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Second Reading

About Tuesday 23 April 1661

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"then in the Quire at the high altar"

QUIRE, that Part of a Church where Divine Service is performed
to QUIRE it, to sing in Concert as the Choir does.
QUIRISTER, one who sings in the Choir of a Cathedral, &c.;
---An Universal Etymological English Dictionary. N. Bailey, 1675.

About Wednesday 1 May 1661

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"Up early, and bated at Petersfield" On this trip to Portsmouth, Sam "bated" yesterday also.

To BAIT, to take some Refreshment on a Journey.
---An Universal Etymological English Dictionary. N. Bailey, 1675.

About Tuesday 30 April 1661

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"I am sorry that I am not at London, to be at Hide-parke to-morrow, among the great gallants and ladies, which will be very fine."

Monday May 1 was more observed by people going a-maying than for divers years past, and indeed much sin committed by wicked meetings with fidlers, drunkenness, ribaldry and the like. Great resort came to Hyde Park, many hundreds of rich coaches and gallants in attire, but most shameful powdered hair; men painted and spotted women, some men played with a silver ball, and some took other recreation. But his Highness the Lord Protector went not thither, nor any of the Lords of the Council.—Severall Proceedings, April 27 to May 4, 1654.
---London, Past and Present. H.B. Wheatley, 1891.

There is an encyclopedia entry for May Day: http://www.pepysdiary.com/encyclo…

About Tuesday 30 April 1661

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"We got a small bait at Leatherhead"

To BAIT, to take some Refreshment on a Journey.
---An Universal Etymological English Dictionary. N. Bailey, 1675.

About Monday 29 April 1661

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"and there eat something in the buttery at my Lord’s"

BUTTERY, Butlery, a Place where Victuals is set up.
---An Universal Etymological English Dictionary. N. Bailey, 1675.

BUTTERY, in the Houses of Noblemen and Gentlemen, is the Room belonging to the Butler; where he deposites the Utensils belonging to his Office; as Table-Linnen, Napkins, Pots, Tankards, Glasses, Cruets, Salvers, Spoons, Knives, Forks, Pepper, Mustard, &c.; As to its Position, Sir Henry Wotton, says, it ought to be placed on the North Side of the Building, which is designed for the Offices. We, in England, generally place it near the Cellar, viz. the Room commonly just on the Top of the Cellar-Stairs.
---The Builder's Dictionary. 1734.

About Tower Street

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When the profligate Earl of Rochester, under the name of " Alexander Bendo," played the part of a mountebank physician in the City, he took up his lodgings in Tower Street, next door to the Black Swan, at a goldsmith's house, where he gave out that he was sure of being seen "from 3 of the clock in the afternoon till 8 at night."
Being under an unlucky accident, which obliged him to keep out of the way, he disguised himself so that his nearest friends could not have known him, and set up in Tower Street for an Italian mountebank, where he [had a stage and] practised physic some weeks not without success.—Burnet's Life, p. 37, ed. 1680.
---London, Past and Present. H.B. Wheatley, 1891.

About Fleet Bridge

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Fleet Bridge, one of the four bridges over the Fleet in its passage through the City. It connected Ludgate Hill with Fleet Street; "a bridge of stone," says Stow, "fair coped on either side with iron pikes; on which, towards the south, be also certain lanthorns of stone for lights to be placed in the winter evenings for commodity of travellers. ... It seemeth this last bridge to be made or repaired at the charges of John Wels, mayor, in the year 1431, for on the coping is engraven Wels embraced by angels like as on the standard in Cheape, which he also built." Fleet Bridge was one of the places fixed for the receipt of toll from carriers and dealers bringing corn and other commodities into the City for sale. The bridge described by Stow was destroyed in the Great Fire, and the new one erected in its stead was of the breadth of the street, and ornamented with pine-apples and the City arms. It was taken down October 14, 1765.
---London, Past and Present. H.B. Wheatley, 1891.

About Charing Cross

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Charing Cross, a triangular opening at the junction of the Strand, Whitehall, and Cockspur Street, and so called from the cross of stone erected, 1291-1294, to Eleanor, Queen of Edward I., being the last stage at which the Queen's body stopped previous to its interment in Westminster Abbey. The origin of the word Charing has not been satisfactorily explained.
The Eleanor Crosses, twelve in number, were erected in the following places: Lincoln, Grantham, Stamford, Geddington near Kettering, Northampton, Stony Stratford, Woburn, Dunstable, St . Albans, Waltham, Cheap, and Charing. Three remain, Northampton, Geddington, and Waltham. Charing Cross, from the money laid out upon it, would appear to have been by far the most sumptuous.
---London, Past and Present. H.B. Wheatley, 1891.

About Wapping

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Wapping, a hamlet of St. Mary, Whitechapel, on the Middlesex side of the River Thames, a little below The Tower, "and chiefly inhabited by seafaring men and tradesmen dealing in commodities for the supply of shipping and shipmen." It was originally a great wash, watered by the Thames, and was first recovered in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. Stow calls it "Wapping in the Wose" (really Wapping in the Ooze), signifying as much, says Strype, "as in the wash or in the drain." The usual place of execution for pirates was at "Wapping in the Wose."
---London, Past and Present. H.B. Wheatley, 1891.

About The City of London

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City (The), the general name for London within the gates and within the bars. Originally the City of London was wholly within the wall, which served at once for defence and boundary. Dwellers within the wall were citizens, those without foreigners. But as the wall became too restricted a boundary for the increased trade and population dwellers within defined districts outside the wall were recognised as citizens. Generally these districts were annexed to the nearest wards, and designated Without, as Farringdon Without, Cripplegate Without, Bishopsgate Without. As the gates marked the boundary wall of the City, bars were set up to mark the limits of the liberties on the great thoroughfares leading from them. Thus, as Ludgate marked the western boundary of the City within the wall, Temple Bar marked the western limit of the City liberties without the wall; with Newgate corresponded Holborn Bar; on the north-west were Smithfield Bars, beyond Aldersgate was Aldersgate Bar, Bishopsgate, the bars at Spitalfields; and Aldgate, Whitechapel Bars, by Petticoat Lane, the boundary of the City on the east. On the south the Thames served as the boundary of the City within the wall; the borough of Southwark being an out-liberty under the designation of Bridge Ward Without.
---London, Past and Present. H.B. Wheatley, 1891.

About Col. Robert Slingsby (Comptroller of the Navy, 1660-1)

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SLINGSBY, Sir ROBERT (1611-1661), comptroller of the navy; cousin of Sir Henry Slingsby; commanded squadron in Channel, 1640-2; imprisoned as royalist, 1642; undertook mission to Paris and Amsterdam, 1644; created a baronet at Restoration; comptroller of the navy, 1660-1; his 'Discourse upon the Past and Present State of His Majesty's Navy' printed, 1801 and 1896.
---Dictionary of National Biography: Index and Epitome. S. Lee, 1906.

About George Villiers (2nd Duke of Buckingham)

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VILLIERS, GEORGE, second Duke of Buckingham (1628-1687), son of George Villiers, first duke of Buckingham; succeeded, August 1628; brought up with Charles I's children; studied at Trinity College, Cambridge; M.A., 1642; joined Charles I in Oxford, winter, 1643; served under Rupert, 1643; travelled in Italy; received back his sequestered estates, on the plea of youth, 1647; joined the Surrey insurgente, was routed at St. Neots, and fled to Holland, 1648; his estates definitely confiscated, 1651; admitted privy councillor, 1650; urged conciliation of the presbyterians; accompanied Charles II to Scotland, 1650, and to Worcester, 1651; escaped to Holland, 1651; tried to make peace with parliament, 1652 and 1653; was in disgrace with the queen-mother, 1652, with Charles II, 1654, and Clarendon, 1656; returned to England, 1657; married Fairfax's daughter, 1657; prisoner in tbe Tower of London, 1658-9; recovered estates at the Restoration; gentleman of the bedchamber, 1660-7; lord-lieutenant of the West Riding, 1661-7; privy councillor, 1662-7; intrigued against Clarendon, 1663-7; served at sea against the Dutch, 1665; influential member of the 'Cabal' administration, 1667-9; advocated alliance with France and toleration at home; seduced the Countess of Shrewsbury and mortally wounded the earl in a duel, January 1668, but was pardoned, February; master of the horse, by purchase, July 1668; at feud with York and with Ormonde; displaced by Arlington in Charles II's confidence and kept ignorant of tbe private negotiations with Louis, April 1669, and the secret treaty of Dover, May 1670; envoy to Paris, July 1670, to the Prince of Orange, and to Paris, June 1672; lieutenant-general, May 1673; quarrelled openly with Arlington, 1673, whom Charles supported; being attacked by the Lords for the Shrewsbury scandal, and by the Commons for the French treaty, January 1674, was dismissed from his offices; joined the country party; opposed tbe non-resistance oath, and moved a bill to relieve protestant dissenters, 1675; prisoner in the Tower of London, 1677; intrigued against Charlas II getting supplies, 1678-9, and laboured to have a whig parliament; disapproved of the Exclusion Bill, 1680-1; the Zimri of Dryden's 'Absalom and Achitophel,' 1681; restored to court favour, 1683; published pamphlets in favour of toleration, 1685; lived in retirement in Yorkshire, 1686. He had dabbled in chemistry, and spent much in building and laying out gardens. He wrote verses, satires, and some pieces for the stage, particularly 'The Rehearsal,' brought out 1671, ridiculing contemporary dramatists. His 'Miscellaneous Works' were first collected, 1704-5.
---Dictionary of National Biography: Index and Epitome. S. Lee, 1906.

About Sir John Maynard

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MAYNARD, Sir JOHN (1603-1690), judge; barrister, Middle Temple, 1626; M.P., Totnes, in Short and Long parliaments; framed Stratford's impeachment; deputy-lieutenant tof militia under parliament, 1643; member of the Westminster Assembly; advocated abolition of feudal wardships; protested against the king's deposition, 1648; serjeant-at-law, 1654; imprisoned for hinting Cromwell's government a usurpation, 1655; M.P., Plymouth, 1656-8; Protector's serjeant, 1658; solicitor-general on Richard Cromwell's accession; one of the first serjeants called at the Restoration; king's Serjeant and knighted, 1660; appeared for the crown at most of the state trials at the Restoration, and at most of the popish plot prosecutions; M.P., Plymouth, in the convention, 1689; lord commissioner of the great seal, 1689; left such an obscure will that a private act of parliament was passed, 1694, to settle the disputes to which it gave rise; his legal manuscript collections preserved in Lincoln's Inn Library.
---Dictionary of National Biography: Index and Epitome. S. Lee, 1906.

About Sir Robert Pye

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PYE, Sir ROBERT (d. 1701), parliamentarian; nephew of Sir Walter Pye; a colonel of horse under Essex and Fairfax; M.P., Berkshire, 1654 and 1668; took little part in politics after the Restoration; joined William of Orange on his march to London, 1688.
---Dictionary of National Biography: Index and Epitome. S. Lee, 1906.

About James Butler (Duke of Ormond, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland)

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... received back his estates, and also his grandfather's county palatine of Tipperary; appointed lord steward of the household, 1660; lord high steward at the coronation, 1661; restored the protestant episcopate in Ireland; appointed lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 4 Nov. 1661; resided in Ireland, July 1662-June 1664; in London, July 1664-May 1665; again in Ireland, 1665-8; returned to London, 1668; dismissed from the lord-lieutenancy, March 1669; chancellor of Oxford University, 1669; his life attempted by Thomas Blood, 1669, at Buckingham's instigation; opposed attempts to repeal Act of Settlement, 1671-3; in Ireland on private affairs, July 1671-April 1675; recalled to London, 1675; lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 1677-82; at court in London, 1682; returned to Ireland, 1684; removed from the lord-lieutenancy, October 1684; proclaimed James II before he left Dublin, February 1685; lord high steward at James II's coronation; continued to be lord steward of the household; withdrew, as much as he could, from public life, 1685, broken by the deaths of his wife and children; resisted some of James II's arbitrary acts, 1687.
---Dictionary of National Biography: Index and Epitome. S. Lee, 1906.

About James Butler (Duke of Ormond, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland)

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BUTLER, JAMES, twelfth EARL and first DUKE OF ORMONDE (1610-1688), son of Thomas, viscount Thurles (d.1619); grandson of Walter Butler, eleventh earl of Ormonde; styled Viscount Thurles, 1619; succeeded to the earldom, 1633; created marquis, 1642; created Earl of Brecknock in the English peerage, 1660; created Duke of Ormonde in the Irish peerage, 1661, and in the English peerage, 1682; placed by his mother under a catholic tutor at Finchley, 1619; made king's ward and brought up in the protestant religion at Lambeth under Archbishop Abbot; entrusted to Richard Preston, earl of Desmond, 1624-8; lived with his grandfather at Drury Lane, 1625-7, and at Carrickfergus, 1630; came to England, 1631; returned to Ireland, 1633; opposed Wentworth in the Irish parliament, but urged granting supplies to Charles I, 1634; raised troop of cuirassiers, 1638; supported Wentworth (now Earl of Strafford), 1640; assembled troops at Carrickfergus, July 1640; defended Strafford in the Irish parliament, 1641; commander against the Irish rebels, but kept inactive by the lords justices, 1641; defeated rebels, January-March 1642; quieted Connaught, 1642; again obstructed by the lords justices, 1642; commissioned by Charles I to ascertain the demands of the Irish rebels, 1643; defeated them at Ross, 18 March 1643; ordered in April to conclude truce; concluded truce for a year in September; sent five thousand troops into Cheshire, November 1643; lord-lieutenant of Ireland, January 1644; sent Irish troops into Scotland to help Montrose; opposed both by the catholic rebels and by the protestant parliamentarians, April 1644-April 1645; negotiated peace with the rebels; superseded in August 1646 by Glamorgan; arranged terms of peace between the king's forces and the catholic rebels, March 1646; asked parliament for help against the rebels, October-November 1646; induced by the rebels' rejection of his terms (February 1647) to approach parliament, with which he concluded peace, June 1647; conferred with Charles I at Hampton Court, August 1647; withdrew to Paris, 1648; royalist commander in Ireland, October 1648; concluded peace with rebels, January 1649; proclaimed Charles II; attacked Dublin; defeated at Rathmines, August 1649; his garrisons crushed by Cromwell, September-December 1649; left Ireland, December 1650; employed in personal attendance on Charles II or on embassies in his interest, 1651-9; royalist spy in England, January-March 1658; negotiated with Monck, 1659; ...

About James Howard (3rd Earl of Suffolk, Earl Marshal)

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HOWARD, JAMES, third Earl of Suffolk and third Baron Howard de Walden (1619-1688), eldest son of Theophilus Howard, second earl of Suffolk; K.B., 1626; joint-commissioner of the parliament to Charles I, 1646; lord-lieutenant of Suffolk and Cambridgeshire and gentleman of the bedchamber, 1660-82.
---Dictionary of National Biography: Index and Epitome. S. Lee, 1906.

About Sir Algernon Percy (10th Earl of Northumberland)

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PERCY, SIR ALGERNON, tenth Earl OF Northumberland (1601-1668), elder son of Sir Henry Percy, ninth earl of Northumberland; of St. John's College, Cambridge; K.B., 1616; M.P., Sussex, 1624, Chichester, 1625 and 1626; K.G., 1635; admiral of the fleet, 1636; lord high admiral, 1638; became (1639), on the eve of the Scottish war, general of all the forces south of the Trent, but was dissatisfied with Charles I's policy; opposed the solution of the Short parliament, and in the Long parliament gradually drew to the side of the opposition; accepted (1642) a place in the parliamentary committee of safety, and endeavoured to promote a reconciliation with Charles I; appointed (1644) one of the committee of both kingdoms; became guardian of Charles I's two youngest children, 1645; one of the commissioners appointed to negotiate with Charles I at Newport, 1648; subsequently headed the opposition in the House of Lords to Charles I's trial; under the Commonwealth and protectorate remained rigidly aloof from public affairs; privy councillor after the Restoration; called by Clarendon 'the proudest man alive.'
---Dictionary of National Biography: Index and Epitome. S. Lee, 1906.

About Sir John Denham

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DENHAM, Sir JOHN (1615-1669), poet; son of Sir John Denham (1559-1639); matriculated at Trinity College, Oxford, 1631; studied law at Lincoln's Inn; published 'The Sophy,' an historical tragedy, 1642; compelled to surrender Farnham Castle, of which he was governor, to Sir William Waller, 1642; published 'Cooper's Hill,' his best-known poem, 1642; petitioned Charles to pardon Wither, of whose poems Denham thought meanly; councillor of Charles I, and attendant of Henrietta Maria at Paris; sent to Holland with a letter of Instructions for Charles II, 1649; published a translation of Virgil's 'Aeneid II,' 1656; licensed by Cromwell to live at Bury in Suffolk, 1658: surveyor-general of works, 1660; K.B., 1661; became mad for a short period, 1666, in consequence of the faithlessness of his second wife. Lady Margaret Denham; lampooned by Samuel Butler, author of 'Hudibras,' 1667; published occasional verses and satires. His 'Cooper's Hill' is the earliest example of strictly descriptive poetry in English.
---Dictionary of National Biography: Index and Epitome. S. Lee, 1906.