Wiki page says "Charles I became a passionate and knowledgeable art collector, amassing one of the finest art collections ever assembled. In Spain, he sat for a sketch by Velázquez, and acquired works by Titian and Correggio, among others. In England, his commissions included the ceiling of the Banqueting House, Whitehall, by Rubens and paintings by other artists from the Low Countries such as van Honthorst, Mytens, and van Dyck. His close associates, including the first Duke of Buckingham and the Earl of Arundel, shared his interest and have been dubbed the Whitehall Group. In 1627 and 1628, Charles purchased the entire collection of the Duke of Mantua, which included work by Titian, Correggio, Raphael, Caravaggio, del Sarto and Mantegna. His collection grew further to encompass Bernini, Bruegel, Leonardo, Holbein, Hollar, Tintoretto and Veronese, and self-portraits by both Dürer and Rembrandt. By Charles's death, there were an estimated 1,760 paintings, most of which were sold and dispersed by Parliament."
At what cost! The Duke of Mantua's collection used funds collected for the liberation of the Isle de Re. This collection could probably have paid the ships tax. Was it a source of the Civil Wars? I think so -- but they would probably have happened any ways.
Some of these Baroque works of art are highlighted in Episode 2 of "The Baroque Tradition: From St. Peter's to St. Paul's" -- hosted by Waldemar Januszczak -- but I recommend watching the whole series! https://video.search.yahoo.com/se…
A full-throated defense of Rubens -- with information about his stay in England -- can be found in Episode 2 of "The Baroque Tradition: From St. Peter's to St. Paul's" -- hosted by Waldemar Januszczak -- but I recommend watching the whole series! https://video.search.yahoo.com/se…
A full-throated defense of Rubens -- with many examples located in Antwerp -- can be found Episode 2 of "The Baroque Tradition: From St. Peter's to St. Paul's" -- hosted by Waldemar Januszczak -- but I recommend watching the whole series! https://video.search.yahoo.com/se…
According to our Wiki page, Sir Charles Gerard "... went to Brussels, where in April [1657] he received instructions to raise a troop of horse guards at once and a promise of an allowance of four hundred guilders a day for his family. From Brussels, he returned to Paris in March 1658. He was almost immediately despatched to Amsterdam, apparently for the purpose of chartering ships, and he spent the rest of that year and the first six months of the next partly in the Low Countries and partly at Boulogne, returning to Paris between August and September 1659. There he appears to have spent the latter part of the year, joining Secretary Nicholas at Brussels in the following January.
"From Brussels, in the spring of 1660 Gerard went to Breda (where the King held his court), and in May returned with the King to England. On 17 May 1660, he was commissioned Captain in the Life Guards. He rode at their head in the King's progress to Whitehall on 29 May 1660."
As a Protestant, that time in Brussels must have been 'difficult', as Brussels was the capital of the Catholic Spanish Netherlands, and therefore enjoyed a different form of Baroque artistry and influence than at The Hague, in the Protestant Dutch Republic. Examples and explanations of these baroque influences can be found in Episode 2 of "The Baroque Tradition: From St. Peter's to St. Paul's" -- hosted by Waldemar Januszczak -- but I recommend watching the whole series! https://video.search.yahoo.com/se…
During Pepys' Diary, Brussels was in the Spanish Netherlands. As such, it has more Spanish and religious Baroque influence than we see today in what was the Protestant Dutch Republic. How this was manifested is shown in episode 2 of "The Baroque Tradition: From St. Peter's to St. Paul's" - Waldemar Januszczak https://video.search.yahoo.com/se…
"After all his documentented expenditures on hats, coats and fancy pants ..."
The word “pants” comes from commedia dell’arte, a form of Italian theater dating back to the 16th century, which featured a character archetype named “Pantalone.” Typically, Pantalone was a scheming old villain who eventually became the butt of a joke, and was often costumed in a pair of red, tight-fitting trousers. A similar style of pants, known as “pantaloons” (an anglicized form of “Pantalone”), became popular in England during the Restoration period. For a few hundred years, “pantaloon” referred to various types of trousers, until Americans started using the word “pants” in the early 19th century.
The word “pants” was considered vulgar by some well into the 20th century; in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, saying someone was pants — for instance, “Fred is pants” — was an insult, meaning the person was disliked or untrustworthy. https://historyfacts.com/world-hi…
"In the summer of 1656 Queen Christina left Rome and travelled to France, where she secretly deliberated with Cardinal Mazarin on a war against Naples."
The Kingdom of Naples during the 17th century belonged to Spain. It was a magnet for Italian outcasts, the second largest city in Europe after Paris, and a den of unemployed iniquity. The Baroque Tradition: From St. Peter's to St. Paul's - Waldemar Januszczak https://video.search.yahoo.com/se…
Our Wiki entry ways: "Shortly after her [EX-QUEEN CHRISTINA OF SWEDEN] arrival in Rome, she quickly became the centre of Roman fashion and parties. However, following the pre-Lenten Carnival in 1656, Alexander VII quickly regretted having invited her to Rome since there existed an atmosphere of immorality which was linked to the Carnival. While the pontiff had originally hoped that Christina would become an inspiration for those considering conversion to the faith, he was dismayed that her interests were primarily political, even to the point that she helped plot the conquest of Naples with Cardinal Mazarin."
The Kingdom of Naples during the 17th century belonged to Spain. It was a magnet for Italian outcasts, the second largest city in Europe after Paris, and a den of unemployed iniquity. The Baroque Tradition: From St. Peter's to St. Paul's - Waldemar Januszczak https://video.search.yahoo.com/se…
Well, Alter Kacker, the ceremony was essentially the same. But the Pomp and Circumstances surrounding the coronation are up to the Palace and Prime Minister to agree on these days, since it is a State occasion, unlike the late Queen's funeral which was a family expense.
Charles II was out to WOW the crowd and impress them with his regime's divine duty/right/ability to rule. Charles III and Rishi Sunak were more conscious of the mood of the British people, and while everything was splendid and appropriate, with nods to tradition, history, diversity, family, the Commonwealth, the environment, community participation, poetry, school children, etc., etc., the day was more restrained than I remember at the 1953 coronation. Good crowd turnout, despite the rain. Lovely horses, and the fabulous but uncomfortable golden coach took the new King and Queen home from the Abbey. Great music with the combined choirs of St. Paul's and Westminster Abbey. The Royal School of Embroidery at Hampton Court had evidentally been very busy all year.
I suspect the banquet at Buck House that followed was excellent, with the best of everything -- but not to the excess of Charles II's, who was not environmentally-sensative in any way. He thought excess was good -- it fed the poor.
In 2023 there was no fighting in the Cathedral over the spoils that I could see. And the service was quite short, so I don't think anyone had to leave early, presumably to piss in the churchyard.
"So home, where Will and the boy staid and saw the show upon Towre Hill, and Jane at T. Pepys’s, the Turner, and my wife at Charles Glassecocke’s, ..."
So everyone except his sister got to see the parade? Pall is indeed on the lowest rung of the stepladder in the household.
"East Indy Company of Holland" -- amazing how long the British have had this [lazy?] habit of calling The Netherlands "Holland". This is like calling the USA "Texas", or referring to the UK of GB "England", "Wales", "Scotland" or "Ireland".
The "United East India Company", or "United East Indies Company" (also known by the abbreviation "VOC" in Dutch) was the brainchild of Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, the leading statesman of the independent Dutch Republic (AKA The United Providences).
Note; this did not include the Dutch people living under Spanish occupation in the other half of the country.
A later thought: Last month we assumed Pepys' fund-raising was for costumes and parties for the Coronation. Now we find the Navy/victualers paying for part of the event at least, and him wearing a coat he bought 6 months ago. The fund-raising could have been for the staircase????!!!!
If I were writing my above annotations today, I'd be less sure that Penn's son was William Jr.
According to Adm. Sir William Penn MP's website https://www.historyofparliamenton… he has 2 sons. The younger one is never mentioned by name in Pepys' Diary, so we have no Encyclopedia page for him. We have no independent corroberation that William Jr. came to the Coronation.
Has anyone read a biography of either Penns with more info???
The building belongs to the Navy. The recently-departed plasterers and painters were Navy employees, and someone had found the official accounting entry which covered the payment. So I had assumed these carpenters were also Navy employees, and the work approved by Treasurer Slingsby.
If this was correct, I would think all the carpenters were technically "foreigners" and not members of the City of London guild, but obviously that's not the case. I am kerfuffled.
I recently broke my right arm, and find typing really hard. If someone can find those account's link, maybe we can find out who paid for the staircase? That might give us some clues.
Comments
Third Reading
About The Queen's House (Greenwich)
San Diego Sarah • Link
At the start of Episode 3 of "The Baroque Tradition: From St. Peter's to St. Paul's" -- hosted by Waldemar Januszczak -- he says The Queen's House was England's first Baroque building. It was the tiny crack through which the Baroque movement poured into England, and credits Charles I with fostering it. I recommend watching the whole series!
https://video.search.yahoo.com/se…
About Rome, Italy
San Diego Sarah • Link
The 17th century was the age of Baroque art. It was the Roman Catholic's way of making the Catholic counter-reformation available to the masses.
It started in Rome, as explained in Episode 1 of "The Baroque Tradition: From St. Peter's to St. Paul's" -- hosted by Waldemar Januszczak -- but I recommend watching the whole series!
https://video.search.yahoo.com/se…
About Charles Stuart (I, King 1600-1649)
San Diego Sarah • Link
Our Wiki page says "Charles I became a passionate and knowledgeable art collector, amassing one of the finest art collections ever assembled. In Spain, he sat for a sketch by Velázquez, and acquired works by Titian and Correggio, among others. In England, his commissions included the ceiling of the Banqueting House, Whitehall, by Rubens and paintings by other artists from the Low Countries such as van Honthorst, Mytens, and van Dyck. His close associates, including the first Duke of Buckingham and the Earl of Arundel, shared his interest and have been dubbed the Whitehall Group. In 1627 and 1628, Charles purchased the entire collection of the Duke of Mantua, which included work by Titian, Correggio, Raphael, Caravaggio, del Sarto and Mantegna. His collection grew further to encompass Bernini, Bruegel, Leonardo, Holbein, Hollar, Tintoretto and Veronese, and self-portraits by both Dürer and Rembrandt. By Charles's death, there were an estimated 1,760 paintings, most of which were sold and dispersed by Parliament."
At what cost! The Duke of Mantua's collection used funds collected for the liberation of the Isle de Re. This collection could probably have paid the ships tax. Was it a source of the Civil Wars? I think so -- but they would probably have happened any ways.
Some of these Baroque works of art are highlighted in Episode 2 of "The Baroque Tradition: From St. Peter's to St. Paul's" -- hosted by Waldemar Januszczak -- but I recommend watching the whole series!
https://video.search.yahoo.com/se…
About Peter Paul Rubens
San Diego Sarah • Link
A full-throated defense of Rubens -- with information about his stay in England -- can be found in Episode 2 of "The Baroque Tradition: From St. Peter's to St. Paul's" -- hosted by Waldemar Januszczak -- but I recommend watching the whole series!
https://video.search.yahoo.com/se…
About Antwerp, Belgium
San Diego Sarah • Link
A full-throated defense of Rubens -- with many examples located in Antwerp -- can be found Episode 2 of "The Baroque Tradition: From St. Peter's to St. Paul's" -- hosted by Waldemar Januszczak -- but I recommend watching the whole series!
https://video.search.yahoo.com/se…
About Sir Charles Gerard (1st Baron Gerard of Brandon)
San Diego Sarah • Link
According to our Wiki page, Sir Charles Gerard "... went to Brussels, where in April [1657] he received instructions to raise a troop of horse guards at once and a promise of an allowance of four hundred guilders a day for his family. From Brussels, he returned to Paris in March 1658. He was almost immediately despatched to Amsterdam, apparently for the purpose of chartering ships, and he spent the rest of that year and the first six months of the next partly in the Low Countries and partly at Boulogne, returning to Paris between August and September 1659. There he appears to have spent the latter part of the year, joining Secretary Nicholas at Brussels in the following January.
"From Brussels, in the spring of 1660 Gerard went to Breda (where the King held his court), and in May returned with the King to England. On 17 May 1660, he was commissioned Captain in the Life Guards. He rode at their head in the King's progress to Whitehall on 29 May 1660."
As a Protestant, that time in Brussels must have been 'difficult', as Brussels was the capital of the Catholic Spanish Netherlands, and therefore enjoyed a different form of Baroque artistry and influence than at The Hague, in the Protestant Dutch Republic.
Examples and explanations of these baroque influences can be found in Episode 2 of "The Baroque Tradition: From St. Peter's to St. Paul's" -- hosted by Waldemar Januszczak -- but I recommend watching the whole series!
https://video.search.yahoo.com/se…
About Flanders
San Diego Sarah • Link
During Pepys' Diary, Brussels was in the Spanish Netherlands. As such, it has more Spanish and religious Baroque influence than we see today in what was the Protestant Dutch Republic.
How this was manifested is shown in episode 2 of "The Baroque Tradition: From St. Peter's to St. Paul's" - Waldemar Januszczak
https://video.search.yahoo.com/se…
About Saturday 9 November 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
"After all his documentented expenditures on hats, coats and fancy pants ..."
The word “pants” comes from commedia dell’arte, a form of Italian theater dating back to the 16th century, which featured a character archetype named “Pantalone.” Typically, Pantalone was a scheming old villain who eventually became the butt of a joke, and was often costumed in a pair of red, tight-fitting trousers.
A similar style of pants, known as “pantaloons” (an anglicized form of “Pantalone”), became popular in England during the Restoration period.
For a few hundred years, “pantaloon” referred to various types of trousers, until Americans started using the word “pants” in the early 19th century.
The word “pants” was considered vulgar by some well into the 20th century; in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, saying someone was pants — for instance, “Fred is pants” — was an insult, meaning the person was disliked or untrustworthy.
https://historyfacts.com/world-hi…
About Christina of Sweden (Queen of Sweden, 1632-1654)
San Diego Sarah • Link
"In the summer of 1656 Queen Christina left Rome and travelled to France, where she secretly deliberated with Cardinal Mazarin on a war against Naples."
The Kingdom of Naples during the 17th century belonged to Spain. It was a magnet for Italian outcasts, the second largest city in Europe after Paris, and a den of unemployed iniquity.
The Baroque Tradition: From St. Peter's to St. Paul's - Waldemar Januszczak
https://video.search.yahoo.com/se…
About Pope Alexander VII
San Diego Sarah • Link
Our Wiki entry ways:
"Shortly after her [EX-QUEEN CHRISTINA OF SWEDEN] arrival in Rome, she quickly became the centre of Roman fashion and parties. However, following the pre-Lenten Carnival in 1656, Alexander VII quickly regretted having invited her to Rome since there existed an atmosphere of immorality which was linked to the Carnival. While the pontiff had originally hoped that Christina would become an inspiration for those considering conversion to the faith, he was dismayed that her interests were primarily political, even to the point that she helped plot the conquest of Naples with Cardinal Mazarin."
The Kingdom of Naples during the 17th century belonged to Spain. It was a magnet for Italian outcasts, the second largest city in Europe after Paris, and a den of unemployed iniquity.
The Baroque Tradition: From St. Peter's to St. Paul's - Waldemar Januszczak
https://video.search.yahoo.com/se…
About George Villiers (2nd Duke of Buckingham)
San Diego Sarah • Link
GEORGE VILLIERS
SECOND DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM
1628-1687
A STUDY IN THE HISTORY OF THE RESTORATION
BY WINIFRED, LADY BURGHCLERE
WITH PORTRAITS AND ILLUSTRATIONS
LONDON
JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET, W,
1903
Available free on line:
https://archive.org/stream/cu3192…
About Tuesday 23 April 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
GEORGE VILLIERS
SECOND DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM
1628-1687
A STUDY IN THE HISTORY OF THE RESTORATION
BY WINIFRED, LADY BURGHCLERE
WITH PORTRAITS AND ILLUSTRATIONS
LONDON
JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET, W,
1903
Available free on line:
https://archive.org/stream/cu3192…
I'm going to study this as George 2 is a puzzle to me! Thanks, 徽柔 .
About Tuesday 23 April 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
GEORGE VILLIERS
SECOND DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM
1628-1687
A STUDY IN THE HISTORY OF THE RESTORATION
BY WINIFRED, LADY BURGHCLERE
WITH PORTRAITS AND ILLUSTRATIONS
LONDON
JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET, W,
1903
Available free on line:
https://archive.org/stream/cu3192…
About Sunday 21 April 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
Thanks, Alison -- and yes, I am right-handed and typing hurts like ^%$$! A month to go before the cast comes off.
About Tuesday 23 April 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
Well, Alter Kacker, the ceremony was essentially the same.
But the Pomp and Circumstances surrounding the coronation are up to the Palace and Prime Minister to agree on these days, since it is a State occasion, unlike the late Queen's funeral which was a family expense.
Charles II was out to WOW the crowd and impress them with his regime's divine duty/right/ability to rule.
Charles III and Rishi Sunak were more conscious of the mood of the British people, and while everything was splendid and appropriate, with nods to tradition, history, diversity, family, the Commonwealth, the environment, community participation, poetry, school children, etc., etc., the day was more restrained than I remember at the 1953 coronation.
Good crowd turnout, despite the rain. Lovely horses, and the fabulous but uncomfortable golden coach took the new King and Queen home from the Abbey. Great music with the combined choirs of St. Paul's and Westminster Abbey. The Royal School of Embroidery at Hampton Court had evidentally been very busy all year.
I suspect the banquet at Buck House that followed was excellent, with the best of everything -- but not to the excess of Charles II's, who was not environmentally-sensative in any way. He thought excess was good -- it fed the poor.
In 2023 there was no fighting in the Cathedral over the spoils that I could see. And the service was quite short, so I don't think anyone had to leave early, presumably to piss in the churchyard.
It's worth watching -- and hearing -- even now.
About Monday 22 April 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
"So home, where Will and the boy staid and saw the show upon Towre Hill, and Jane at T. Pepys’s, the Turner, and my wife at Charles Glassecocke’s, ..."
So everyone except his sister got to see the parade? Pall is indeed on the lowest rung of the stepladder in the household.
About Saturday 20 April 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
"East Indy Company of Holland" -- amazing how long the British have had this [lazy?] habit of calling The Netherlands "Holland". This is like calling the USA "Texas", or referring to the UK of GB "England", "Wales", "Scotland" or "Ireland".
The "United East India Company", or "United East Indies Company" (also known by the abbreviation "VOC" in Dutch) was the brainchild of Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, the leading statesman of the independent Dutch Republic (AKA The United Providences).
Note; this did not include the Dutch people living under Spanish occupation in the other half of the country.
About Sunday 21 April 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
A later thought: Last month we assumed Pepys' fund-raising was for costumes and parties for the Coronation. Now we find the Navy/victualers paying for part of the event at least, and him wearing a coat he bought 6 months ago.
The fund-raising could have been for the staircase????!!!!
About Monday 22 April 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
If I were writing my above annotations today, I'd be less sure that Penn's son was William Jr.
According to Adm. Sir William Penn MP's website
https://www.historyofparliamenton…
he has 2 sons. The younger one is never mentioned by name in Pepys' Diary, so we have no Encyclopedia page for him.
We have no independent corroberation that William Jr. came to the Coronation.
Has anyone read a biography of either Penns with more info???
About Sunday 21 April 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
This foreigner word is a puzzle.
The building belongs to the Navy. The recently-departed plasterers and painters were Navy employees, and someone had found the official accounting entry which covered the payment. So I had assumed these carpenters were also Navy employees, and the work approved by Treasurer Slingsby.
If this was correct, I would think all the carpenters were technically "foreigners" and not members of the City of London guild, but obviously that's not the case. I am kerfuffled.
I recently broke my right arm, and find typing really hard. If someone can find those account's link, maybe we can find out who paid for the staircase? That might give us some clues.