"HEr will speak truth, her scorns to tell you tales, Was gallant things, cal'd prophesies in ƲƲales Truer then Mandivill, which do assure us Arthurus quandom Rex, & Rex futurus: Law there; nay more, our Merlin farther goes Descending to our times, and points at those, Who shall disturb our peace, and raise strange wars Amongst our selves, with horrid civil Jars, Murder with rapine, and saith that Sais Kee Shall plundra Kefill glace, and Kefill Dee, From honest Taffy; that the Mole or want Shall undermine us, and our Rights supplant: This Mole Expositors with one consent Do call the long-taild ramping-Parliament: That this is come to pass none can deny Though Cutterell mawr, himself were standing by; An other in his learned rimes doth say, The Lions whelp is forc't to fly away, And that the 7th of Ireland he shall be Again restored unto his Royalty, Hall, Ned, Mall, Bess, James, and two Charles, I wiss Make just up seaven; our Merlin doth not misse And that in express termes a Monk shall bring And reinvest great Charles our sacred King: And look you here now, is not this all true Her will speak one word more and so adieu When all this is full-filld, then draweth on The time we call naw mish Capisteron; And whats that Hugh? I'le tell the tis a time When such as thou shall up a ladder clime, Not unto Peter, Porter at heaven gate, But there to fetch a swing or two, thy fate Will have it so, and if it be thy chance Amongst the traitors for to lead the daunce, Thou shalt not turn alone, there will be more To follow the upon the self same score, To traverse ground, to change to turn and fling and cut strong Capers in a hempen string; I need not name them, Hugh, thou knowst u'm well, They'l make a lusty Cushing dance to hell: But yet me thinks, it is not very fit That men alone without some femal chit Should make a Ball, send for thy deer Nan Hedge, For whom in former time thou wast a pledge; Though M•rss the Goaler brought her back again To wood-street Counter, and there lod'g the If one will not suffice, then send for more The world well knowes Hugh Peters loves a— And though, his calling of the soul takes care, Yet honest Hugh will give the flesh a share, And teach his Auditors, how they may see, And finde out Puss sitting in Majesty: The surpless he abhors yet loves the smock, And when he fails of that heel use the frock, And so disgui'ed he thought the world to mock When Martyred Charles his head lay on the block:
John Carew MP opposition to Cromwell was reflected in his rumored involvement in 1654 in the Wildman Plot with its call to arms against the Protector, and in his demand for the release of 2 Fifth Monarchist preachers, Christopher Feake and John Rogers, in Feb. 1655.
Refusing to recognize the legitimacy of the regime, John Carew MP declined to answer a summons from Cromwell, saying that 'when the little [Barebone's] Parliament was dissolved [Cromwell] took the crown off from the head of Christ and put it upon his own' (Firth, 2.244). This led to Carew imprisonment in mid-Feb. 1655, where he remained, visited by the likes of the Fifth Monarchist Anna Trapnel, until Oct., 1656.
John Carew MP declined to join Thomas Venner's planned Fifth Monarchist rising in 1657.
By early 1658 John Carew MP represented those millenarians who undertook to be baptized, and who sought an alliance with the Baptists, with whom Carew held discussions at Dorchester.
John Carew MP was eligible to sit in the restored Rump Parliament in May 1659, but although he was reappointed as a Navy Commissioner (26 May), he made no recorded impression on the proceedings, and was eventually fined £100 for his absence.
John Carew MP did not return to the Commons before the Restoration, but neither did he flee in 1660.
Confusion over the warrant for John Carew’s arrest delayed his apprehension, and ensured he was exempted from the Pardon and subjected to trial as a regicide.
Indicted on 10 October, 1660, John Carew MP was brought to trial 2 days later to face witnesses who testified to his presence in the high court and identified his signature on the warrant. Carew denied being 'moved by the devil' to participate in the trial, and professed obedience to God's 'holy and righteous laws' and the authority of an act of parliament (State trials, 5.1052). Such speeches, together with his attempt to justify the trial in the context of the 1640s, provoked the court to claim that he aimed 'to blow the trumpet of sedition' (ibid., 5.1055).
Found guilty, John Carew MP was executed at Charing Cross on 15 October, 1660, although his family was granted his body for private burial rather than having to suffer the ignominy of its public display. Carew went to the scaffold expecting to receive a 'glorious crown' from Christ, and confident his prosecutors would be destroyed by the wrath of God, and by the 'resurrection of this cause' (Ludlow, 226). He said that his own blood would 'warm the blood that had been shed, and cause notable execution to come down upon the head of their enemy' (ibid., 217).
Carew, John (1622–1660), politician and regicide, was born on 3 July 1622, the second son of Sir Richard Carew, 1st baronet (1579/80–1643?), experimenter and educationist, of Antony, Cornwall, and his second wife, Grace (1603/4–1658), daughter of Robert Rolle of Heanton Satchville, Devon.
He was admitted to Gloucester Hall, Oxford, on 9 March 1638, and to the Inner Temple in November 1639, but received no formal qualifications.
Elected to parliament as a recruiter MP for Tregony, Cornwall, in late February 1647, John Carew MP soon emerged as an independent, although he made little impression in the house before Pride's Purge in Dec. 1648.
John Carew MP was involved in preparing the trial of King Charles and, although he initially sought to avoid participating in the proceedings, supported its legitimacy, proved to be one of the most assiduous commissioners, and signed the death warrant.
An energetic member of the Rump, John Carew MP served on the army committee and the committee for plundered ministers, and was elected to the council of state in February and November 1651.
John Carew MP’s interests included the disposal of church and crown property, and cases regarding suspects and delinquents. He demonstrated enthusiasm for legal reform and was involved in selecting the Hale Commission, and displayed concern for social reform and the welfare of the poor, the indebted, and the imprisoned.
During the First Anglo-Dutch War John Carew MP developed an expertise in both diplomatic relations and naval affairs.
Carew also became identifiable as a leading millenarian and Fifth Monarchist, alongside his close friend Major Gen. Thomas Harrison.
John Carew MP represented Devon in Barebone's assembly of 'saints', and was reappointed to the council of state in July and Nov., 1653, but although identifiable as a supporter of religious toleration Carew's preoccupation with his duties as a navy commissioner precluded him from an active role in the Commons.
Carew did not object to government by a single person, but soon expressed his hostility to the Cromwellian protectorate and his suspicion regarding its hereditary pretensions in a work called “The Grand Catastrophe” (Jan. 1654).
Prior to the Reformation, theologians interpreted the prophecies metaphorically, but with the upheaval of the English Civil Wars, more literal views took root. At this time, the struggles against King Charles became symbols of the struggles of Christ and the Saints against the Anti-Christ. It was a way to make sense of a chaotic upheaval and look forward to utopia. People needed a measure of control in a world gone mad. The over-throw of the monarchy was equated with the end of the fourth, or base, kingdom and King Charles was an agent of the Anti-Christ. They even had a year for this new Kingdom: 1666.
Like many millenarians of that time, the Fifth Monarchists saw themselves as Saints, the preordained elect and chosen ones. They saw it as their calling to prepare the way for King Christ and the New Jerusalem.
The following were their requirements: legal reform, purging the clergy, abolishing tithes, imposing puritanical morality and reducing taxes. The reduction of taxes and law reform sounds familiar.
Some of the Fifth Monarchists, like Major-Gen. Thomas Harrison, even offered to serve without pay if it lowered taxes, but even then, the courts were clogged with meaningless lawsuits.
Purging the clergy meant these Saints could remove clergy if they were deemed to preach outside the prescribed doctrine; abolishing tithes involved tearing down the state church.
The Fifth Monarchists became an organized political body in 1651. Before that, members were content to bear witness to the new society. But when it became apparent the Rump Parliament was not furthering a more godly society, they decided to act. The movement had its roots in urban centers, mostly concentrated around London.
Outside London, groups were scattered around southern England with a couple of chapters in Wales. Many were tradespeople, often in the cloth and leather industries, but an important source of recruitment was the army.
Their spokesman became Major-Gen. Thomas Harrison, member of the Council of State and president of the Commission for the Propagation of the Gospel in Wales.
Another notable Fifth Monarchist was John Carew, also on the Council of State.
Both Major-Gen. Thomas Harrison and John Carew served as commissioners during the trial of King Charles and were amongst those who signed his death warrant.
Their first meeting was held at Allhallows Church in London in December 1651, led by preachers Christopher Feake, John Simpson and Henry Jessey. Prior to this, they did try to gain Cromwell’s support, but while Cromwell wanted reform, he had a different idea on how to achieve it.
To understand their position, it’s necessary to understand their core religious beliefs: The Fifth Monarchists believed in the Millennium, when the Kingdom of Heaven would be realized on earth. Their name relates to the Fifth Kingdom, a utopia described in the book of Daniel that follows after the rise and fall of four successive kingdoms. In the prophecy, the first four kingdoms became progressively baser as the ages progressed, and were thought to be Babylon (gold), Persia (silver), Greece (bronze) and Rome (iron mixed with clay). “In the time of those kings, the God of heaven will set up a kingdom that will never be destroyed, nor will it be left to another people. It will crush all those kingdoms and bring them to an end, but it will itself endure forever.” (Daniel 2:44)
The preoccupation with prophecy and celestial portents became common during the 16th and 17th century, and many theologians debated the meaning of prophetic tracts such as the book of Daniel and Revelations.
I think the executioner was Edward Dunn (born ?, executioner from 1649 - 1663)
https://www.historydefined.net/ja… [The infamous Jack] "Ketch apprenticed under Edward Dunn and succeeded him as an executioner in 1663. Dunn apprenticed under Richard Brandon, who famously executed King Charles."
Clearly, conducting a hanging, drawing and quartering was not something for which the executioner had much experience. If Harrison did punch Dunn during the process -- which Pepys would surely have reported if he was paying attention/looking -- it shows Dunn (or whoever) needed to hang the subject longer, but was doing this with the utmost cruelty, possibly from ignorance.
"Bat. Hatch begun his year October 14: and is to continue until october 13. at night 1660. he is to have 10d. per diem every working day. and 2 meals meat in the week."
Barth Hatch must have been a servant, farm hand and/or church warden -- or all three. Assuming a 6-day week, that's 5s. a week or a maximum of 13/. a year, plus lunch every working day, 2 of which must include meat.
There are fewer farm working days in the winter, but presumably more people die then, so perhaps he doubled as a grave digger? Or he could have been used repairing the barns, equipment and church grounds, or helping the often-pregnant Mrs. Josselin.
That's triple what Jane Birch earns, but she lives with the Pepys, has her clothes provided, and gets all her meals.
Punishments were generally public spectacles, with the populace encouraged to attend as it was a demonstration of the punishment of bad behavior, and the power of the authorities. I suspect the Fifth Monarchists in the crowd would have taken home handkerchiefs dipped in Harrison's martyred blood.
Harrison had been cruel to many people during his 30 year career, not least of which were the Welsh. This was an eye-for-an-eye justice, and people understood that, even if it was gruesome.
Wikipedia has an incomplete list of people hung drawn and quartered, which shows that 3 people were punished this way during the interregnum: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lis…
With his uncompromising Fifth Monarchist beliefs, Thomas Harrison MP came to be regarded as a dangerous opponent of the Protectorate. He was imprisoned 4 times between 1653 and 1658 on suspicion of involvement in various plots and insurrections. Harrison's attempts to seek election to the First and Second Protectorate Parliaments were blocked by the government.
After Oliver Cromwell's death, Thomas Harrison lived quietly in Staffordshire, supporting neither Richard Cromwell, the Army Grandees nor the republican Commonwealthsmen in the political turmoil that followed. His inactivity may have been the result of declining health brought about by his war wounds and his periods of imprisonment. He made no response to Lambert's last desperate attempt to rally support for the "Good Old Cause" on the eve of the Restoration.
With the return of the monarchy imminent, Thomas Harrison MP was among the first of the regicides to be singled out for punishment. He stood by his principles and made no attempt to escape. Parliament ordered Harrison's arrest.
Maj. Gen. Thomas Harrison MP was imprisoned in the Tower of London in May 1660. At his trial in October 1660, Harrison asserted he had acted in the name of the Parliament of England and by its authority. He was convicted and sentenced to be hanged, drawn and quartered on 13 Oct., 1660 at Charing Cross.
Maj. Gen. Thomas Harrison MP went bravely to his gruesome death, his religious zeal undiminished to the end. According to one account, whilst being quartered, he struggled to his feet and boxed the executioner's ears.
Maj. Gen. Thomas Harrison MP was regarded as a martyr by the Fifth Monarchists, who believed that he would rise again to judge his judges and restore the rule of the Saints.
Sources: Maurice Ashley, Cromwell's Generals (London 1954) Bernard Capp, The Fifth Monarchy Men (London 1972) C.H. Firth, Thomas Harrison, DNB, 1891 Ian J. Gentles, Thomas Harrison, Oxford DNB, 2004 Austin Woolrych, Commonwealth to Protectorate (London 1982)
The Fifth Monarchy By the early 1650s, Col. John Harrison was associated with the Fifth Monarchist sect. He sponsored the radicals Vavasor Powell, John Simpson and Christopher Feake to preach before the Rump Parliament, although their criticisms of the government were not appreciated.
In his zeal to establish the rule of the Saints, Harrison secured the expulsion from Parliament of Lord Howard of Escrick for accepting bribes, and of Gregory Clement MP for committing adultery.
Col. Thomas Harrison MP grew increasingly hostile towards the Rump for its lethargy in implementing radical reform, and played an active role in Cromwell's dissolution of Parliament in April 1653, during which Harrison is said to have pulled Speaker Lenthall out of the Chair and ejected him from the Chamber.
In the constitutional discussions that followed the expulsion of Parliament, Col. John Harrison MP proposed a government based upon the Old Testament Sanhedrin of 70 elected "Saints". This model was adapted as the Nominated Assembly ("Barebones Parliament"), which governed England from July to December 1653.
Maj. Gen. Thomas Harrison MP influenced the nomination of several Fifth Monarchists and Welsh Saints to the Assembly, and he sat as one of 5 co-opted members.
Harrison headed the radical faction, calling for the abolition of tithes and the excise, and reform of the law. But Maj. Gen. Harrison MP was not an effective politician. He had no patience for committee work or parliamentary debate and his attendance at the Assembly was erratic. Like other Fifth Monarchists, Harrison called for the continuation of the Anglo-Dutch War, believing it was part of the violent process which started with the civil war and the beheading of King Charles, and would lead ultimately to the overthrow of the Antichrist (the Pope) and the reign of Christ on Earth.
In December 1653 — less than 6 months after the inauguration of the Nominated Assembly — moderates voted to surrender its powers to Cromwell. Maj. Gen. Thomas Harrison MP fiercely opposed the dissolution of the "Parliament of Saints" and refused to acknowledge the Protectorate set up in its place. Cromwell reluctantly withdrew his army commission on 21 Dec., 1653.
When Col. Sheffield declared his support for the Presbyterians, Major Thomas Harrison MP was given command of his cavalry regiment. He emerged as one of the most radical of the Army officers. He opposed further negotiations with King Charles, who denounced Harrison as the "Man of Blood" in November 1647.
During the Second Civil War, Major Thomas Harrison MP joined Major-Gen. Lambert's army holding the north against the Engagers.
On 18 July, 1648, Harrison distinguished himself by holding off an attack by Sir Marmaduke Langdale on Lambert's quarters at Appleby. He captured the enemy's colors, but was badly wounded during the skirmish.
Although his regiment played a major role in the battle of Preston in Aug. 1648, Major Thomas Harrison MP was probably not present as by Nov. 1648, he was back in London.
Col. Thomas Harrison MP acted as a mediator between Henry Ireton and John Lilburne in negotiations to gain Leveller support for King Charles' trial.
Col. Thomas Harrison MP commanded the military escort that brought King Charles to Windsor and then to London in January 1649. Royalists were outraged this duty was entrusted to the fanatical Harrison. King Charles believed Harrison intended to murder him, but was surprised to find him courteous and correct in his behavior.
Col. Thomas Harrison MP sat as a judge at King Charles' trial; he was a signatory of the death warrant; and he was commissioned to supervise security at his funeral.
In January 1649, Col. Thomas Harrison MP was nominated to the Council of State. At first, his nomination was rejected by Parliament because of his extremist views. Harrison finally took a seat on the Council in February 1651.
Meanwhile, in 1650 Col. Harrison was appointed president of the Commission for the Propagation of the Gospel in Wales — a body empowered to seize church livings and to fund Puritan missionaries in Wales, where the Anglican clergy had been influential in raising Royalist support. Harrison was virtually military governor of Wales and gained a reputation for severity.
Promoted to the rank of major-general in 1651, Thomas Harrison MP commanded the army left to guard England during Cromwell's invasion of Scotland.
When Charles II and his Covenanter allies invaded England in August 1651, Maj. Gen. Thomas Harrison MP marched to head them off from London. He linked up with Cromwell's main force and fought at the decisive battle of Worcester in September 1651.
Zealous army officer who rose to high military and political office; he was a leader of the Fifth Monarchy Men and an unrepentant Regicide.
Thomas Harrison was the second of 4 children and the only son of Richard Harrison (d.1653), a butcher who became an alderman and was 4 times mayor of Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire, and his wife Mary.
Harrison was probably educated at a local grammar school, then went to London where he became clerk to Mr. Hulk, an attorney at Clifford's Inn.
When the First Civil War broke out in August 1642, Thomas Harrison volunteered for Parliament and served as a trooper in the Earl of Essex's lifeguard, which was recruited from among the young gentlemen of the Inns of Court.
In 1644, Thomas Harrison accompanied Charles Fleetwood when he transferred to Edward Montagu, Earl of Manchester's Eastern Association army.
Harrison became a major in Charles Fleetwood's regiment of horse, which was noted as one of the most radical in religion in the Parliamentarian army.
Major Harrison was denounced as an Anabaptist by Manchester's Presbyterian officers, but praised as God-fearing and zealous by Oliver Cromwell.
Harrison fought at Marston Moor in July 1644 and was sent after the battle to report Parliament's victory to the Committee of Both Kingdoms.
Major Thomas Harrison's praise of Cromwell and the Independent faction greatly annoyed the Scots and Presbyterians on the committee.
After the second battle of Newbury (October 1644), Harrison strongly supported Cromwell in his dispute with Edward Montagu, Earl of Manchester.
Harrison remained in Charles Fleetwood's regiment when it transferred to the New Model Army in 1645.
Harrison fought at the decisive battle of Naseby.
At the battle of Langport in July 1645, Major Harrison was observed by the chaplain Richard Baxter to break into a rapturous psalm of praise when the Royalists began to fall back.
Major Thomas Harrison was an enthusiastic participant in the slaughter of the Catholic defenders of Basing House, which Cromwell took by storm in October 1645.
In 1646, Major Harrison was elected to the Long Parliament as recruiter MP for Wendover.
Major Thomas Harrison MP married his cousin Catherine in 1646. They had 3 children, none of whom survived infancy.
From January to May 1647, Harrison served in Ireland at the request of Viscount Lisle when he took up his appointment as lord-lieutenant.
When Harrison returned to England, he became actively involved in the political dispute between the New Model Army and Parliament. He was one of the officers who signed the letter sent to London outlining the Army's grievances on 10 June, 1647, and was among those appointed by Gen. Thomas, Lord Fairfax to negotiate with Parliament's commissioners.
"... my Lady Sandwich is come to town to-day, whereupon I went to Westminster to see her, and found her at supper, so she made me sit down all alone with her, and after supper staid and talked with her, she showing me most extraordinary love and kindness, ..."
I understand why Sandwich doesn't include Elizabeth in his dinners with Pepys, since they discuss a lot of business and career ideas.
But I wonder why Jemima didn't include Elizabeth in this invite to an apparently spontaneous, casual supper.
L&M adds that Pepys did not think much of Slingsby's "Discourse on the State of the Navy" written in 1660, but not published until 1801, but kept copies in his library.
CORRECTION: Norwood wasn't related to Batten. No idea where that came from!!! So he was another friend of the Navy Board's, and of Sandwich in particular (he was a go-beween with Charles II leading up to the Restoration, per L&M).
"... some ulterior motive for wanting to ingratiate himself with these gents."
I think Sir Will had more venison than he and Lady Batten could possibly eat, so he took "the boys" with him to share the wealth. That's what they did in those days. Waste not, want not.
Plus the Navy Board were still getting to know each other as colleagues. The Sir Wills had history: both self-made West Countrymen: Penn was apprenticed in 1638 to Batten, under whom he served in the Parliamentary navy. When Batten defected briefly to the Royalists in 1648, Penn came under suspicion. The university-educated newcomer, Pepys, had made 2 short voyages with his cousin, the turncoat rich Army man who now calls himself Sandwich, and Pepys clearly didn't know a spinnaker from a genoa. There was little use for Latin in the Navy Office. Let's hope he knows a credit from a debit. None of them knew Col. Slingsby from Adam, who was another land-lubber. Sir George Carteret, an impeccable Royalist from Jersey who went to sea at 14, was a Treasurer who knew nothing about accounting. And they were entertaining, not suppliers, but Batten's brother-in-law and a couple of cronies. Washington was a half-uncle to the 2nd Duke of Buckingham so maybe he had connections, and Brett must have been a friend of some sort.
This was a small event in the on-going efforts at team-making. Penn and Batten would know more about that than Pepys, who never had to be a leader of men and who, like Dick Wilson, probably just looked on this as another free lunch. But he was being sized-up for character by his elders.
Sir Edward Brett, Kt. Birthdate: circa 1608 Birthplace: Toddington, Bedfordshire. Death: February 12, 1683 Blendon Hall, Bexley, Kent.
Immediate Family: Son of William Brett, Esq. and Mary Brett Husband of Barbara Brett Brother of Mary Isham; Elizabeth Brett; Richard Brett; John Brett; Francis Brett and 6 others https://www.geni.com/people/Sir-E…
@@@
Sir Edward Brett's will was proved 17 Mar., 1683. Having no children and his wife predeceasing him, he left a bequest of 20/. to his church, and in a codicil also left bequests to the descendants his sister Mary Brett (1604-1682), wife of William Isham (1587-1627). https://www.ancestry.com/sharing/…
Brief Life History of Henry Washington (1615 - 1664)
When Col. Henry Washington was born on 21 March ,1615, in Worcestershire, his father, William Washington, was 23 and his mother, Lady Anne Villiers, was 29. He was the eldest son and heir. He married Elizabeth about 1638, in Worcestershire. They were the parents of at least 4 daughters: Mary Washington 1639–1681 Penelope Washington 1643–1697 Katherine Washington 1645–? Elizabeth Washington 1647–?
Col. Henry Washington, baptised 21 March 1615, was the son of Sir William Washington and Anne, daughter of Sir George Villiers (c. 1550–1605). [So she was a half-sister of the 1st Duke of Buckingham! - SDS] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geo…
Col. Henry fought in the English Civil War and was [the Royalist - SDS] Governor of Worcester in 1646. He died in March 1664, and was buried at Richmond, Surrey.
Family Washington married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Pakington, 1st Baronet.
Elizabeth Pakington Washington survived Col. Henry, and married Samuel Sandys of Ombersley.
Col Henry and Lady Elizabeth Pakington Washington had 4 daughters who survived him, Mary (died 1681), Cathrine whose married name was Forster, and two others. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geo…
Comments
Third Reading
About Hugh Peters
San Diego Sarah • Link
THE WELSH HUBUB, Or the Unkennelling and Earthing of HUGH PETERS That Crafty Fox.
https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo…
"HEr will speak truth, her scorns to tell you tales,
Was gallant things, cal'd prophesies in ƲƲales
Truer then Mandivill, which do assure us
Arthurus quandom Rex, & Rex futurus:
Law there; nay more, our Merlin farther goes
Descending to our times, and points at those,
Who shall disturb our peace, and raise strange wars
Amongst our selves, with horrid civil Jars,
Murder with rapine, and saith that Sais Kee
Shall plundra Kefill glace, and Kefill Dee,
From honest Taffy; that the Mole or want
Shall undermine us, and our Rights supplant:
This Mole Expositors with one consent
Do call the long-taild ramping-Parliament:
That this is come to pass none can deny
Though Cutterell mawr, himself were standing by;
An other in his learned rimes doth say,
The Lions whelp is forc't to fly away,
And that the 7th of Ireland he shall be
Again restored unto his Royalty,
Hall, Ned, Mall, Bess, James, and two Charles, I wiss
Make just up seaven; our Merlin doth not misse
And that in express termes a Monk shall bring
And reinvest great Charles our sacred King:
And look you here now, is not this all true
Her will speak one word more and so adieu
When all this is full-filld, then draweth on
The time we call naw mish Capisteron;
And whats that Hugh? I'le tell the tis a time
When such as thou shall up a ladder clime,
Not unto Peter, Porter at heaven gate,
But there to fetch a swing or two, thy fate
Will have it so, and if it be thy chance
Amongst the traitors for to lead the daunce,
Thou shalt not turn alone, there will be more
To follow the upon the self same score,
To traverse ground, to change to turn and fling
and cut strong Capers in a hempen string;
I need not name them, Hugh, thou knowst u'm well,
They'l make a lusty Cushing dance to hell:
But yet me thinks, it is not very fit
That men alone without some femal chit
Should make a Ball, send for thy deer Nan Hedge,
For whom in former time thou wast a pledge;
Though M•rss the Goaler brought her back again
To wood-street Counter, and there lod'g the
If one will not suffice, then send for more
The world well knowes Hugh Peters loves a—
And though, his calling of the soul takes care,
Yet honest Hugh will give the flesh a share,
And teach his Auditors, how they may see,
And finde out Puss sitting in Majesty:
The surpless he abhors yet loves the smock,
And when he fails of that heel use the frock,
And so disgui'ed he thought the world to mock
When Martyred Charles his head lay on the block:
About John Carew
San Diego Sarah • Link
PART 2
John Carew MP opposition to Cromwell was reflected in his rumored involvement in 1654 in the Wildman Plot with its call to arms against the Protector, and in his demand for the release of 2 Fifth Monarchist preachers, Christopher Feake and John Rogers, in Feb. 1655.
Refusing to recognize the legitimacy of the regime, John Carew MP declined to answer a summons from Cromwell, saying that 'when the little [Barebone's] Parliament was dissolved [Cromwell] took the crown off from the head of Christ and put it upon his own' (Firth, 2.244).
This led to Carew imprisonment in mid-Feb. 1655, where he remained, visited by the likes of the Fifth Monarchist Anna Trapnel, until Oct., 1656.
John Carew MP declined to join Thomas Venner's planned Fifth Monarchist rising in 1657.
By early 1658 John Carew MP represented those millenarians who undertook to be baptized, and who sought an alliance with the Baptists, with whom Carew held discussions at Dorchester.
John Carew MP was eligible to sit in the restored Rump Parliament in May 1659, but although he was reappointed as a Navy Commissioner (26 May), he made no recorded impression on the proceedings, and was eventually fined £100 for his absence.
John Carew MP did not return to the Commons before the Restoration, but neither did he flee in 1660.
Confusion over the warrant for John Carew’s arrest delayed his apprehension, and ensured he was exempted from the Pardon and subjected to trial as a regicide.
Indicted on 10 October, 1660, John Carew MP was brought to trial 2 days later to face witnesses who testified to his presence in the high court and identified his signature on the warrant.
Carew denied being 'moved by the devil' to participate in the trial, and professed obedience to God's 'holy and righteous laws' and the authority of an act of parliament (State trials, 5.1052).
Such speeches, together with his attempt to justify the trial in the context of the 1640s, provoked the court to claim that he aimed 'to blow the trumpet of sedition' (ibid., 5.1055).
Found guilty, John Carew MP was executed at Charing Cross on 15 October, 1660, although his family was granted his body for private burial rather than having to suffer the ignominy of its public display.
Carew went to the scaffold expecting to receive a 'glorious crown' from Christ, and confident his prosecutors would be destroyed by the wrath of God, and by the 'resurrection of this cause' (Ludlow, 226).
He said that his own blood would 'warm the blood that had been shed, and cause notable execution to come down upon the head of their enemy' (ibid., 217).
About John Carew
San Diego Sarah • Link
The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography has this on John Carew, MP:
https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10…
Carew, John (1622–1660), politician and regicide, was born on 3 July 1622, the second son of Sir Richard Carew, 1st baronet (1579/80–1643?), experimenter and educationist, of Antony, Cornwall, and his second wife, Grace (1603/4–1658), daughter of Robert Rolle of Heanton Satchville, Devon.
He was admitted to Gloucester Hall, Oxford, on 9 March 1638,
and to the Inner Temple in November 1639, but received no formal qualifications.
Elected to parliament as a recruiter MP for Tregony, Cornwall, in late February 1647, John Carew MP soon emerged as an independent, although he made little impression in the house before Pride's Purge in Dec. 1648.
John Carew MP was involved in preparing the trial of King Charles and, although he initially sought to avoid participating in the proceedings, supported its legitimacy, proved to be one of the most assiduous commissioners, and signed the death warrant.
An energetic member of the Rump, John Carew MP served on the army committee and the committee for plundered ministers, and was elected to the council of state in February and November 1651.
John Carew MP’s interests included the disposal of church and crown property, and cases regarding suspects and delinquents. He demonstrated enthusiasm for legal reform and was involved in selecting the Hale Commission, and displayed concern for social reform and the welfare of the poor, the indebted, and the imprisoned.
During the First Anglo-Dutch War John Carew MP developed an expertise in both diplomatic relations and naval affairs.
Carew also became identifiable as a leading millenarian and Fifth Monarchist, alongside his close friend Major Gen. Thomas Harrison.
John Carew MP represented Devon in Barebone's assembly of 'saints', and was reappointed to the council of state in July and Nov., 1653, but although identifiable as a supporter of religious toleration Carew's preoccupation with his duties as a navy commissioner precluded him from an active role in the Commons.
Carew did not object to government by a single person, but soon expressed his hostility to the Cromwellian protectorate and his suspicion regarding its hereditary pretensions in a work called “The Grand Catastrophe” (Jan. 1654).
About John Carew
San Diego Sarah • Link
John Carew was a Fifth Monarchist. For what that entailed, see
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
About Maj-Gen. Thomas Harrison
San Diego Sarah • Link
PART 2
Prior to the Reformation, theologians interpreted the prophecies metaphorically, but with the upheaval of the English Civil Wars, more literal views took root.
At this time, the struggles against King Charles became symbols of the struggles of Christ and the Saints against the Anti-Christ. It was a way to make sense of a chaotic upheaval and look forward to utopia. People needed a measure of control in a world gone mad.
The over-throw of the monarchy was equated with the end of the fourth, or base, kingdom and King Charles was an agent of the Anti-Christ.
They even had a year for this new Kingdom: 1666.
Like many millenarians of that time, the Fifth Monarchists saw themselves as Saints, the preordained elect and chosen ones. They saw it as their calling to prepare the way for King Christ and the New Jerusalem.
The following were their requirements:
legal reform,
purging the clergy,
abolishing tithes,
imposing puritanical morality and reducing taxes.
The reduction of taxes and law reform sounds familiar.
Some of the Fifth Monarchists, like Major-Gen. Thomas Harrison, even offered to serve without pay if it lowered taxes, but even then, the courts were clogged with meaningless lawsuits.
Purging the clergy meant these Saints could remove clergy if they were deemed to preach outside the prescribed doctrine;
abolishing tithes involved tearing down the state church.
The Rump Parliament didn’t deliver.
Taken from http://englishhistoryauthors.blog…
About Maj-Gen. Thomas Harrison
San Diego Sarah • Link
The Fifth Monarchists became an organized political body in 1651.
Before that, members were content to bear witness to the new society. But when it became apparent the Rump Parliament was not furthering a more godly society, they decided to act.
The movement had its roots in urban centers, mostly concentrated around London.
Outside London, groups were scattered around southern England with a couple of chapters in Wales. Many were tradespeople, often in the cloth and leather industries, but an important source of recruitment was the army.
Their spokesman became Major-Gen. Thomas Harrison, member of the Council of State and president of the Commission for the Propagation of the Gospel in Wales.
Another notable Fifth Monarchist was John Carew, also on the Council of State.
Both Major-Gen. Thomas Harrison and John Carew served as commissioners during the trial of King Charles and were amongst those who signed his death warrant.
Their first meeting was held at Allhallows Church in London in December 1651, led by preachers Christopher Feake, John Simpson and Henry Jessey. Prior to this, they did try to gain Cromwell’s support, but while Cromwell wanted reform, he had a different idea on how to achieve it.
To understand their position, it’s necessary to understand their core religious beliefs: The Fifth Monarchists believed in the Millennium, when the Kingdom of Heaven would be realized on earth.
Their name relates to the Fifth Kingdom, a utopia described in the book of Daniel that follows after the rise and fall of four successive kingdoms.
In the prophecy, the first four kingdoms became progressively baser as the ages progressed, and were thought to be
Babylon (gold),
Persia (silver),
Greece (bronze)
and Rome (iron mixed with clay).
“In the time of those kings, the God of heaven will set up a kingdom that will never be destroyed, nor will it be left to another people. It will crush all those kingdoms and bring them to an end, but it will itself endure forever.” (Daniel 2:44)
The preoccupation with prophecy and celestial portents became common during the 16th and 17th century, and many theologians debated the meaning of prophetic tracts such as the book of Daniel and Revelations.
About Saturday 13 October 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
Back to the execution:
I think the executioner was Edward Dunn (born ?, executioner from 1649 - 1663)
https://www.historydefined.net/ja…
[The infamous Jack] "Ketch apprenticed under Edward Dunn and succeeded him as an executioner in 1663. Dunn apprenticed under Richard Brandon, who famously executed King Charles."
Clearly, conducting a hanging, drawing and quartering was not something for which the executioner had much experience. If Harrison did punch Dunn during the process -- which Pepys would surely have reported if he was paying attention/looking -- it shows Dunn (or whoever) needed to hang the subject longer, but was doing this with the utmost cruelty, possibly from ignorance.
About Saturday 13 October 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
Rev. Ralph today:
"Bat. Hatch begun his year October 14: and is to continue until october 13. at night 1660. he is to have 10d. per diem every working day. and 2 meals meat in the week."
Barth Hatch must have been a servant, farm hand and/or church warden -- or all three. Assuming a 6-day week, that's 5s. a week or a maximum of 13/. a year, plus lunch every working day, 2 of which must include meat.
There are fewer farm working days in the winter, but presumably more people die then, so perhaps he doubled as a grave digger? Or he could have been used repairing the barns, equipment and church grounds, or helping the often-pregnant Mrs. Josselin.
That's triple what Jane Birch earns, but she lives with the Pepys, has her clothes provided, and gets all her meals.
About Saturday 13 October 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
Punishments were generally public spectacles, with the populace encouraged to attend as it was a demonstration of the punishment of bad behavior, and the power of the authorities.
I suspect the Fifth Monarchists in the crowd would have taken home handkerchiefs dipped in Harrison's martyred blood.
Harrison had been cruel to many people during his 30 year career, not least of which were the Welsh. This was an eye-for-an-eye justice, and people understood that, even if it was gruesome.
Wikipedia has an incomplete list of people hung drawn and quartered, which shows that 3 people were punished this way during the interregnum:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lis…
About Maj-Gen. Thomas Harrison
San Diego Sarah • Link
PART 4
With his uncompromising Fifth Monarchist beliefs, Thomas Harrison MP came to be regarded as a dangerous opponent of the Protectorate.
He was imprisoned 4 times between 1653 and 1658 on suspicion of involvement in various plots and insurrections.
Harrison's attempts to seek election to the First and Second Protectorate Parliaments were blocked by the government.
After Oliver Cromwell's death, Thomas Harrison lived quietly in Staffordshire, supporting neither Richard Cromwell, the Army Grandees nor the republican Commonwealthsmen in the political turmoil that followed. His inactivity may have been the result of declining health brought about by his war wounds and his periods of imprisonment.
He made no response to Lambert's last desperate attempt to rally support for the "Good Old Cause" on the eve of the Restoration.
With the return of the monarchy imminent, Thomas Harrison MP was among the first of the regicides to be singled out for punishment. He stood by his principles and made no attempt to escape.
Parliament ordered Harrison's arrest.
Maj. Gen. Thomas Harrison MP was imprisoned in the Tower of London in May 1660.
At his trial in October 1660, Harrison asserted he had acted in the name of the Parliament of England and by its authority. He was convicted and sentenced to be hanged, drawn and quartered on 13 Oct., 1660 at Charing Cross.
Maj. Gen. Thomas Harrison MP went bravely to his gruesome death, his religious zeal undiminished to the end. According to one account, whilst being quartered, he struggled to his feet and boxed the executioner's ears.
Maj. Gen. Thomas Harrison MP was regarded as a martyr by the Fifth Monarchists, who believed that he would rise again to judge his judges and restore the rule of the Saints.
Sources:
Maurice Ashley, Cromwell's Generals (London 1954)
Bernard Capp, The Fifth Monarchy Men (London 1972)
C.H. Firth, Thomas Harrison, DNB, 1891
Ian J. Gentles, Thomas Harrison, Oxford DNB, 2004
Austin Woolrych, Commonwealth to Protectorate (London 1982)
About Maj-Gen. Thomas Harrison
San Diego Sarah • Link
PART 3
The Fifth Monarchy
By the early 1650s, Col. John Harrison was associated with the Fifth Monarchist sect. He sponsored the radicals Vavasor Powell, John Simpson and Christopher Feake to preach before the Rump Parliament, although their criticisms of the government were not appreciated.
In his zeal to establish the rule of the Saints, Harrison secured the expulsion from Parliament of Lord Howard of Escrick for accepting bribes, and of Gregory Clement MP for committing adultery.
Col. Thomas Harrison MP grew increasingly hostile towards the Rump for its lethargy in implementing radical reform, and played an active role in Cromwell's dissolution of Parliament in April 1653, during which Harrison is said to have pulled Speaker Lenthall out of the Chair and ejected him from the Chamber.
In the constitutional discussions that followed the expulsion of Parliament, Col. John Harrison MP proposed a government based upon the Old Testament Sanhedrin of 70 elected "Saints". This model was adapted as the Nominated Assembly ("Barebones Parliament"), which governed England from July to December 1653.
Maj. Gen. Thomas Harrison MP influenced the nomination of several Fifth Monarchists and Welsh Saints to the Assembly, and he sat as one of 5 co-opted members.
Harrison headed the radical faction, calling for the abolition of tithes and the excise, and reform of the law.
But Maj. Gen. Harrison MP was not an effective politician. He had no patience for committee work or parliamentary debate and his attendance at the Assembly was erratic.
Like other Fifth Monarchists, Harrison called for the continuation of the Anglo-Dutch War, believing it was part of the violent process which started with the civil war and the beheading of King Charles, and would lead ultimately to the overthrow of the Antichrist (the Pope) and the reign of Christ on Earth.
In December 1653 — less than 6 months after the inauguration of the Nominated Assembly — moderates voted to surrender its powers to Cromwell.
Maj. Gen. Thomas Harrison MP fiercely opposed the dissolution of the "Parliament of Saints" and refused to acknowledge the Protectorate set up in its place.
Cromwell reluctantly withdrew his army commission on 21 Dec., 1653.
About Maj-Gen. Thomas Harrison
San Diego Sarah • Link
PART 2
When Col. Sheffield declared his support for the Presbyterians, Major Thomas Harrison MP was given command of his cavalry regiment. He emerged as one of the most radical of the Army officers.
He opposed further negotiations with King Charles, who denounced Harrison as the "Man of Blood" in November 1647.
During the Second Civil War, Major Thomas Harrison MP joined Major-Gen. Lambert's army holding the north against the Engagers.
On 18 July, 1648, Harrison distinguished himself by holding off an attack by Sir Marmaduke Langdale on Lambert's quarters at Appleby. He captured the enemy's colors, but was badly wounded during the skirmish.
Although his regiment played a major role in the battle of Preston in Aug. 1648, Major Thomas Harrison MP was probably not present as by Nov. 1648, he was back in London.
Col. Thomas Harrison MP acted as a mediator between Henry Ireton and John Lilburne in negotiations to gain Leveller support for King Charles' trial.
Col. Thomas Harrison MP commanded the military escort that brought King Charles to Windsor and then to London in January 1649.
Royalists were outraged this duty was entrusted to the fanatical Harrison. King Charles believed Harrison intended to murder him, but was surprised to find him courteous and correct in his behavior.
Col. Thomas Harrison MP sat as a judge at King Charles' trial; he was a signatory of the death warrant; and he was commissioned to supervise security at his funeral.
In January 1649, Col. Thomas Harrison MP was nominated to the Council of State. At first, his nomination was rejected by Parliament because of his extremist views.
Harrison finally took a seat on the Council in February 1651.
Meanwhile, in 1650 Col. Harrison was appointed president of the Commission for the Propagation of the Gospel in Wales — a body empowered to seize church livings and to fund Puritan missionaries in Wales, where the Anglican clergy had been influential in raising Royalist support. Harrison was virtually military governor of Wales and gained a reputation for severity.
Promoted to the rank of major-general in 1651, Thomas Harrison MP commanded the army left to guard England during Cromwell's invasion of Scotland.
When Charles II and his Covenanter allies invaded England in August 1651, Maj. Gen. Thomas Harrison MP marched to head them off from London.
He linked up with Cromwell's main force and fought at the decisive battle of Worcester in September 1651.
About Maj-Gen. Thomas Harrison
San Diego Sarah • Link
Thank goodness I had copied the entry on Major Gen. Thomas Harrison from the BCW Project:
http://bcw-project.org/biography/…
Zealous army officer who rose to high military and political office; he was a leader of the Fifth Monarchy Men and an unrepentant Regicide.
Thomas Harrison was the second of 4 children and the only son of Richard Harrison (d.1653), a butcher who became an alderman and was 4 times mayor of Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire, and his wife Mary.
Harrison was probably educated at a local grammar school, then went to London where he became clerk to Mr. Hulk, an attorney at Clifford's Inn.
When the First Civil War broke out in August 1642, Thomas Harrison volunteered for Parliament and served as a trooper in the Earl of Essex's lifeguard, which was recruited from among the young gentlemen of the Inns of Court.
In 1644, Thomas Harrison accompanied Charles Fleetwood when he transferred to Edward Montagu, Earl of Manchester's Eastern Association army.
Harrison became a major in Charles Fleetwood's regiment of horse, which was noted as one of the most radical in religion in the Parliamentarian army.
Major Harrison was denounced as an Anabaptist by Manchester's Presbyterian officers, but praised as God-fearing and zealous by Oliver Cromwell.
Harrison fought at Marston Moor in July 1644 and was sent after the battle to report Parliament's victory to the Committee of Both Kingdoms.
Major Thomas Harrison's praise of Cromwell and the Independent faction greatly annoyed the Scots and Presbyterians on the committee.
After the second battle of Newbury (October 1644), Harrison strongly supported Cromwell in his dispute with Edward Montagu, Earl of Manchester.
Harrison remained in Charles Fleetwood's regiment when it transferred to the New Model Army in 1645.
Harrison fought at the decisive battle of Naseby.
At the battle of Langport in July 1645, Major Harrison was observed by the chaplain Richard Baxter to break into a rapturous psalm of praise when the Royalists began to fall back.
Major Thomas Harrison was an enthusiastic participant in the slaughter of the Catholic defenders of Basing House, which Cromwell took by storm in October 1645.
In 1646, Major Harrison was elected to the Long Parliament as recruiter MP for Wendover.
Major Thomas Harrison MP married his cousin Catherine in 1646. They had 3 children, none of whom survived infancy.
From January to May 1647, Harrison served in Ireland at the request of Viscount Lisle when he took up his appointment as lord-lieutenant.
When Harrison returned to England, he became actively involved in the political dispute between the New Model Army and Parliament. He was one of the officers who signed the letter sent to London outlining the Army's grievances on 10 June, 1647, and was among those appointed by Gen. Thomas, Lord Fairfax to negotiate with Parliament's commissioners.
About Friday 12 October 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
L&M says that Col. Washington, Sir Edward Brett, and Major Norwood were all officers high in Charles II's favor.
About Friday 12 October 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
"... my Lady Sandwich is come to town to-day, whereupon I went to Westminster to see her, and found her at supper, so she made me sit down all alone with her, and after supper staid and talked with her, she showing me most extraordinary love and kindness, ..."
I understand why Sandwich doesn't include Elizabeth in his dinners with Pepys, since they discuss a lot of business and career ideas.
But I wonder why Jemima didn't include Elizabeth in this invite to an apparently spontaneous, casual supper.
About Col. Robert Slingsby (Comptroller of the Navy, 1660-1)
San Diego Sarah • Link
L&M adds that Pepys did not think much of Slingsby's "Discourse on the State of the Navy" written in 1660, but not published until 1801, but kept copies in his library.
About Friday 12 October 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
CORRECTION: Norwood wasn't related to Batten. No idea where that came from!!! So he was another friend of the Navy Board's, and of Sandwich in particular (he was a go-beween with Charles II leading up to the Restoration, per L&M).
About Friday 12 October 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
"... some ulterior motive for wanting to ingratiate himself with these gents."
I think Sir Will had more venison than he and Lady Batten could possibly eat, so he took "the boys" with him to share the wealth. That's what they did in those days. Waste not, want not.
Plus the Navy Board were still getting to know each other as colleagues. The Sir Wills had history: both self-made West Countrymen: Penn was apprenticed in 1638 to Batten, under whom he served in the Parliamentary navy. When Batten defected briefly to the Royalists in 1648, Penn came under suspicion.
The university-educated newcomer, Pepys, had made 2 short voyages with his cousin, the turncoat rich Army man who now calls himself Sandwich, and Pepys clearly didn't know a spinnaker from a genoa. There was little use for Latin in the Navy Office. Let's hope he knows a credit from a debit.
None of them knew Col. Slingsby from Adam, who was another land-lubber.
Sir George Carteret, an impeccable Royalist from Jersey who went to sea at 14, was a Treasurer who knew nothing about accounting.
And they were entertaining, not suppliers, but Batten's brother-in-law and a couple of cronies. Washington was a half-uncle to the 2nd Duke of Buckingham so maybe he had connections, and Brett must have been a friend of some sort.
This was a small event in the on-going efforts at team-making. Penn and Batten would know more about that than Pepys, who never had to be a leader of men and who, like Dick Wilson, probably just looked on this as another free lunch.
But he was being sized-up for character by his elders.
About Sir Edward Brett
San Diego Sarah • Link
Sir Edward Brett, Kt.
Birthdate: circa 1608
Birthplace: Toddington, Bedfordshire.
Death: February 12, 1683 Blendon Hall, Bexley, Kent.
Immediate Family:
Son of William Brett, Esq. and Mary Brett
Husband of Barbara Brett
Brother of Mary Isham; Elizabeth Brett; Richard Brett; John Brett; Francis Brett and 6 others
https://www.geni.com/people/Sir-E…
@@@
Sir Edward Brett's will was proved 17 Mar., 1683. Having no children and his wife predeceasing him, he left a bequest of 20/. to his church, and in a codicil also left bequests to the descendants his sister Mary Brett (1604-1682), wife of William Isham (1587-1627).
https://www.ancestry.com/sharing/…
About Col. Henry Washington
San Diego Sarah • Link
Brief Life History of Henry Washington (1615 - 1664)
When Col. Henry Washington was born on 21 March ,1615, in Worcestershire, his father, William Washington, was 23 and his mother, Lady Anne Villiers, was 29. He was the eldest son and heir.
He married Elizabeth about 1638, in Worcestershire. They were the parents of at least 4 daughters:
Mary Washington 1639–1681
Penelope Washington 1643–1697
Katherine Washington 1645–?
Elizabeth Washington 1647–?
He died on 9 March 1664, in England, at the age of 48, and was buried in Richmond, Surrey.
https://ancestors.familysearch.or…
@@@
Col. Henry Washington, baptised 21 March 1615, was the son of Sir William Washington and Anne, daughter of Sir George Villiers (c. 1550–1605).
[So she was a half-sister of the 1st Duke of Buckingham! - SDS]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geo…
Col. Henry fought in the English Civil War and was [the Royalist - SDS] Governor of Worcester in 1646.
He died in March 1664, and was buried at Richmond, Surrey.
Family
Washington married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Pakington, 1st Baronet.
Elizabeth Pakington Washington survived Col. Henry, and married Samuel Sandys of Ombersley.
Col Henry and Lady Elizabeth Pakington Washington had 4 daughters who survived him, Mary (died 1681), Cathrine whose married name was Forster, and two others.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geo…