Thanks Plan B -- great pseudonym, by the way -- so far our first Tropical Storm in 90 years is boring. It's been drizzling big, warm drops for hours. The unofficial pool measurement is an inch so far. My plants are very happy. However, I live on the coastal plain and the eye is coming my way, so who knows what the midnight hours will bring. It's a very different story in the mountains and deserts where they are subject to landslides, and the winds and rains are blowing around the eye. For instance, I understand Las Vegas has lost power -- and they are 350 miles away.
As with so many things in life, throughout history -- bad news happens somewhere, but for the vast majority of people, nothing much happens. Also, the people in the eye of the storm feel the least -- it's people caught up on the fringes who suffer the biggest whiplash. (The scheming of Charles II is the eye, and he never misses a meal -- it's the [often un{der}paid] sailors fighting his wars who reap the whiplash, etc.)
As for annotations, I expect to be annotating my own humble first tries shortly. Hang out here for 9 years and you can't help but learn a lot.
Poor Rev. Ralph, the strain of not knowing whether or not he can keep his living is causing a crisis of faith. That must have been happening all over the country -- Parliament better get on with the Act of General Pardon, Indemnity, and Oblivion; it's not just Charles II who needs it taken care of.
God's covenant with Noah was a commitment to maintain the inherent relationship between Creator and creation; his relationship with the natural order -– implicit in the act of creation -– whereby he promised never again to destroy the earth with a flood.
Josselin keeps telling us what a good harvest he's having, and he hasn't mentioned rain recently. Maybe this was a (1)666 millennial worry? As a Presbyterian could he fear Charles II is the anti-Christ? Apparently, some did: https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo…
I hope God's covenant with Noah holds true today: San Diego is under threat of a Tropical Storm -- down from a stage 3 hurricane this morning. We haven't had one of those come on shore since 1936. It doesn't rain in August here!
"... and so with W. Hewer by coach to Worcester House, where I light, sending him home with the 100/. that I received to-day."
I read this as Will Hewer and Pepys took a coach from Harper's tavern, just outside Whitehall Palace, to Worcester House, where Pepys alighted, sending Hewer on home IN THE CARRIAGE. No "lug home at night through the dark and dangerous streets of London" involved.
As Pepys needed sustenance -- he had no idea how long Hyde would keep him at Worcester House, but Hewer could have supper at Seething Lane -- therefore Pepys goes to Mr. Harpers.
So what to do with the 100/. is a problem -- they moved large amounts of currency around in barrels at that time. By the sound of the weight, 100/. would justify a small barrel. I can't see Pepys having a small barrel of gold with him at an inn where he is drinking, even if he does meet friends. He does say, "I went all alone to drink at Mr. Harper’s ..." so Hewer did not go with him. Perhaps Hewer was left at the Privy Seal's office, and at an appointed time Pepys hired a carriage and met Hewer where he's waiting with the gold in a barrel at a lit entrance to Whitehall where there are guards?
"... people could keep their money in goldsmiths vaults ..." Pepys will share with us later that the Seething Lane house has a cellar with a locked door, which he mostly uses for wine, but it does fulfill other uses.
This summer I was at Traquair House outside Edinburgh, and they have what's called The Armada Chest on display. Talk about locks and bolts! It must weigh a ton, and was designed to defy thieves. But it would take 6 footmen to move it, empty.
And you're right -- many stashes of money have been found up chimneys and under floorboards and down wells and out in the fields. May we all give thanks for banks with locked boxes.
"Sir W. Batten, Pen, and myself, went to church to the churchwardens, to demand a pew, which at present could not be given us, but we are resolved to have one built."
Were the previous Navy Commissioners not church-goers? Were they more egalitarian, and liked to sit with friends rather than colleagues? Had the churchwardens sold the Navy Pew to someone else, and counted on the new commissioners expanding the seating at the expense of the Navy? The solution seemed to be agreed upon very quickly.
No mention of Lady Batten, Lady Penn or Elizabeth being in church today. Were they all home cooking dinner like good little wives?
I think Pepys was upset with Elizabeth because "... my wife had on her new petticoat that she bought yesterday, which indeed is a very fine cloth and a fine lace; but that being of a light colour, and the lace all silver, it makes no great show."
She hadn't spent her money wisely. But he holds his tongue until he goes to their bedroom and finds "my wife’s clothes lie carelessly laid up".
I don't find this unreasonable: I used to get mad at my honey when I went into our room and found his underwear left on the floor for me to pick up. The laundry basket was right there. So I don't see this as a big blow-out, just one of those "WTF" moments.
P.S. Pepys -- you are out drinking nearly every night with your pals, leaving Elizabeth surrounded by pre-teens. She might be trying to get your attention.
"The Restoration in Scotland followed that in England. The commission which had ruled the country since the Cromwellian conquest was replaced in August 1660 by the committee of estates much as it had existed in 1651. As in England, the principal appointments were of those who had contributed to royalist counsels during the exile: the earl of Middleton, close to Clarendon, was made commissioner to the parliament, and the earl of Glencairn was made lord chancellor; but senior figures in the kirk party were advanced as well, including Lord Rothes, to be lord president, and Lord Crawford, to be lord treasurer. The John Maitland, 2nd Earl of Lauderdale, the remaining leader of the Engagers of 1648, was appointed Secretary of State for Scotland. But the leader of the kirk party and the principal figure in the Scottish government in 1650–51, the marquess of Argyll, was not only deliberately excluded, but arrested and imprisoned, a sacrifice to Charles II's own bitter memories of his treatment in Scotland. [SPOILER: Argyll will be executed in May 1661, one of the few exempted from a general indemnity.]" https://www.oxforddnb.com/display…
I post this today because: "E. of Midd. Leave to be absent. ORDERED, That the Earl of Midd. hath Leave to be absent for a few Days." https://www.british-history.ac.uk…
If this is connected, Middleton will be gone for a lot longer than a few days.
@@@
Sandwich has no such permission for a Leave of Absence. There was a 5/. a day fine for no shows. What is he up to?
The Google librarian has quite a lot of information on more recent appointees, except for Wiki which says John Fowler didn't get the full-time job until 1662/3, and they don't record who filled the as-needed position before that. Fortunately Pepys names the Judge-Advocate as being "Fowler" when they go drinking together on March 21, 1659/60, https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/….
Wiki says: The Judge Advocate of the Fleet was an appointed civilian judge who was responsible for the supervision and superintendence of the court martial system in the Royal Navy from 1663 to 2008.
History The position dates to the 16th century but was filled on an occasional basis until 1663 when it became a permanent role. Appointments were by Admiralty Order and included an annual stipend worth £146 between 1663 and 1666, and £182 thereafter. From 1824 the Judge Advocate jointly held the office of Counsel to the Admiralty, later styled as Counsel to the Navy Department, Ministry of Defence. A remunerated position of Deputy Judge Advocate existed from 1668 to 1679, and again from 1684 to 1831. ...
Judge Advocates of the Fleet: 1663 J. Fowler 1672 J. Brisbane 1680 H. Croone 1689 P. Foster 1689 F. Bacher 1690 Villiers Bathurst 1711 W. Strahan 1714 E. Honywood 1724 J. Copeland ...
Sir Heneage Finch MP reports to the Commons on his conference with the Lords about the Bill of Indemnity and Oblivion -- they appear to me not to want to do this.
One part of Finch's speach I found impactful: "It is true, he said, the Thrones of Kings are established by Judgment and Mercy: But Mercy had been shewn already; and nothing remains now, for Support of his Throne, but Justice: And therefore his Lordship concluded this Point with Advice; "Let the Wickedness of these Men fall on their own Heads; but let the Throne of our King be established forever."
Bill's Trotters recipes seem quite advanced for Elizabeth (aged 20) and her maid, Jane Birch (aged 13) to be preparing in their new kitchen. Perhaps they were not expecting company, and were experimenting?
Better get a real cook, Pepys, if you're going to be bringing company home.
"... a cat killed with the Duke of Florence’s poyson, and saw it proved that the oyle of tobacco drawn by one of the Society do the same effect, and is judged to be the same thing with the poyson both in colour and smell, and effect."
The Folger Shakespeare Library offers Fellowships, and Renée A. Bricker, a Professor of History at the University of North Georgia, published a short article about the importance of smell at the Court of Queen Elizabeth as a result of her month with them. See it at https://www.folger.edu/blogs/coll…
Three examples she sites to illustrate Early Modern attitudes to smell and aromas:
Queen Elizabeth is a perfect example to examine for the intersections of smells with larger consequences than personal disgust or pleasure. Why? As monarch, her personal tastes affected the economy and diplomacy. The medical context of miasma, the belief that sickness happened either by foul odors or from the porous emissions of infected people, meant smells could be a matter of national security. Prof. Bricker examines this political thread of the intersection between olfaction and context.
On the one hand, smells could be protective, as in the recipe below for "A Perfume for the Howse against Plague, from Medical Miscellany":
"Take a quart of Vineger, Seeth therein the Leaues of Angelica, Bay Leaues, Rue Centory the lesse, Camomill, the berries of Iuniper, some ryndes of Oringes, and Lemmons, Some Elycampane Roote and Rodoana; Putt some of this Liquorice vpon an hott fire shouell, and take the fume of it. The smoake of a Linke when the Light is out is very good."
And sometimes fumes could be deadly:
Thomas Arundell noted to himself, on a paper found in his chamber in 1597, that he might “Learn of Mr. Platt his way to poison air and so to infect a whole camp.” Thomas Arundell. Vol. 50. Hertfordshire: The Marquess of Salisbury, 1597. https://www.proquest.com/governme….
In both cases, the air was poisoned, but Arundell’s letter offers an example of weaponizing air, something not usually associated with premodern conflict. In both cases, air was the arena for fighting odor with odor -- which is what perfumes and deodorants do, also.
For an exposition of smells and the plague, she recommends Holly Dugan, “Smelling Disease: Rosemary, Pomanders, Shut-in Households,” in The Ephemeral History of Perfume: Scent and Sense in Early Modern England (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2011): 97 – 125.
Holly Dugan, “Seeing Smell,” in The senses in early modern England, 1558–1660, ed. by Simon Watts, Jackie Watson And Amy Kenny (Manchester UK: Manchester University Press, 2015), 91 – 123. https://sixthsensereader.org/abou…
"Sir Samuel Morland came in with a Baronet’s grant to pass, which the King had given him to make money of. Here he staid with me a great while; and told me the whole manner of his serving the King in the time of the Protector; and how Thurloe’s bad usage made him to do it; how he discovered Sir R. Willis, and how he hath sunk his fortune for the King; and that now the King hath given him a pension of 500/. per annum out of the Post Office for life, and the benefit of two Baronets; all which do make me begin to think that he is not so much a fool as I took him to be."
No one liked Morland at this time. Republicans, Army men and Royalists had all been betrayed by him recently.
Pepys might have thought that Morland was a fool for going to see Charles II in such a public manner in Breda, and taking a knighthood -- such a blatant suck-up; and where was the compensation?
But now a pension from the Post Office -- not under Parliament's control! -- plus the the benefit of two Baronets (they cost 500/. in King James' time -- no idea what Charles II was charging for one) -- PLUS the King has become an investor in Morland's business, all of which makes Pepys think Morland has played his hand better than he had previously thought.
People with big invention ideas sometimes act a bit out of whack with the rest of the crowd -- their drummer has a compelling but different beat, and they often do not pay attention to social politics. They can make us uncomfortable because we know they are smarter than us, and we don't like that either.
It is also known Amb. Sir Thomas Bendish, 2nd Bart., met Isaac Barrow (1630 – 1677) who went on to be a Christian theologian and mathematician who is credited for his role in the early development of infinitesimal calculus. Barrow received an MA from Cambridge in 1652; resided for a few years in college, and became candidate for the Greek Professorship at Cambridge, but in 1655 -- having refused to sign the Engagement to uphold the Commonwealth -- he was given travel grants to go abroad. [Barrow spent 4 years travelling across France, Italy, Smyrna and Constantinople, and after many adventures returned to England in 1659. On one occasion he saved the ship by his prowess from capture by pirates. -- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isa… ]
Amb. Sir Thomas Bendish was recalled from his post by Parliament before 1655, but he continued to service without commission. [Working for the Levant Co. in Constantinople must have been profitable for men to be so dedicated to staying there, don't you think? - SDS]
Lady Anne Baker Bendish died of the plague before 1661 in Constantinople, and was buried at Steeple Bumstead, Essex.
Amb. Bendish's tenure was ended by Charles II on 25 June, 1660. He was replaced by Heneage Finch, 2nd/3rd Earl of Winchilsea. Because of changing political situation, he delayed his departure until 11 March, 1661.
Amb. Bendish returned home and spent the last years of his life in a dispute over expenses with the Levant Co.
Sir Thomas Bendish died at Bower Hall in 1674. He was succeeded by son and heir Sir John Bendish, 3rd Bart (1630–1707).
We know Amb. Bendish had another son, Thomas, because Pepys records being introduced to him by Thomas "the Turner" Pepys.
Sir Thomas Bendish of Bower Hall, Steeple Bumpstead, Essex, 2nd baronet (1607-1674), was the son of Sir Thomas Bendish, 1st baronet (c.1568-1636) and Dorothy, daughter of Richard Cutts of Arkesden.
Bendish Jr. enrolled in Middle Temple in 1626, after earlier studying at St. John's College, Cambridge.
Sir Thomas Bendish Jr. succeeded to the Baronetcy in 1636.
In 1637 Sir Thomas married Anne, daughter of Henry Baker of North Shoebury, Essex.
Bendish was appointed to the commission of the peace for Essex in May 1638.
He was a committed royalist during the civil wars and reputedly sent King Charles £3,000, for which he was was banned from Essex, had his estates seized, and was imprisoned in the Tower of London and fined £1,500 in August 1644. Sir Thomas was released on 28 September 1644, after paying £1,000, although he remained banned from coming within 20 miles of Essex.
At some point he must have gone to Oxford, as Sir Thomas Bendish was appointed the Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire by King Charles on 8 Jan., 1647 and on 29 Jan,, 1647 the House of Lords confirmed the appointment. A Royal Commission was set up by parliament on 1 Feb. Sir Thomas Bendish received articles with the Levant Company from 18 March, before setting sail and arriving in Constantinople by 26 Sept., 1647.
During 1647 Sir Thomas apparently had another interest: During the first Civil War, Jane Ryder Whorwood stayed in the Oxford area with her children while her husband, the abusive Brome Whorwood, was away on the continent. By 1647 she had the courtier Sir Thomas Bendish as her lover. Anthony Wood describes Jane as “the most loyal person to King Charles in his miseries as any woman in England”, and she is now believed to have been the King's mistress while he was imprisoned at Carisbrooke Castle. For many years Jane lived apart from her husband.
Jane stayed in Oxford where she fund-raised for the King, and Lady Anne Baker and Amb. Sir Thomas Bendish went to Constantinople.
Upon his entrance to Constantinople, Amb. Bendish was confronted by the previous ambassador, who refused to relinquish his post, and had to be forcibly removed from office.
As Ambassador, Bendish spent time dealing with factionalism and corruption in the Levant Co., purchasing and freeing English slaves, as well as using gunboats to extract capitulations or trading privileges from the Sultan. He survived several attempts to replace him, the drowning of a son at sea, and imprisonment by the Ottomans when he clashed with one of the clerical hierarchy over a commercial matter.
As I recall Pepys rode to London from the Charles fairly spontaneously, so he would have had minimal things with him -- plus Charles II had entrusted him with his guitar (which Pepys gave to someone else to carry). Presumably when you have lived on board for 3 or so months, and cross the Channel and do some shopping, not everything you now own fits on a horse. So Pepys locked his cabin door, assuming they would be back, either to pack up or to sail again. He knows Mr. Dunn and trusts him to put everything into his sea chest, or get some boxes. I'm going to guess this was his cabin on the Charles, as he had ample warning about the move from the Swiftsure. Now to wait until the 20th to find out if I'm right.
L&M Companion has a long Honeywood family entry. The part about Sir Thomas:
The sons of Robert Honeywood of Marks Hall, Essex, used Pepys' house in Salisbury Court as their town lodgings. The family is often mentioned in the Diary of Pepys' contemporary, Rev. Ralph Josselin, Vicar of Earl's Colne, Essex. The eldest, a particular friend of Josselin's, was Sir Thomas (1586-1666), a leading Parliamentarian in his day (MP for Essex in 1654 and 1656 and a member of Cromwell's Upper House), but distrusted by hard-line Puritans as "a knight of the old stamp" ... "rather soft in his spirit". He retired from public life in 1660. His daughter mentioned by Pepys was Elizabeth (D. 1702) who, in 1658, married Sir John Cotton MP for Huntingdon, grandson of the antiquarian Sir Robert Bruce Cotton. ...
Now over to https://www.historyofparliamenton… married (2) 20 Oct. 1658, Elizabeth, da. of Sir Thomas Honeywood of Markshall, Essex, and heir to her bro. John Lamott Honeywood, 1 surviving son and 2 daughters. ... Shortly after his second marriage, he is said to have attempted suicide. Returned for Huntingdon at the general election of 1661, he was a moderately active Member of the Cavalier Parliament, ... Cotton’s recorded speeches were plentifully adorned with classical tags. According to Evelyn, Cotton was only ‘a pretended great Grecian, but had by no means the parts or genius of his grandfather’; but Cotton’s letters suggest that this verdict was too harsh. ... Sir Richard Wiseman described him as ‘a very good man, and rarely misseth in his vote, and then by mistake only. Some person (trusty) should always sit near him.’ On the other hand the author of "A Seasonable Argument" called him ‘a madman who cut his own throat, and now cuts his country’s by his vote’, and Shaftesbury marked him ‘thrice vile’. ... He seems to have been unaffected by the Popish Plot agitation, except when the Lords nervously desired him to remove his coals and faggots from their cellars. ... He took no part in the Revolution, but accepted the new regime: ‘as for the public affairs’, he wrote in 1693, ‘I desire wholly to acquiesce in God’s providence’. His ascetic life earned for him a healthy and cheerful old age, occupied by learned correspondence, the composition of Latin verse, and the writing of an autobiography which does not seem to have survived. He died on 12 Sept. 1702, aged 81, and was buried at Conington. In accordance with his desires, the Cottonian Library was sold to the nation for £4,500. His grandson was elected for Huntingdon in 1705 and for the county in 1710 as a Tory."
No mention of what happened to Elizabeth.
@@@
Elizabeth doesn't come up when I search our Encyclopedia for "Honywood" (Pepys' spelling), so I presume L&M thought the August 13, 1660 mention was to her, but we know she was married by then. One of the few times we find L&M probably incorrect.
Comments
Third Reading
About Sunday 19 August 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
Thanks Plan B -- great pseudonym, by the way -- so far our first Tropical Storm in 90 years is boring. It's been drizzling big, warm drops for hours. The unofficial pool measurement is an inch so far. My plants are very happy. However, I live on the coastal plain and the eye is coming my way, so who knows what the midnight hours will bring.
It's a very different story in the mountains and deserts where they are subject to landslides, and the winds and rains are blowing around the eye.
For instance, I understand Las Vegas has lost power -- and they are 350 miles away.
As with so many things in life, throughout history -- bad news happens somewhere, but for the vast majority of people, nothing much happens.
Also, the people in the eye of the storm feel the least -- it's people caught up on the fringes who suffer the biggest whiplash. (The scheming of Charles II is the eye, and he never misses a meal -- it's the [often un{der}paid] sailors fighting his wars who reap the whiplash, etc.)
As for annotations, I expect to be annotating my own humble first tries shortly. Hang out here for 9 years and you can't help but learn a lot.
About Sunday 19 August 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
Poor Rev. Ralph, the strain of not knowing whether or not he can keep his living is causing a crisis of faith. That must have been happening all over the country -- Parliament better get on with the Act of General Pardon, Indemnity, and Oblivion; it's not just Charles II who needs it taken care of.
God's covenant with Noah was a commitment to maintain the inherent relationship between Creator and creation; his relationship with the natural order -– implicit in the act of creation -– whereby he promised never again to destroy the earth with a flood.
Josselin keeps telling us what a good harvest he's having, and he hasn't mentioned rain recently. Maybe this was a (1)666 millennial worry? As a Presbyterian could he fear Charles II is the anti-Christ? Apparently, some did: https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo…
I hope God's covenant with Noah holds true today: San Diego is under threat of a Tropical Storm -- down from a stage 3 hurricane this morning. We haven't had one of those come on shore since 1936. It doesn't rain in August here!
About Monday 20 August 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
"... and so with W. Hewer by coach to Worcester House, where I light, sending him home with the 100/. that I received to-day."
I read this as Will Hewer and Pepys took a coach from Harper's tavern, just outside Whitehall Palace, to Worcester House, where Pepys alighted, sending Hewer on home IN THE CARRIAGE. No "lug home at night through the dark and dangerous streets of London" involved.
As Pepys needed sustenance -- he had no idea how long Hyde would keep him at Worcester House, but Hewer could have supper at Seething Lane -- therefore Pepys goes to Mr. Harpers.
So what to do with the 100/. is a problem -- they moved large amounts of currency around in barrels at that time. By the sound of the weight, 100/. would justify a small barrel.
I can't see Pepys having a small barrel of gold with him at an inn where he is drinking, even if he does meet friends. He does say, "I went all alone to drink at Mr. Harper’s ..." so Hewer did not go with him.
Perhaps Hewer was left at the Privy Seal's office, and at an appointed time Pepys hired a carriage and met Hewer where he's waiting with the gold in a barrel at a lit entrance to Whitehall where there are guards?
"... people could keep their money in goldsmiths vaults ..."
Pepys will share with us later that the Seething Lane house has a cellar with a locked door, which he mostly uses for wine, but it does fulfill other uses.
This summer I was at Traquair House outside Edinburgh, and they have what's called The Armada Chest on display. Talk about locks and bolts! It must weigh a ton, and was designed to defy thieves. But it would take 6 footmen to move it, empty.
And you're right -- many stashes of money have been found up chimneys and under floorboards and down wells and out in the fields.
May we all give thanks for banks with locked boxes.
About Sunday 19 August 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
"Sir W. Batten, Pen, and myself, went to church to the churchwardens, to demand a pew, which at present could not be given us, but we are resolved to have one built."
Were the previous Navy Commissioners not church-goers?
Were they more egalitarian, and liked to sit with friends rather than colleagues?
Had the churchwardens sold the Navy Pew to someone else, and counted on the new commissioners expanding the seating at the expense of the Navy? The solution seemed to be agreed upon very quickly.
No mention of Lady Batten, Lady Penn or Elizabeth being in church today. Were they all home cooking dinner like good little wives?
About Sunday 19 August 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
I think Pepys was upset with Elizabeth because "... my wife had on her new petticoat that she bought yesterday, which indeed is a very fine cloth and a fine lace; but that being of a light colour, and the lace all silver, it makes no great show."
She hadn't spent her money wisely. But he holds his tongue until he goes to their bedroom and finds "my wife’s clothes lie carelessly laid up".
I don't find this unreasonable: I used to get mad at my honey when I went into our room and found his underwear left on the floor for me to pick up. The laundry basket was right there. So I don't see this as a big blow-out, just one of those "WTF" moments.
P.S. Pepys -- you are out drinking nearly every night with your pals, leaving Elizabeth surrounded by pre-teens. She might be trying to get your attention.
About Thursday 16 August 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
"The Restoration in Scotland followed that in England. The commission which had ruled the country since the Cromwellian conquest was replaced in August 1660 by the committee of estates much as it had existed in 1651.
As in England, the principal appointments were of those who had contributed to royalist counsels during the exile: the earl of Middleton, close to Clarendon, was made commissioner to the parliament, and the earl of Glencairn was made lord chancellor; but senior figures in the kirk party were advanced as well, including Lord Rothes, to be lord president, and Lord Crawford, to be lord treasurer.
The John Maitland, 2nd Earl of Lauderdale, the remaining leader of the Engagers of 1648, was appointed Secretary of State for Scotland.
But the leader of the kirk party and the principal figure in the Scottish government in 1650–51, the marquess of Argyll, was not only deliberately excluded, but arrested and imprisoned, a sacrifice to Charles II's own bitter memories of his treatment in Scotland.
[SPOILER: Argyll will be executed in May 1661, one of the few exempted from a general indemnity.]"
https://www.oxforddnb.com/display…
I post this today because:
"E. of Midd. Leave to be absent.
ORDERED, That the Earl of Midd. hath Leave to be absent for a few Days."
https://www.british-history.ac.uk…
If this is connected, Middleton will be gone for a lot longer than a few days.
@@@
Sandwich has no such permission for a Leave of Absence. There was a 5/. a day fine for no shows. What is he up to?
About John Fowler
San Diego Sarah • Link
The Google librarian has quite a lot of information on more recent appointees, except for Wiki which says John Fowler didn't get the full-time job until 1662/3, and they don't record who filled the as-needed position before that.
Fortunately Pepys names the Judge-Advocate as being "Fowler" when they go drinking together on March 21, 1659/60, https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/….
Wiki says:
The Judge Advocate of the Fleet was an appointed civilian judge who was responsible for the supervision and superintendence of the court martial system in the Royal Navy from 1663 to 2008.
History
The position dates to the 16th century but was filled on an occasional basis until 1663 when it became a permanent role.
Appointments were by Admiralty Order and included an annual stipend worth £146 between 1663 and 1666, and £182 thereafter.
From 1824 the Judge Advocate jointly held the office of Counsel to the Admiralty, later styled as Counsel to the Navy Department, Ministry of Defence.
A remunerated position of Deputy Judge Advocate existed from 1668 to 1679, and again from 1684 to 1831. ...
Judge Advocates of the Fleet:
1663 J. Fowler
1672 J. Brisbane
1680 H. Croone
1689 P. Foster
1689 F. Bacher
1690 Villiers Bathurst
1711 W. Strahan
1714 E. Honywood
1724 J. Copeland
...
EXTRACTED FROM https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jud…
About Friday 17 August 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
Sir Heneage Finch MP reports to the Commons on his conference with the Lords about the Bill of Indemnity and Oblivion -- they appear to me not to want to do this.
One part of Finch's speach I found impactful:
"It is true, he said, the Thrones of Kings are established by Judgment and Mercy: But Mercy had been shewn already; and nothing remains now, for Support of his Throne, but Justice:
And therefore his Lordship concluded this Point with Advice; "Let the Wickedness of these Men fall on their own Heads; but let the Throne of our King be established forever."
About Friday 17 August 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
Pepys confessed he had not been following the news/rumors recently. Rev. Ralph gives us an idea of what was brewing in his diary notes today.
About Friday 17 August 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
Bill's Trotters recipes seem quite advanced for Elizabeth (aged 20) and her maid, Jane Birch (aged 13) to be preparing in their new kitchen. Perhaps they were not expecting company, and were experimenting?
Better get a real cook, Pepys, if you're going to be bringing company home.
About Wednesday 3 May 1665
San Diego Sarah • Link
"... a cat killed with the Duke of Florence’s poyson, and saw it proved that the oyle of tobacco drawn by one of the Society do the same effect, and is judged to be the same thing with the poyson both in colour and smell, and effect."
The Folger Shakespeare Library offers Fellowships, and Renée A. Bricker, a Professor of History at the University of North Georgia, published a short article about the importance of smell at the Court of Queen Elizabeth as a result of her month with them.
See it at https://www.folger.edu/blogs/coll…
Three examples she sites to illustrate Early Modern attitudes to smell and aromas:
Queen Elizabeth is a perfect example to examine for the intersections of smells with larger consequences than personal disgust or pleasure.
Why? As monarch, her personal tastes affected the economy and diplomacy.
The medical context of miasma, the belief that sickness happened either by foul odors or from the porous emissions of infected people,
meant smells could be a matter of national security.
Prof. Bricker examines this political thread of the intersection between olfaction and context.
On the one hand, smells could be protective, as in the recipe below for "A Perfume for the Howse against Plague, from Medical Miscellany":
"Take a quart of Vineger, Seeth therein the Leaues
of Angelica, Bay Leaues, Rue Centory the lesse,
Camomill, the berries of Iuniper, some ryndes
of Oringes, and Lemmons, Some Elycampane
Roote and Rodoana;
Putt some of this Liquorice vpon an hott fire shouell,
and take the fume of it.
The smoake of a Linke when the Light is out
is very good."
And sometimes fumes could be deadly:
Thomas Arundell noted to himself, on a paper found in his chamber in 1597, that he might “Learn of Mr. Platt his way to poison air and so to infect a whole camp.”
Thomas Arundell. Vol. 50. Hertfordshire: The Marquess of Salisbury, 1597. https://www.proquest.com/governme….
In both cases, the air was poisoned, but Arundell’s letter offers an example of weaponizing air, something not usually associated with premodern conflict.
In both cases, air was the arena for fighting odor with odor -- which is what perfumes and deodorants do, also.
For an exposition of smells and the plague, she recommends Holly Dugan, “Smelling Disease: Rosemary, Pomanders, Shut-in Households,” in The Ephemeral History of Perfume: Scent and Sense in Early Modern England (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2011): 97 – 125.
Holly Dugan, “Seeing Smell,” in The senses in early modern England, 1558–1660, ed. by Simon Watts, Jackie Watson And Amy Kenny (Manchester UK: Manchester University Press, 2015), 91 – 123.
https://sixthsensereader.org/abou…
About Tuesday 14 August 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
"Sir Samuel Morland came in with a Baronet’s grant to pass, which the King had given him to make money of. Here he staid with me a great while; and told me the whole manner of his serving the King in the time of the Protector; and how Thurloe’s bad usage made him to do it; how he discovered Sir R. Willis, and how he hath sunk his fortune for the King; and that now the King hath given him a pension of 500/. per annum out of the Post Office for life, and the benefit of two Baronets; all which do make me begin to think that he is not so much a fool as I took him to be."
No one liked Morland at this time. Republicans, Army men and Royalists had all been betrayed by him recently.
Pepys might have thought that Morland was a fool for going to see Charles II in such a public manner in Breda, and taking a knighthood -- such a blatant suck-up; and where was the compensation?
But now a pension from the Post Office -- not under Parliament's control! -- plus the the benefit of two Baronets (they cost 500/. in King James' time -- no idea what Charles II was charging for one) -- PLUS the King has become an investor in Morland's business, all of which makes Pepys think Morland has played his hand better than he had previously thought.
People with big invention ideas sometimes act a bit out of whack with the rest of the crowd -- their drummer has a compelling but different beat, and they often do not pay attention to social politics.
They can make us uncomfortable because we know they are smarter than us, and we don't like that either.
About History resources
San Diego Sarah • Link
Fashion -- articles -- pictures -- museums -- poke around, there's lots here:
https://fashionhistory.fitnyc.edu…
About Monday 18 January 1663/64
San Diego Sarah • Link
"a courtier's stepdaughter, Jane Whorwood, who was a spy and messenger for Charles I."
Jane Ryder Whorwood popped up in another biography -- and she was more than a spy and messenger to King Charles:
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
Her story:
https://www.english-heritage.org.…
https://headington.org.uk/history…
About Sir Thomas Bendish (2nd Baronet)
San Diego Sarah • Link
PART 2
It is also known Amb. Sir Thomas Bendish, 2nd Bart., met Isaac Barrow (1630 – 1677) who went on to be a Christian theologian and mathematician who is credited for his role in the early development of infinitesimal calculus. Barrow received an MA from Cambridge in 1652; resided for a few years in college, and became candidate for the Greek Professorship at Cambridge, but in 1655 -- having refused to sign the Engagement to uphold the Commonwealth -- he was given travel grants to go abroad.
[Barrow spent 4 years travelling across France, Italy, Smyrna and Constantinople, and after many adventures returned to England in 1659. On one occasion he saved the ship by his prowess from capture by pirates. -- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isa… ]
Amb. Sir Thomas Bendish was recalled from his post by Parliament before 1655, but he continued to service without commission.
[Working for the Levant Co. in Constantinople must have been profitable for men to be so dedicated to staying there, don't you think? - SDS]
Lady Anne Baker Bendish died of the plague before 1661 in Constantinople, and was buried at Steeple Bumstead, Essex.
Amb. Bendish's tenure was ended by Charles II on 25 June, 1660. He was replaced by Heneage Finch, 2nd/3rd Earl of Winchilsea. Because of changing political situation, he delayed his departure until 11 March, 1661.
Amb. Bendish returned home and spent the last years of his life in a dispute over expenses with the Levant Co.
Sir Thomas Bendish died at Bower Hall in 1674. He was succeeded by son and heir Sir John Bendish, 3rd Bart (1630–1707).
We know Amb. Bendish had another son, Thomas, because Pepys records being introduced to him by Thomas "the Turner" Pepys.
Notres taken from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tho…
https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Ben…
https://headington.org.uk/history…
https://www.joh.cam.ac.uk/library…
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
About Sir Thomas Bendish (2nd Baronet)
San Diego Sarah • Link
Sir Thomas Bendish of Bower Hall, Steeple Bumpstead, Essex, 2nd baronet (1607-1674), was the son of Sir Thomas Bendish, 1st baronet (c.1568-1636) and Dorothy, daughter of Richard Cutts of Arkesden.
Bendish Jr. enrolled in Middle Temple in 1626, after earlier studying at St. John's College, Cambridge.
Sir Thomas Bendish Jr. succeeded to the Baronetcy in 1636.
In 1637 Sir Thomas married Anne, daughter of Henry Baker of North Shoebury, Essex.
Bendish was appointed to the commission of the peace for Essex in May 1638.
He was a committed royalist during the civil wars and reputedly sent King Charles £3,000, for which he was was banned from Essex, had his estates seized, and was imprisoned in the Tower of London and fined £1,500 in August 1644.
Sir Thomas was released on 28 September 1644, after paying £1,000, although he remained banned from coming within 20 miles of Essex.
At some point he must have gone to Oxford, as Sir Thomas Bendish was appointed the Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire by King Charles on 8 Jan., 1647 and on 29 Jan,, 1647 the House of Lords confirmed the appointment.
A Royal Commission was set up by parliament on 1 Feb. Sir Thomas Bendish received articles with the Levant Company from 18 March, before setting sail and arriving in Constantinople by 26 Sept., 1647.
During 1647 Sir Thomas apparently had another interest:
During the first Civil War, Jane Ryder Whorwood stayed in the Oxford area with her children while her husband, the abusive Brome Whorwood, was away on the continent.
By 1647 she had the courtier Sir Thomas Bendish as her lover.
Anthony Wood describes Jane as “the most loyal person to King Charles in his miseries as any woman in England”, and she is now believed to have been the King's mistress while he was imprisoned at Carisbrooke Castle. For many years Jane lived apart from her husband.
Jane stayed in Oxford where she fund-raised for the King, and Lady Anne Baker and Amb. Sir Thomas Bendish went to Constantinople.
Upon his entrance to Constantinople, Amb. Bendish was confronted by the previous ambassador, who refused to relinquish his post, and had to be forcibly removed from office.
As Ambassador, Bendish spent time dealing with factionalism and corruption in the Levant Co., purchasing and freeing English slaves, as well as using gunboats to extract capitulations or trading privileges from the Sultan.
He survived several attempts to replace him, the drowning of a son at sea, and imprisonment by the Ottomans when he clashed with one of the clerical hierarchy over a commercial matter.
About Monday 13 August 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
YESTEERDAY: "My Lord dined at my Lord Chamberlain’s, ..."
TODAY: "... my Lord’s; where he told me that he would suddenly go into the country, ..."
Perhaps Lord Chamberlain Sir Edward Montagu, 2nd Earl of Manchester had something for his cousin to do?
Or it may be that the yacht and Charles II's landing craft have arrived at Hinchingbrooke and he wants to see what his many children make of them???
About Sunday 12 August 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
"And why would Pepys's "things" still be there?"
As I recall Pepys rode to London from the Charles fairly spontaneously, so he would have had minimal things with him -- plus Charles II had entrusted him with his guitar (which Pepys gave to someone else to carry).
Presumably when you have lived on board for 3 or so months, and cross the Channel and do some shopping, not everything you now own fits on a horse.
So Pepys locked his cabin door, assuming they would be back, either to pack up or to sail again.
He knows Mr. Dunn and trusts him to put everything into his sea chest, or get some boxes.
I'm going to guess this was his cabin on the Charles, as he had ample warning about the move from the Swiftsure.
Now to wait until the 20th to find out if I'm right.
About Sir Thomas Honywood
San Diego Sarah • Link
L&M Companion has a long Honeywood family entry. The part about Sir Thomas:
The sons of Robert Honeywood of Marks Hall, Essex, used Pepys' house in Salisbury Court as their town lodgings.
The family is often mentioned in the Diary of Pepys' contemporary, Rev. Ralph Josselin, Vicar of Earl's Colne, Essex.
The eldest, a particular friend of Josselin's, was Sir Thomas (1586-1666), a leading Parliamentarian in his day (MP for Essex in 1654 and 1656 and a member of Cromwell's Upper House), but distrusted by hard-line Puritans as "a knight of the old stamp" ... "rather soft in his spirit".
He retired from public life in 1660.
His daughter mentioned by Pepys was Elizabeth (D. 1702) who, in 1658, married Sir John Cotton MP for Huntingdon, grandson of the antiquarian Sir Robert Bruce Cotton. ...
Now over to
https://www.historyofparliamenton…
married (2) 20 Oct. 1658, Elizabeth, da. of Sir Thomas Honeywood of Markshall, Essex, and heir to her bro. John Lamott Honeywood, 1 surviving son and 2 daughters. ...
Shortly after his second marriage, he is said to have attempted suicide. Returned for Huntingdon at the general election of 1661, he was a moderately active Member of the Cavalier Parliament, ...
Cotton’s recorded speeches were plentifully adorned with classical tags. According to Evelyn, Cotton was only ‘a pretended great Grecian, but had by no means the parts or genius of his grandfather’; but Cotton’s letters suggest that this verdict was too harsh. ...
Sir Richard Wiseman described him as ‘a very good man, and rarely misseth in his vote, and then by mistake only. Some person (trusty) should always sit near him.’ On the other hand the author of "A Seasonable Argument" called him ‘a madman who cut his own throat, and now cuts his country’s by his vote’, and Shaftesbury marked him ‘thrice vile’. ...
He seems to have been unaffected by the Popish Plot agitation, except when the Lords nervously desired him to remove his coals and faggots from their cellars. ...
He took no part in the Revolution, but accepted the new regime: ‘as for the public affairs’, he wrote in 1693, ‘I desire wholly to acquiesce in God’s providence’. His ascetic life earned for him a healthy and cheerful old age, occupied by learned correspondence, the composition of Latin verse, and the writing of an autobiography which does not seem to have survived.
He died on 12 Sept. 1702, aged 81, and was buried at Conington. In accordance with his desires, the Cottonian Library was sold to the nation for £4,500. His grandson was elected for Huntingdon in 1705 and for the county in 1710 as a Tory."
No mention of what happened to Elizabeth.
@@@
Elizabeth doesn't come up when I search our Encyclopedia for "Honywood" (Pepys' spelling), so I presume L&M thought the August 13, 1660 mention was to her, but we know she was married by then.
One of the few times we find L&M probably incorrect.
About John Pickering
San Diego Sarah • Link
L&M: The Pickering family have a long, group entry. The part referring to John:
Sir Gilbert Pickering, 1st Bart. (1613 - 1668)'s eldest son, Sir John Pickering (d. 1703) had a place in the Exchequer until the Restoration.