An echo from the past and past annotators: "Thus ends this year of publick wonder and mischief to this nation, and, therefore, generally wished by all people to have an end."
Regarding cold temperatures, I assume that the temperatures in the houses and apartments were quite cold. They had no knowledge of the Franklin stove so the only heat came from really inefficient fireplaces and coal was expensive. The kitchen would be warmer for those that had one.
For the poor in the winter the daylight fades to darkness, it's really cold so the only recourse is to go to bed and snuggle up.
YouTube has some videos showing some aspects of making and using rushlights/rush candles. A couple of months ago I saw one that showed the rushes being gathered and impregnated with fat.
There's a link below forr another, I've not actually reviewed it as I can't use the sound on my computer at present, but it has a good scene showing the light that is given off when burned correctly.
Folks in cities would probably have to buy the rushes as they couldn't harvest them nor would they have much available fat.
Thanks, Mary: "Mitchell himself could indeed have been in the coach. It is dark night, there will have been no light within the coach and precious little (if any) anywhere in the street. The weather is cold and snowy, so the chances are that the passengers are wearing long, winter cloaks whose folds might be used to conceal the assault. "
The coach also had curtains which surely would have been closed as it was cold and they had no need to show off, that is, to be seen. It would have been the kind of darkness we very seldom see in this age of light pollution.
The History Guy (THG) published a short video about John Evelyn today on YouTube. Describes who Evelyn was, his garden, and publication on trees, but zeros in on the occupation of his house by Peter The Great. Worth viewing.
"Items which go by the board could be said to be jetsam" Probably flotsam unless perhaps cables and rigging needed to be cut to free the ship from the items or the items are just tossed overboard.
IIRC you find, say, an empty lifeboat from a ship floating in the ocean and manage to bring it to shore it no longer belongs to the ship if the crew is responsible for it being in the ocean. Then it's jetsam and belongs to you (and perhaps some government entity), but if it was somehow washed overboard it's flotsam; you just salvaged it and are entitled to salvage fees.
"The legal history, though very complicated, can be summarized: the age of consent for girls was 12 in the 13th century, but was lowered to 10 in 1576, and remained there until it was raised to 12 in 1861, then to 13 in 1875, and then to 16 in 1885. One could enter into a Common Law marriage at the age of 12."
Happy Holidays. I came across a frozen Cornish Pasty which I will thaw and have as a small dinner in Pepys honor along with a British evening draught. My first pasty ever.
Nick, there was an age of consent in Pepys day, 12 years old.
"In 1275, the first age of consent was set in England, at age 12 (Westminster 1 statute).[3] In 1875, the Offences Against the Person Act raised the age to 13 in Great Britain and Ireland, and ten years later the Criminal Law Amendment Act of 1885 raised it to 16.[4][5] In 1917, a bill raising the age of consent in Great Britain and Ireland from 16 to 17 was defeated by only one vote."
Let's not get too self righteous: In the US many colonies and later the states had ages of consent of 10 or 12 years but a legal defence that the child was not virgin was accepted. Many of those laws were changed starting in the late 19th century but some continued through the late 20th century: https://www.sunypress.edu/pdf/608…
"The History Guy' has a short blog explaining the origins of the war, the audacious raid, and the consequences. He shows paintings, drawings, maps, layout of the shipyard, etc. and mentions Pepys. Here's the link: https://youtu.be/yiLiTJ1Ofys I wonder how long it will last.
Lo and behold Youtube tempted me with a video of how a woman of wealth in 1665 in Delft would dress. It's well done and I suspect women of wealth in England would have dressed the same.
Caulking, oakum, etc. When sailors had ought to do they would be placed on deck far enough apart so it would be hard for them to converse. They'd then painstakingly unravel old hawsers that were no longer strong enough to be used and roll the fibers for caulking. No one is idle shipboard.
I agree with MR and AS and note that a great driving force for very accurate clocks was to solve the longitude problem which was of great interest for navigation especially for the merchant navy; and the search was on, but not solved, in the 17th century.
The painting with the 'parrot' link that Australian Susan gave has rotted. The artist was Nicolaes Berchem; Wikipedia has a decent size image: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nic…
"townsend 18th century cooking" has videos on 18th century American cooking and living on YouTube and that's only roughly 50 to 100 years after these diaries.
"French" bread is described. It's made with extra ingredients (oil and egg? Can't remember) that results in a thick hard flakey crust, it looks as if one could tap it with a spoon and get a drum sound.
The interesting part is that the brown crust is removed by cutting and reserved for other cooking leaving a sorry looking but apparently really tasty loaf of bread. I mention this because the recipe quite possibly came from England and might have been used in Pepys time.
When I was first in Brazil in 1991 I did some reading to prepare myself. One author said that 'the Portuguese brought Christianity to the Indians and the Indians gave the Portuguese the habit of bathing: The Portuguese got the better deal'.
Re: Navigation. Estimating the ship's latitude by the altitude of the sun at local apparent noon (LAN) or at twilight by Polaris would have been a welcome factor in dead reckoning especially if the desired course should along a meridian or parallel. It's really hard to take a good sight when the ship is in tropical waters.
Using the sun one takes a sight around 9 am and another at LAN, say 3 and half hours later and 'advances' the 9 o'clock line along the track by the distance that they reckon the ship traveled in that time using their best guess for speed (dead reckoning). The Captain now has the important noon position (more or less)j.
BTW 20 years ago, around 1988, I discovered that the California Maritime Academy was no longer teaching celestial navigation. At some point neither was the Annapolis Naval Academy but I've heard that they have recently reinstated the course.
Comments
Second Reading
About Monday 31 December 1666
Nate Lockwood • Link
An echo from the past and past annotators: "Thus ends this year of publick wonder and mischief to this nation, and, therefore, generally wished by all people to have an end."
About Saturday 29 December 1666
Nate Lockwood • Link
Regarding cold temperatures, I assume that the temperatures in the houses and apartments were quite cold. They had no knowledge of the Franklin stove so the only heat came from really inefficient fireplaces and coal was expensive. The kitchen would be warmer for those that had one.
For the poor in the winter the daylight fades to darkness, it's really cold so the only recourse is to go to bed and snuggle up.
About Friday 28 December 1666
Nate Lockwood • Link
YouTube has some videos showing some aspects of making and using rushlights/rush candles. A couple of months ago I saw one that showed the rushes being gathered and impregnated with fat.
There's a link below forr another, I've not actually reviewed it as I can't use the sound on my computer at present, but it has a good scene showing the light that is given off when burned correctly.
Folks in cities would probably have to buy the rushes as they couldn't harvest them nor would they have much available fat.
https://youtu.be/b_8bAZ_Lu40
About Sunday 23 December 1666
Nate Lockwood • Link
Thanks, Mary: "Mitchell himself could indeed have been in the coach. It is dark night, there will have been no light within the coach and precious little (if any) anywhere in the street. The weather is cold and snowy, so the chances are that the passengers are wearing long, winter cloaks whose folds might be used to conceal the assault. "
The coach also had curtains which surely would have been closed as it was cold and they had no need to show off, that is, to be seen. It would have been the kind of darkness we very seldom see in this age of light pollution.
About Wednesday 2 May 1666
Nate Lockwood • Link
Ahh, yes, Jonathan V. I imagine that Pepys would really be in the doghouse if the whole 'house' were to be shut up including the other residents!
About Wednesday 4 April 1666
Nate Lockwood • Link
The History Guy (THG) published a short video about John Evelyn today on YouTube. Describes who Evelyn was, his garden, and publication on trees, but zeros in on the occupation of his house by Peter The Great. Worth viewing.
About Sunday 11 February 1665/66
Nate Lockwood • Link
"Items which go by the board could be said to be jetsam" Probably flotsam unless perhaps cables and rigging needed to be cut to free the ship from the items or the items are just tossed overboard.
IIRC you find, say, an empty lifeboat from a ship floating in the ocean and manage to bring it to shore it no longer belongs to the ship if the crew is responsible for it being in the ocean. Then it's jetsam and belongs to you (and perhaps some government entity), but if it was somehow washed overboard it's flotsam; you just salvaged it and are entitled to salvage fees.
About Sunday 14 January 1665/66
Nate Lockwood • Link
I love this blog!
About Friday 5 January 1665/66
Nate Lockwood • Link
There was an age of consent, I quote from:
rictornorton.co.uk/though16.htm
"The legal history, though very complicated, can be summarized: the age of consent for girls was 12 in the 13th century, but was lowered to 10 in 1576, and remained there until it was raised to 12 in 1861, then to 13 in 1875, and then to 16 in 1885. One could enter into a Common Law marriage at the age of 12."
About Wednesday 3 January 1665/66
Nate Lockwood • Link
Or, San Diego Sarah, perhaps she supervises and delegates ...
(Perhaps I should change my moniker to Riverside Robert.)
About Sunday 24 December 1665
Nate Lockwood • Link
Happy Holidays. I came across a frozen Cornish Pasty which I will thaw and have as a small dinner in Pepys honor along with a British evening draught. My first pasty ever.
About Thursday 23 November 1665
Nate Lockwood • Link
Nick, there was an age of consent in Pepys day, 12 years old.
"In 1275, the first age of consent was set in England, at age 12 (Westminster 1 statute).[3] In 1875, the Offences Against the Person Act raised the age to 13 in Great Britain and Ireland, and ten years later the Criminal Law Amendment Act of 1885 raised it to 16.[4][5] In 1917, a bill raising the age of consent in Great Britain and Ireland from 16 to 17 was defeated by only one vote."
The quoted paragraph is from this much longer Wikipedia article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age…
Let's not get too self righteous:
In the US many colonies and later the states had ages of consent of 10 or 12 years but a legal defence that the child was not virgin was accepted. Many of those laws were changed starting in the late 19th century but some continued through the late 20th century: https://www.sunypress.edu/pdf/608…
I think that Europe might have had similar laws.
About Wednesday 12 June 1667
Nate Lockwood • Link
"The History Guy' has a short blog explaining the origins of the war, the audacious raid, and the consequences. He shows paintings, drawings, maps, layout of the shipyard, etc. and mentions Pepys. Here's the link:
https://youtu.be/yiLiTJ1Ofys
I wonder how long it will last.
About Monday 11 September 1665
Nate Lockwood • Link
Lo and behold Youtube tempted me with a video of how a woman of wealth in 1665 in Delft would dress. It's well done and I suspect women of wealth in England would have dressed the same.
https://youtu.be/uIod2n234Zw
About Sunday 18 June 1665
Nate Lockwood • Link
Caulking, oakum, etc.
When sailors had ought to do they would be placed on deck far enough apart so it would be hard for them to converse. They'd then painstakingly unravel old hawsers that were no longer strong enough to be used and roll the fibers for caulking. No one is idle shipboard.
About Saturday 25 March 1665
Nate Lockwood • Link
I agree with MR and AS and note that a great driving force for very accurate clocks was to solve the longitude problem which was of great interest for navigation especially for the merchant navy; and the search was on, but not solved, in the 17th century.
About Sunday 19 March 1664/65
Nate Lockwood • Link
The painting with the 'parrot' link that Australian Susan gave has rotted. The artist was Nicolaes Berchem; Wikipedia has a decent size image:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nic…
About Wednesday 1 March 1664/65
Nate Lockwood • Link
"townsend 18th century cooking" has videos on 18th century American cooking and living on YouTube and that's only roughly 50 to 100 years after these diaries.
"French" bread is described. It's made with extra ingredients (oil and egg? Can't remember) that results in a thick hard flakey crust, it looks as if one could tap it with a spoon and get a drum sound.
The interesting part is that the brown crust is removed by cutting and reserved for other cooking leaving a sorry looking but apparently really tasty loaf of bread.
I mention this because the recipe quite possibly came from England and might have been used in Pepys time.
Do we have any bread recipes from this era?
About Saturday 25 February 1664/65
Nate Lockwood • Link
When I was first in Brazil in 1991 I did some reading to prepare myself. One author said that 'the Portuguese brought Christianity to the Indians and the Indians gave the Portuguese the habit of bathing: The Portuguese got the better deal'.
About Friday 24 February 1664/65
Nate Lockwood • Link
Re: Navigation. Estimating the ship's latitude by the altitude of the sun at local apparent noon (LAN) or at twilight by Polaris would have been a welcome factor in dead reckoning especially if the desired course should along a meridian or parallel. It's really hard to take a good sight when the ship is in tropical waters.
Using the sun one takes a sight around 9 am and another at LAN, say 3 and half hours later and 'advances' the 9 o'clock line along the track by the distance that they reckon the ship traveled in that time using their best guess for speed (dead reckoning). The Captain now has the important noon position (more or less)j.
BTW 20 years ago, around 1988, I discovered that the California Maritime Academy was no longer teaching celestial navigation. At some point neither was the Annapolis Naval Academy but I've heard that they have recently reinstated the course.