Sir George Carteret MP's Parliamentary bio says that he does not become the Treasurer of the Navy until July, 1667. https://www.historyofparliamenton…
Therefore Pepys' early transactions on behalf of Adm. Edward Montagu were with Richard Hutchinson MP (Parliamentary 1651–1660) https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
Two weeks have elapsed since Charles II returned to London. The new Ambassadors are arriving, and already secret neetings are being held.
Chancellor Edward Hyde has established himself temporarily at Worcester House, so events there escape the Court's prying eyes.
Back in 1644, King Joao IV of Portugal, in an effort to reinforce his standing, had sent his ambassador to England to negotiate a marriage between King Charles’ eldest son, Charles the Prince of Wales, and his daughter, the Infanta Catherine. Because of the Civil Wars, the negotiations were never carried out.
Exhausted with fighting the Spaniards, King Joao died in 1656 leaving his remarkable wife, Luisa de Guzman, as regent for young King Afonso. Queen Regent Luisa continued the fight against the dominance of Spain and enhanced Portugal’s independence through military and commercial endeavors.
Luisa soon started negotiating Catherine’s hand in marriage. At first she contemplated a marriage with Louis XIV. When that didn’t materialize, in 1660 she turned to England.
A secret meeting was set up with her ambassador and Charles II. The Portuguese offered Tangier which could be used as a base for trade in the Mediterranean, Bombay, a gateway for trade with India, free trade with Brazil and the East Indies and an enormous amount of cash, £300,000.
After a year of negotiations and overcoming his doubts about marrying a Catholic princess, Charles II announced he would marry Catherine of Braganza before Parliament on May 8, 1661. [A YEAR MEANS PRELIMINARY NEGOTIATIONS BEGAN ABOUT NOW,]
As soon as the Restoration seemed probable, the Portuguese ambassador Dom Francisco de Mello sounded out Gen. Monck as to the prospects of renewing the old project of marrying the restored Charles II to the Infanta Catherine of Braganza. (ib. xvii. 221; EACHARD, History of England, p. 81; KENNET, Register and Chronicle, p. 394).
Charles II's return on May 29, 1660 was quickly followed by a formal proposal of the alliance. The terms offered were tempting: Tangiers, to command the mouth of the Mediterranean; Bombay, with full trading privileges in the Indies; religious and commercial freedom for English subjects in Portugal, and the vast portion of 2,000,000 of crusados (about 300,000/.) Protection from Spain and Holland, full yet defined liberty of Catholic worship for the Infanta Catherine, were trifling concessions for such great advantages.
In a secret council at Clarendon's house, Charles II expressed his willingness to proceed with the matter.
in the autumn the Portuguese ambassador Dom Francisco de Mello, confident of a successful conclusion, returned to Portugal to get further instructions.
At Court today, more supplicants for Charles II's bounty:
A more perfect account of the Address of the University of Oxford to his Majesty, on Friday June 14. [SIC]
THe Vice chancellor, Doctors, Proctors and Masters above the number of 120, all in their formalities came from Darby House, accompanied by the Earl of Southampton (by reason of the indisposition of their Chancellor the Lord Marquess of Hertford) to Whitehall, where the Vice-chancellor humbly saluted his Majesty with a Speech, and presenting a book of Verses upon his happy Re∣turn, found a gracious acceptance, and they had the honour to kiss his Majesties hand.
These are to signifie, that many of that University are much injured in the mangling and mis-printing their Verses.
FROM: "An exact accompt, communicating the chief transactions of the three nations, England, Ireland, and Scotland : With the daily votes and resolves in both houses of Parliament." Williams, Oliver, fl. 1657-1670, editor., Redmayne, John, fl. 1659-1688, publisher. [no.101 (15 June - 22 June 1660)] https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo…
Many Royalists who had not made their petitions to Charles II at The Hague for relief, employment, reparations, etc., were doing so now, which must have made "Court attendance infinite tedious." Plus the Ambassadors were there today (see Evelyn note above).
For example:
FROM: “My Lady Castlemaine, Being a Life of Barbara Villiers, Countess of Castlemaine, afterwards Duchess of Cleveland” -- By Philip IV Sergeant, B.J., LONDON: HUTCHINSON & CO, PATERNOSTER R0W 1912 https://archive.org/stream/mylady…
34 MY LADY CASTLEMAINE
Roger Palmer was one of those who besieged Charles II with requests for a reward for services rendered. ... there survives a petition which he made in June 1660 after Charles II's return for the Marshalship of the King's Bench Prison, representing that he had "promoted the Royal cause at the utmost hazard of life and great loss of fortune."
Thanks, MartinVT. Food for thought there. In a time when there was lots of natural forest to cut down in North America, timber was king.
The Elizabethans had clear cut much of the British Isles, so lumber would be king for the Stuarts locally -- but they didn't call it lumber.
I'm trying to imagine a way to transport masts across the Atlantic, which they did as the Baltic deliveries were not guaranteed because of frequent wars and lots of other customers; Massachusetts and Rhode Island had exactly what the Navy needed. Tow them? Strap them to the deck?
As you say, Scube, Pepys has a lot of opinions. Sunday sermons were one community point of mental and moral stimulation. Mr. Mossum must be addressing the issues of the day which are worrying people, and this is keeping Pepys engaged.
As some people are reading the Diary for the first time, I'm not going to share my theory of why Pepys didn't always find church so engaging. My theory is there when they get to it.
Madame Palmer: In “My Lady Castlemaine, Being a Life of Barbara Villiers, Countess of Castlemaine, afterwards Duchess of Cleveland” -- By Philip IV Sergeant, B.J., LONDON: HUTCHINSON & CO, PATERNOSTER R0W 1912 https://archive.org/stream/mylady…
34 MY LADY CASTLEMAINE
Roger Palmer was one of those who besieged Charles II with requests for a reward for services rendered. ... there survives a petition which he made in June 1660 after Charles II's return for the Marshalship of the King's Bench Prison, representing that he had "promoted the Royal cause at the utmost hazard of life and great loss of fortune."
It appears from the Domestic State Papers of Charles II that it was not until November 1661 that the warrant was made out for a grant to Roger Palmer of the reversion of this coveted office after Sir John Lenthall; and by that time much had happened to make the King inclined to be generous to him.
If Roger Palmer had to wait for the royal recognition of his services, in the meanwhile he had a position of some credit. In the Parliament which met for the first time on April 25, 1660 and played its part in welcoming Charles II back to England, he was the representative for New Windsor.
Roger Palmer MP took a house, at what date is not known, in King's Street, Westminster, described by Pepys as the "house which was Whally's"; that is to say, it was formerly occupied by Major-Gen. Edward Whalley the regicide, who had fled to America at the Restoration.
Here Roger Palmer MP resided in the early days of the Restoration summer with his wife, within easy reach of the Palace at Whitehall; "My Lord's lodgings" (as Pepys calls Adm. Sir Edward Montagu's town house in King's Street) were next door to the Palmers', giving access to the Privy Garden of the Palace.
It was strange, even at first, that Roger Palmer should have been ignorant of his wife's familiarity with Charles II, if it commenced at the end of May 1660; but such seems to have been the case.
BARBARA'S MARRIAGE 35
The earliest contemporary indication of a scandal is to be found in Pepys, writing on July 13, 1660. The diarist had gone to Adm. Montagu’s house on business.
"Late writing letters," he says; "and great doings of music at the next house, which was Whally's; the King and Dukes there with Madame Palmer, a pretty woman that they have taken a fancy to, to make her husband a cuckold. Here at the old door that did go into his lodgings, my Lord, I, and W. Howe, did stand listening a great while to the music."
@@@
I wonder what Roger Palmer did for Charles II during the interregnum that "promoted the Royal cause at the utmost hazard of life and great loss of fortune"?
By 1661 I think Palmer's rewards were for other 'sacrifices'. But I am getting ahead in the Diary. Sorry.
"After sermon to my Lord. Mr. Edward and I into Gray’s Inn walks ..."
For those of you not familiar with London, My Lord is currently staying at Lincoln's Inn Fields, which is right around the corner from Grey's Inn and the Middle Temple. Well worth a visit and a wander around when you are next in town.
Turns out I assumed correctly. Over time there were several organs in more than one location at Whitehall. In 1660 the first was in the Chapel. More information about the organ at Whitehall Chapel can be found at https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
The Chapel Royal of St. Peter ad Vincula today houses an organ which was completed in the reign of William III (1689-1702) but had been commissioned by Charles II (1660-85) for Whitehall Palace by Bernhardt Schmidt. It was moved to the Tower in 1890, from the Banqueting House in Whitehall.
When Pepys says, "This day the organs did begin to play at White Hall before the King." -- Sunday, 17 June, 1660 -- I assumed it was in the Whitehall Chapel where Charles II regularly attended services, not the Banqueting House. Perhaps the answer is that in time there were more than one organ at Whitehall -- or that it was portable.
During the English Commonwealth, organs were removed from both College and Parish Churches; the instruments were sold, hidden or partially and totally destroyed. An ordinace dated 9 May, 1644, prohibited music in divine worship except for the singing of psalms and stipulated "that all Organs the frames and cases wherin they stand in all Churches and Chappels aforesaid shall be taken away and utterly defaced."
With the Restoration enthusiasm for organs "revived in a bewildering burst" and it became a matter of prestige to dignify sanctuaries, meeting places and even homes with them.
One organ built in 1637 and initially housed in Magdelen College, Oxford, escaped the 1644 ordinace and was moved to Hampton Court Palace by order of Oliver Cromwell sometime between 1654 and 1660. According to tradition John Milton played on this organ.
One organ built in 1637 and initially housed in Magdelen College, Oxford, escaped the 1644 ordinace and was moved to Hampton Court Palace by order of Oliver Cromwell sometime between 1654 and 1660. According to tradition Milton played on this organ.
As one early biographer, John Aubrey, recorded, "Milton had an early organ in his house, he played on that most". It is know that Milton took his organ from house to house.
John Milton, (born December 9, 1608, London, England — died November 8?, 1674, London?), English poet, pamphleteer, and historian, considered the most significant English author after William Shakespeare.
Milton is best known for "Paradise Lost", widely regarded as the greatest epic poem in English. Together with "Paradise Regained" and "Samson Agonistes", it confirms Milton’s reputation as one of the greatest English poets.
In his prose works, Milton advocated the abolition of the Church of England and the execution of King Charles. From the beginning of the English Civil Wars in 1642 to long after the restoration of Charles II in 1660, he espoused in all his works a political philosophy that opposed tyranny and state-sanctioned religion.
His influence extended not only through the civil wars and interregnum but also to the American and French revolutions. In his works on theology, he valued liberty of conscience, the paramount importance of Scripture as a guide in matters of faith, and religious toleration toward dissidents.
As a civil servant, Milton became the voice of the English Commonwealth after 1649 through his handling of its international correspondence and his defense of the government against polemical attacks from abroad.
"The Admiralty got moved to a new place? Where was it before? Is this when it moved to the spot on the western side of Whitehall between Charing Cross and Horse Guards, where I find it on my 1790s map?"
In the 17th century people generally had their offices in their homes. James, Duke of York, became the Lord High Admiral, so the Admiralty Office moved to Whitehall.
Before it was whereever the holder of the office lived or wanted it to be.
By the 18th century things had become too big and complicated for this casual approach, so they set up Admiralty Offices. Sorry -- I don't know where they were in 1790.
Bill must be correct, as "Sir Thomas Fanshawe of Jenkins and Barking Manor (bpt 15 September 1580 - 17 December 1631)" had been dead for quite a while.
@@@
Thomas, 2nd Viscount Fanshawe was one of the many pennyless Royalists. He had been married to a wealthy heiress, who is known as The Wicked Lady Fanshawe, and is reputed to have been a highwaywoman during the late 1650's.
According to a family history written by Herbert Fanshawe in 1927 which draws heavily on Lady Anne Harrison Fanshawe's memoirs:
Katherine Fanshawe, Lady Ferrers died at the age of 26 in June, 1660, immediately after Lady Anne Harrison Fanshawe had been with her at her lodging in the Strand on the occasion of the celebration of the return of Charles II to his capital on 29 May, 1660.
Katherine Fanshawe, Lady Ferrers' husband, Thomas Fanshawe Jr. was imprisoned by Cromwell in 1659 following the Booth Uprising in the North and not released until February 1660.
Legend says Katherine Fanshawe, Lady Ferrers was shot and died from loss of blood at Markyate Cell [a house they had sold 3 years earlier]. Possibly not. Possibly she died from a miscarriage. http://www.johnbarber.com/wickedl…
Katherine Fanshawe, Lady Ferrers' entry in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biographies makes it clear that Thomas lost his own fortune by being a Royalist, amongst other things. https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10… -- you need a subscription. It also tells us:
Thomas Fanshawe was knighted on 23 April 1661; he succeeded his father as 2nd Viscount Fanshawe on 26 March 1665, he remarried on 2 April, 1665, Sarah, daughter of Sir John Evelyn and widow of Sir John Wray.
Thomas, 2nd Viscount Fanshawe sold Ware Park to Sir Thomas Byde in 1668.
The legend of Catherine Fanshawe, Lady Ferrers continues to flourish despite its flaws and despite the existence of alternative candidates for the role of 'wicked lady' — such as Martha Coppin (bap. 1640, d. 1681), whose family bought Markyate Manor in 1657.
Numerous books on haunted Britain tell stories of Catherine's ghost accosting workmen, swinging from the branch of an old tree, disrupting village fêtes, and haunting and setting fire to her former home.
Pepys consistently refers to Sandwich's "man of business" as Mr. Moore. We know his first name was Henry.
L&M Companion says Mr. Moore was in Montagu's service from at least 1657. After the Restoration he took over Pepys' responsibilities in the Sandwich household. He lived mainly at the Wardrobe and seems to have had responsibilities there as well. He was reputed 'very honest' but too slow. When Sandwich was in Spain they corresponded frequently. At one time Moore had chambers at Gray's Inn, but does not appear to have been a member of that or any other Inn during Diary years. He was intelligent and well-informed and Pepys enjoyed their conversations and trusted his legal judgement.
Pepys called him Mr. Moore more than 285 times in the Diary. That was respectful.
If further examples are needed of the use of Mr. during the 1660's, look at a House of Commons vote. All the MPs are referred to as Mr. unless they have been knighted or are Lords for some reason.
Respect was a big deal in those days. Civilization is all about taming the wild beast known as a homo sapiens, and knowing your place in the hierarchy was part of it.
Pepys, as a man on the rise, frequently was uncomfortable with drawing the respect line. I'm thinking about his hat-on-or-off quandry -- his discomfort at owning a coach -- and when he got one, whether it was too fine -- his efforts to dress appropriately for church and Court -- and his discomfort with having servants, and where they all sat in church.
The 17th century was a judgmental time. It was easy to get on the wrong side of the gossip and rumor mill. As the son of a tailor and the husband of woman with a French name and background, he knew he was vulnerable. As such, he would be scrupulous about how he treated others so as not to draw unnecessary attention to himself.
Comments
Third Reading
About Tuesday 19 June 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
"... masts made by joining several lengths of timber together were called made-masts. Made-masts were actually stronger than pole-masts."
I would never have guessed that, MartinVT. And it certainly solves the challenge of moving huge and heavy lengths of solid oak between continents.
Thanks!
About Treasurer of the Navy
San Diego Sarah • Link
OOOPS ... that should be July 1660 of course, not 1667! Sorry.
About Treasurer of the Navy
San Diego Sarah • Link
Sir George Carteret MP's Parliamentary bio says that he does not become the Treasurer of the Navy until July, 1667.
https://www.historyofparliamenton…
Therefore Pepys' early transactions on behalf of Adm. Edward Montagu were with Richard Hutchinson MP (Parliamentary 1651–1660)
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
About Thursday 14 June 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
Two weeks have elapsed since Charles II returned to London. The new Ambassadors are arriving, and already secret neetings are being held.
Chancellor Edward Hyde has established himself temporarily at Worcester House, so events there escape the Court's prying eyes.
Back in 1644, King Joao IV of Portugal, in an effort to reinforce his standing, had sent his ambassador to England to negotiate a marriage between King Charles’ eldest son, Charles the Prince of Wales, and his daughter, the Infanta Catherine. Because of the Civil Wars, the negotiations were never carried out.
Exhausted with fighting the Spaniards, King Joao died in 1656 leaving his remarkable wife, Luisa de Guzman, as regent for young King Afonso.
Queen Regent Luisa continued the fight against the dominance of Spain and enhanced Portugal’s independence through military and commercial endeavors.
Luisa soon started negotiating Catherine’s hand in marriage. At first she contemplated a marriage with Louis XIV. When that didn’t materialize, in 1660 she turned to England.
A secret meeting was set up with her ambassador and Charles II. The Portuguese offered Tangier which could be used as a base for trade in the Mediterranean, Bombay, a gateway for trade with India, free trade with Brazil and the East Indies and an enormous amount of cash, £300,000.
After a year of negotiations and overcoming his doubts about marrying a Catholic princess, Charles II announced he would marry Catherine of Braganza before Parliament on May 8, 1661. [A YEAR MEANS PRELIMINARY NEGOTIATIONS BEGAN ABOUT NOW,]
(FROM https://thefreelancehistorywriter… }
As soon as the Restoration seemed probable, the Portuguese ambassador Dom Francisco de Mello sounded out Gen. Monck as to the prospects of renewing the old project of marrying the restored Charles II to the Infanta Catherine of Braganza.
(ib. xvii. 221; EACHARD, History of England, p. 81; KENNET, Register and Chronicle, p. 394).
Charles II's return on May 29, 1660 was quickly followed by a formal proposal of the alliance. The terms offered were tempting: Tangiers, to command the mouth of the Mediterranean; Bombay, with full trading privileges in the Indies; religious and commercial freedom for English subjects in Portugal, and the vast portion of 2,000,000 of crusados (about 300,000/.) Protection from Spain and Holland, full yet defined liberty of Catholic worship for the Infanta Catherine, were trifling concessions for such great advantages.
In a secret council at Clarendon's house, Charles II expressed his willingness to proceed with the matter.
in the autumn the Portuguese ambassador Dom Francisco de Mello, confident of a successful conclusion, returned to Portugal to get further instructions.
(FROM https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Ca… )
Luisa de Guzman https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
About Thursday 14 June 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
At Court today, more supplicants for Charles II's bounty:
A more perfect account of the Address of the University of Oxford to his Majesty, on Friday June 14. [SIC]
THe Vice chancellor, Doctors, Proctors and Masters above the number of 120, all in their formalities came from Darby House, accompanied by the Earl of Southampton (by reason of the indisposition of their Chancellor the Lord Marquess of Hertford) to Whitehall, where the Vice-chancellor humbly saluted his Majesty with a Speech, and presenting a book of Verses upon his happy Re∣turn, found a gracious acceptance, and they had the honour to kiss his Majesties hand.
These are to signifie, that many of that University are much injured in the mangling and mis-printing their Verses.
FROM: "An exact accompt, communicating the chief transactions of the three nations, England, Ireland, and Scotland : With the daily votes and resolves in both houses of Parliament."
Williams, Oliver, fl. 1657-1670, editor., Redmayne, John, fl. 1659-1688, publisher.
[no.101 (15 June - 22 June 1660)]
https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo…
About Harvey's
San Diego Sarah • Link
Harvey’s near Salisbury Court -- L&M knows nothing about this establishment.
About Saturday 16 June 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
Many Royalists who had not made their petitions to Charles II at The Hague for relief, employment, reparations, etc., were doing so now, which must have made "Court attendance infinite tedious." Plus the Ambassadors were there today (see Evelyn note above).
For example:
FROM: “My Lady Castlemaine, Being a Life of Barbara Villiers, Countess of Castlemaine, afterwards Duchess of Cleveland” -- By Philip IV Sergeant, B.J.,
LONDON: HUTCHINSON & CO, PATERNOSTER R0W
1912
https://archive.org/stream/mylady…
34 MY LADY CASTLEMAINE
Roger Palmer was one of those who besieged Charles II with requests for a reward for services rendered. ... there survives a petition which he made in June 1660 after Charles II's return for the Marshalship of the King's Bench Prison, representing that he had "promoted the Royal cause at the utmost hazard of life and great loss of fortune."
For more about what was going on at Court in general, see https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
About Tuesday 19 June 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
Thanks, MartinVT. Food for thought there. In a time when there was lots of natural forest to cut down in North America, timber was king.
The Elizabethans had clear cut much of the British Isles, so lumber would be king for the Stuarts locally -- but they didn't call it lumber.
I'm trying to imagine a way to transport masts across the Atlantic, which they did as the Baltic deliveries were not guaranteed because of frequent wars and lots of other customers; Massachusetts and Rhode Island had exactly what the Navy needed. Tow them? Strap them to the deck?
About Sunday 17 June 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
As you say, Scube, Pepys has a lot of opinions. Sunday sermons were one community point of mental and moral stimulation. Mr. Mossum must be addressing the issues of the day which are worrying people, and this is keeping Pepys engaged.
As some people are reading the Diary for the first time, I'm not going to share my theory of why Pepys didn't always find church so engaging. My theory is there when they get to it.
About Friday 13 July 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
Madame Palmer: In “My Lady Castlemaine, Being a Life of Barbara Villiers, Countess of Castlemaine, afterwards Duchess of Cleveland” -- By Philip IV Sergeant, B.J.,
LONDON: HUTCHINSON & CO, PATERNOSTER R0W
1912
https://archive.org/stream/mylady…
34 MY LADY CASTLEMAINE
Roger Palmer was one of those who besieged Charles II with requests for a reward for services rendered. ... there survives a petition which he made in June 1660 after Charles II's return for the Marshalship of the King's Bench Prison, representing that he had "promoted the Royal cause at the utmost hazard of life and great loss of fortune."
It appears from the Domestic State Papers of Charles II that it was not until November 1661 that the warrant was made out for a grant to Roger Palmer of the reversion of this coveted office after Sir John Lenthall; and by that time much had happened to make the King inclined to be generous to him.
If Roger Palmer had to wait for the royal recognition of his services, in the meanwhile he had a position of some credit. In the Parliament which met for the first time on April 25, 1660 and played its part in welcoming Charles II back to England, he was the representative for New Windsor.
Roger Palmer MP took a house, at what date is not known, in King's Street, Westminster, described by Pepys as the "house which was Whally's"; that is to say, it was formerly occupied by Major-Gen. Edward Whalley the regicide, who had fled to America at the Restoration.
Here Roger Palmer MP resided in the early days of the Restoration summer with his wife, within easy reach of the Palace at Whitehall; "My Lord's lodgings" (as Pepys calls Adm. Sir Edward Montagu's town house in King's Street) were next door to the Palmers', giving access to the Privy Garden of the Palace.
It was strange, even at first, that Roger Palmer should have been ignorant of his wife's familiarity with Charles II, if it commenced at the end of May 1660; but such seems to have been the case.
BARBARA'S MARRIAGE 35
The earliest contemporary indication of a scandal is to be found in Pepys, writing on July 13, 1660. The diarist had gone to Adm. Montagu’s house on business.
"Late writing letters," he says; "and great doings of music at the next house, which was Whally's; the King and Dukes there with Madame Palmer, a pretty woman that they have taken a fancy to, to make her husband a cuckold. Here at the old door that did go into his lodgings, my Lord, I, and W. Howe, did stand listening a great while to the music."
@@@
I wonder what Roger Palmer did for Charles II during the interregnum that "promoted the Royal cause at the utmost hazard of life and great loss of fortune"?
By 1661 I think Palmer's rewards were for other 'sacrifices'. But I am getting ahead in the Diary. Sorry.
About Sunday 17 June 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
"After sermon to my Lord. Mr. Edward and I into Gray’s Inn walks ..."
For those of you not familiar with London, My Lord is currently staying at Lincoln's Inn Fields, which is right around the corner from Grey's Inn and the Middle Temple. Well worth a visit and a wander around when you are next in town.
About Organ
San Diego Sarah • Link
Turns out I assumed correctly. Over time there were several organs in more than one location at Whitehall. In 1660 the first was in the Chapel.
More information about the organ at Whitehall Chapel can be found at
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
About Whitehall Chapel
San Diego Sarah • Link
More information about the organ at Whitehall Chapel at
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
About Organ
San Diego Sarah • Link
The Chapel Royal of St. Peter ad Vincula today houses an organ which was completed in the reign of William III (1689-1702) but had been commissioned by Charles II (1660-85) for Whitehall Palace by Bernhardt Schmidt.
It was moved to the Tower in 1890, from the Banqueting House in Whitehall.
A picture of a lovely carving on the organ case depicting cherubs' faces can be seen at https://www.bridgemanimages.com/e…
When Pepys says, "This day the organs did begin to play at White Hall before the King." -- Sunday, 17 June, 1660 -- I assumed it was in the Whitehall Chapel where Charles II regularly attended services, not the Banqueting House.
Perhaps the answer is that in time there were more than one organ at Whitehall -- or that it was portable.
About Organ
San Diego Sarah • Link
During the English Commonwealth, organs were removed from both College and Parish Churches; the instruments were sold, hidden or partially and totally destroyed. An ordinace dated 9 May, 1644, prohibited music in divine worship except for the singing of psalms and stipulated "that all Organs the frames and cases wherin they stand in all Churches and Chappels aforesaid shall be taken away and utterly defaced."
With the Restoration enthusiasm for organs "revived in a bewildering burst" and it became a matter of prestige to dignify sanctuaries, meeting places and even homes with them.
One organ built in 1637 and initially housed in Magdelen College, Oxford, escaped the 1644 ordinace and was moved to Hampton Court Palace by order of Oliver Cromwell sometime between 1654 and 1660. According to tradition John Milton played on this organ.
FROM: https://www.artwarefineart.com/ga…
About Hampton Court Palace
San Diego Sarah • Link
One organ built in 1637 and initially housed in Magdelen College, Oxford, escaped the 1644 ordinace and was moved to Hampton Court Palace by order of Oliver Cromwell sometime between 1654 and 1660. According to tradition Milton played on this organ.
As one early biographer, John Aubrey, recorded, "Milton had an early organ in his house, he played on that most". It is know that Milton took his organ from house to house.
John Milton, (born December 9, 1608, London, England — died November 8?, 1674, London?), English poet, pamphleteer, and historian, considered the most significant English author after William Shakespeare.
Milton is best known for "Paradise Lost", widely regarded as the greatest epic poem in English. Together with "Paradise Regained" and "Samson Agonistes", it confirms Milton’s reputation as one of the greatest English poets.
In his prose works, Milton advocated the abolition of the Church of England and the execution of King Charles. From the beginning of the English Civil Wars in 1642 to long after the restoration of Charles II in 1660, he espoused in all his works a political philosophy that opposed tyranny and state-sanctioned religion.
His influence extended not only through the civil wars and interregnum but also to the American and French revolutions. In his works on theology, he valued liberty of conscience, the paramount importance of Scripture as a guide in matters of faith, and religious toleration toward dissidents.
As a civil servant, Milton became the voice of the English Commonwealth after 1649 through his handling of its international correspondence and his defense of the government against polemical attacks from abroad.
FROM: https://www.artwarefineart.com/ga…
About Wednesday 13 June 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
"The Admiralty got moved to a new place? Where was it before? Is this when it moved to the spot on the western side of Whitehall between Charing Cross and Horse Guards, where I find it on my 1790s map?"
In the 17th century people generally had their offices in their homes. James, Duke of York, became the Lord High Admiral, so the Admiralty Office moved to Whitehall.
Before it was whereever the holder of the office lived or wanted it to be.
By the 18th century things had become too big and complicated for this casual approach, so they set up Admiralty Offices. Sorry -- I don't know where they were in 1790.
About Thomas Fanshawe (2nd Viscount Fanshawe)
San Diego Sarah • Link
Bill must be correct, as "Sir Thomas Fanshawe of Jenkins and Barking Manor (bpt 15 September 1580 - 17 December 1631)" had been dead for quite a while.
@@@
Thomas, 2nd Viscount Fanshawe was one of the many pennyless Royalists. He had been married to a wealthy heiress, who is known as The Wicked Lady Fanshawe, and is reputed to have been a highwaywoman during the late 1650's.
According to a family history written by Herbert Fanshawe in 1927 which draws heavily on Lady Anne Harrison Fanshawe's memoirs:
Katherine Fanshawe, Lady Ferrers died at the age of 26 in June, 1660, immediately after Lady Anne Harrison Fanshawe had been with her at her lodging in the Strand on the occasion of the celebration of the return of Charles II to his capital on 29 May, 1660.
Katherine Fanshawe, Lady Ferrers' husband, Thomas Fanshawe Jr. was imprisoned by Cromwell in 1659 following the Booth Uprising in the North and not released until February 1660.
Legend says Katherine Fanshawe, Lady Ferrers was shot and died from loss of blood at Markyate Cell [a house they had sold 3 years earlier]. Possibly not. Possibly she died from a miscarriage.
http://www.johnbarber.com/wickedl…
Katherine Fanshawe, Lady Ferrers' entry in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biographies makes it clear that Thomas lost his own fortune by being a Royalist, amongst other things.
https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10… -- you need a subscription. It also tells us:
Thomas Fanshawe was knighted on 23 April 1661;
he succeeded his father as 2nd Viscount Fanshawe on 26 March 1665,
he remarried on 2 April, 1665, Sarah, daughter of Sir John Evelyn and widow of Sir John Wray.
Thomas, 2nd Viscount Fanshawe sold Ware Park to Sir Thomas Byde in 1668.
The legend of Catherine Fanshawe, Lady Ferrers continues to flourish despite its flaws and despite the existence of alternative candidates for the role of 'wicked lady' — such as Martha Coppin (bap. 1640, d. 1681), whose family bought Markyate Manor in 1657.
Numerous books on haunted Britain tell stories of Catherine's ghost accosting workmen, swinging from the branch of an old tree, disrupting village fêtes, and haunting and setting fire to her former home.
About Henry Moore
San Diego Sarah • Link
Seems unlikely, mark francis -- but not impossible. A son or nephew more likely, if a family member.
About Monday 12 November 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
Pepys consistently refers to Sandwich's "man of business" as Mr. Moore. We know his first name was Henry.
L&M Companion says Mr. Moore was in Montagu's service from at least 1657. After the Restoration he took over Pepys' responsibilities in the Sandwich household. He lived mainly at the Wardrobe and seems to have had responsibilities there as well. He was reputed 'very honest' but too slow. When Sandwich was in Spain they corresponded frequently. At one time Moore had chambers at Gray's Inn, but does not appear to have been a member of that or any other Inn during Diary years. He was intelligent and well-informed and Pepys enjoyed their conversations and trusted his legal judgement.
Pepys called him Mr. Moore more than 285 times in the Diary. That was respectful.
If further examples are needed of the use of Mr. during the 1660's, look at a House of Commons vote. All the MPs are referred to as Mr. unless they have been knighted or are Lords for some reason.
Respect was a big deal in those days. Civilization is all about taming the wild beast known as a homo sapiens, and knowing your place in the hierarchy was part of it.
Pepys, as a man on the rise, frequently was uncomfortable with drawing the respect line. I'm thinking about his hat-on-or-off quandry -- his discomfort at owning a coach -- and when he got one, whether it was too fine -- his efforts to dress appropriately for church and Court -- and his discomfort with having servants, and where they all sat in church.
The 17th century was a judgmental time. It was easy to get on the wrong side of the gossip and rumor mill. As the son of a tailor and the husband of woman with a French name and background, he knew he was vulnerable. As such, he would be scrupulous about how he treated others so as not to draw unnecessary attention to himself.