Agreed, Louis. Lady Elizabeth Turner Woodstocke Batten was born in 1625, so she is now 35-ish and presumably "safe". Her shopping trips with Elizabeth seem to be expensive, but she has extended herself in friendship. Plus as I recall, Pepys doesn't like her, all of which might cause him to over spend/over compensate.
Stephane, Madeira was left to to Catherine by her father, and according to one of my specialists a few years ago was also ALMOST included as part of Catherine's dowry. I guess that conversation was also going on now: https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
In the 16th and 17th century leather was dyed using vegetable dye, according to a Halifax, Nova Scotia expert who was excited to see the remains of what he guessed to be an officer's boot dug out of the swamp on Oak Island: https://play.history.com/shows/th…
Now I'm wondering if the officer was forced to walk, one booted, back to his ship -- and possibly be one booted for his entire trip home! That would have caused much mirth, I imagine. Hopefully he had packed a second pair.
"What kind of caps? For whom?" "I had the same question as Martin!"
Gents -- since Pepys hasn't told us, how can anyone guess? Read on -- maybe you curiosity will be answered in the days to come.
In general, 17th century houses were drafty and cold. Wearing a cap all the time makes sense. They didn't have any "rules" about not wearing caps in the house. Look at the paintings -- hats of all sizes and shapes for everyone.
One of the on-going challenges 21st century people have reading the Diary is figuring out what the date is that Pepys was experiencing. The problem is partly caused by Pepys living during the change from New Year being on Lady Day or January 1, and partly from Britain's Protestant refusal to abide by the Pope's decision to skip 10 days a century before. Anchoring the time of Easter in the correct part of the Christian year was the Pope's motivation -- here's the story:
The phrase “time doesn’t exist; clocks exist” is an example of time as a construct: The most famous example occurred in 1582, when the day after October 4 was October 15. This changed occurred when the Gregorian calendar replaced the Julian calendar by the order of Pope Gregory XIII. Under the Julian calendar, a solar year was measured as 365.25 days — a tiny overestimate that, over the 1,600 years it was used throughout the Christian world, led to a discrepancy of several days.
As far as the Catholic Church was concerned, this was a problem not only for accuracy’s sake but also because it led to confusion over when Easter should be celebrated. The Council of Nicaea decreed in 325 CE that the holiday should be observed on the first Sunday after the first full moon following the vernal equinox, but calendar drift created a discrepancy between when the equinox took place and when the calendar said it did. Hence the jump in dates. The decision to reform the calendar came during the Council of Trent, a conference held by Catholic clergy between 1562 and 1563 in response to the Reformation. Pope Gregory chose October as the time to “lose” 10 days because there were no major Christian holidays during that period. https://historyfacts.com/world-hi…
Thomas -- that's another great link that belongs in the Encyclopedia section since it doesn't add to today's specific conversation. When you see a word in blue, click through to find out additional general info like this.
This 21st century map shows the islands that protect the entrance to the port of Amsterdam, which includes Vlieland, Texel and are collectively known as the West Frisian Islands. Move the map south, and you can see how the tiny country of the Netherlands is interconnected.
This 21st century map shows the islands that protect the entrance to the port of Amsterdam, which includes Vlieland, Texel and are collectively known as the West Frisian Islands. https://mapcarta.com/West_Frisian…
This 21st century map shows the islands that protect the entrance to the port of Amsterdam, which includes Vlieland, Texel and are collectively known as the West Frisian Islands. Move the map south, and you can see how the tiny country of the Netherlands is interconnected.
This 21st century map shows the islands that protect the entrance to the port of Amsterdam, which includes Vlieland, Texel and are collectively known as the West Frisian Islands. Move the map south, and you can see how the tiny country of the Netherlands is interconnected.
Middelburg is on the coast, half way between Ostend and the Hook of Holland. Zeeland was one of the 7 States making up the independent Protestant United Providences of the Dutch Republic. https://mapcarta.com/West_Frisian…
This 21st century map shows the islands that protect the entrance to the port of Amsterdam, which includes Vlieland, Texel and are collectively known as the West Frisian Islands. Move the map south, and you can see how the tiny country of the Netherlands is interconnected.
Draw a mental line between Rotterdam and Antwerp, and Breda is slightly east at the center, within the Dutch Republic in the Stuart brothers' exile days. https://mapcarta.com/West_Frisian…
This 21st century map shows the islands that protect the entrance to the port of Amsterdam, which includes Vlieland, Texel and are collectively known as the West Frisian Islands. Move the map south, and you can see how the tiny country of the Netherlands is interconnected.
Scheveningen is still the harbor for The Hague, although it doesn't appear on this map. It retains its name and is a vibrant part of the local economy. https://www.denhaag.nl/en/getting…
This 21st century map shows the islands that protect the entrance to the port of Amsterdam, which includes Vlieland, Texel and are collectively known as the West Frisian Islands. Move the map south, and you can see how the tiny country of the Netherlands is interconnected.
Scheveningen is still the harbor for The Hague, although it doesn't appear on this map. It retains its name and is a vibrant part of the local economy. https://www.denhaag.nl/en/getting…
'The Vlie or Vliestroom is the seaway between the Dutch islands of Vlieland, to its southwest, and Terschelling, to its northeast.
'The Vlie was the estuary of the river IJssel in medieval times.
'In 1666 the English Adm. Robert Holmes burnt a Dutch merchant fleet of 130 ships (Holmes's Bonfire), that had taken refuge in the Vlie, mistakenly supposing the English could never find their way through the treacherous shoals along its coastline.
'Today it's still possible to reach the port of Harlingen by way of the Vlie.
'It is often supposed that the old Roman name for the lake that later would become the Zuiderzee: Lacus Flevo, is etymologically related to the name "Vlie" and that perhaps Vlie was once the name of the entire lake and the big river that flowed out of it.
'In the 13th century large floods widened the estuary and destroyed much of the peat land behind, creating a continuous area of sand and mudflats connecting the sea to the enlarged inland lake and obscuring the flow of the river. When the Afsluitdijk was created, the old streambed from the river to the sea was obstructed.' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vli…
This 21st century map shows the islands that protect the entrance to the port of Amsterdam, which includes Vlieland, Texel and are collectively known as the West Frisian Islands. Move the map south, and you can see how the tiny country of the Netherlands is interconnected.
In Dutch, 'Ter' usually indicates a place, like 'at the'. It's a combination of an old preposition (te) and an old article (der). * ter plaatse = at the place * ter wereld = in the world. Terschelling is the general area on the mainland of the Netherlands east of the West Frisian Islands.
Our Encyclopedia map for Friesland shows it as being on the mainland, but I can't find any location today on this 21st century map called Friesland.
It does show the islands that protect the entrance to the port of Amsterdam, which includes Vlieland, Texel and are collectively known as the West Frisian Islands. Tershelling is directly east of them. Move the map south, and you can see how the tiny country of the Netherlands is interconnected.
In Dutch, 'Ter' usually indicates a place, like 'at the'. It's a combination of an old preposition (te) and an old article (der). * ter plaatse = at the place * ter wereld = in the world. Terschelling is the general area on the mainland of the Netherlands.
This 21st century map shows the islands that protect the entrance to the port of Amsterdam, which includes Vlieland, Texel and are collectively known as the West Frisian Islands. Tershelling is directly east of them. Move the map south, and you can see how the tiny country of the Netherlands is interconnected.
cgs' 17th century map shows "Schelling" as being on the mainland.
In Dutch, 'Ter' usually indicates a place, like 'at the'. It's a combination of an old preposition (te) and an old article (der). * ter plaatse = at the place * ter wereld = in the world.
This 21st century map shows the islands that protect the entrance to the port of Amsterdam, which includes Vlieland. Move it south, and you can see how the tiny country of the Netherlands is interconnected.
This map shows the islands that protect the entrance to the port of Amsterdam, which includes Texel. Move it south, and you can see how the tiny country of the Netherlands is interconnected.
Comments
Third Reading
About Friday 22 February 1660/61
San Diego Sarah • Link
Agreed, Louis. Lady Elizabeth Turner Woodstocke Batten was born in 1625, so she is now 35-ish and presumably "safe". Her shopping trips with Elizabeth seem to be expensive, but she has extended herself in friendship. Plus as I recall, Pepys doesn't like her, all of which might cause him to over spend/over compensate.
About Tuesday 19 February 1660/61
San Diego Sarah • Link
Stephane, Madeira was left to to Catherine by her father, and according to one of my specialists a few years ago was also ALMOST included as part of Catherine's dowry. I guess that conversation was also going on now:
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
About Company of Leathersellers
San Diego Sarah • Link
In the 16th and 17th century leather was dyed using vegetable dye, according to a Halifax, Nova Scotia expert who was excited to see the remains of what he guessed to be an officer's boot dug out of the swamp on Oak Island:
https://play.history.com/shows/th…
Now I'm wondering if the officer was forced to walk, one booted, back to his ship -- and possibly be one booted for his entire trip home! That would have caused much mirth, I imagine. Hopefully he had packed a second pair.
About Thursday 21 February 1660/61
San Diego Sarah • Link
"What kind of caps? For whom?" "I had the same question as Martin!"
Gents -- since Pepys hasn't told us, how can anyone guess? Read on -- maybe you curiosity will be answered in the days to come.
In general, 17th century houses were drafty and cold. Wearing a cap all the time makes sense. They didn't have any "rules" about not wearing caps in the house. Look at the paintings -- hats of all sizes and shapes for everyone.
About Tuesday 19 February 1660/61
San Diego Sarah • Link
That's what I was thinking, Nigel Pond. Clever satirists from from Oxbridge have enriched our lives for decades.
About Easter
San Diego Sarah • Link
One of the on-going challenges 21st century people have reading the Diary is figuring out what the date is that Pepys was experiencing. The problem is partly caused by Pepys living during the change from New Year being on Lady Day or January 1, and partly from Britain's Protestant refusal to abide by the Pope's decision to skip 10 days a century before. Anchoring the time of Easter in the correct part of the Christian year was the Pope's motivation -- here's the story:
The phrase “time doesn’t exist; clocks exist” is an example of time as a construct: The most famous example occurred in 1582, when the day after October 4 was October 15.
This changed occurred when the Gregorian calendar replaced the Julian calendar by the order of Pope Gregory XIII.
Under the Julian calendar, a solar year was measured as 365.25 days — a tiny overestimate that, over the 1,600 years it was used throughout the Christian world, led to a discrepancy of several days.
As far as the Catholic Church was concerned, this was a problem not only for accuracy’s sake but also because it led to confusion over when Easter should be celebrated.
The Council of Nicaea decreed in 325 CE that the holiday should be observed on the first Sunday after the first full moon following the vernal equinox, but calendar drift created a discrepancy between when the equinox took place and when the calendar said it did. Hence the jump in dates.
The decision to reform the calendar came during the Council of Trent, a conference held by Catholic clergy between 1562 and 1563 in response to the Reformation.
Pope Gregory chose October as the time to “lose” 10 days because there were no major Christian holidays during that period.
https://historyfacts.com/world-hi…
About Sunday 4 June 1665
San Diego Sarah • Link
Thomas -- that's another great link that belongs in the Encyclopedia section since it doesn't add to today's specific conversation. When you see a word in blue, click through to find out additional general info like this.
About Delft, Netherlands
San Diego Sarah • Link
This 21st century map shows the islands that protect the entrance to the port of Amsterdam, which includes Vlieland, Texel and are collectively known as the West Frisian Islands. Move the map south, and you can see how the tiny country of the Netherlands is interconnected.
Delft is just south of The Hague, close to the coast.
https://mapcarta.com/West_Frisian…
About Amsterdam, Netherlands
San Diego Sarah • Link
This 21st century map shows the islands that protect the entrance to the port of Amsterdam, which includes Vlieland, Texel and are collectively known as the West Frisian Islands.
https://mapcarta.com/West_Frisian…
About Antwerp, Belgium
San Diego Sarah • Link
This 21st century map shows the islands that protect the entrance to the port of Amsterdam, which includes Vlieland, Texel and are collectively known as the West Frisian Islands. Move the map south, and you can see how the tiny country of the Netherlands is interconnected.
Antwerp is quite a long way south, in the Spanish Netherlands/Flanders.
https://mapcarta.com/West_Frisian…
About Middleburg, Zeeland
San Diego Sarah • Link
This 21st century map shows the islands that protect the entrance to the port of Amsterdam, which includes Vlieland, Texel and are collectively known as the West Frisian Islands. Move the map south, and you can see how the tiny country of the Netherlands is interconnected.
Middelburg is on the coast, half way between Ostend and the Hook of Holland. Zeeland was one of the 7 States making up the independent Protestant United Providences of the Dutch Republic.
https://mapcarta.com/West_Frisian…
About Breda, Netherlands
San Diego Sarah • Link
This 21st century map shows the islands that protect the entrance to the port of Amsterdam, which includes Vlieland, Texel and are collectively known as the West Frisian Islands. Move the map south, and you can see how the tiny country of the Netherlands is interconnected.
Draw a mental line between Rotterdam and Antwerp, and Breda is slightly east at the center, within the Dutch Republic in the Stuart brothers' exile days.
https://mapcarta.com/West_Frisian…
About Scheveningen, Netherlands
San Diego Sarah • Link
This 21st century map shows the islands that protect the entrance to the port of Amsterdam, which includes Vlieland, Texel and are collectively known as the West Frisian Islands. Move the map south, and you can see how the tiny country of the Netherlands is interconnected.
The Hague is on the coast, south of Leiden, east of Gouda, north of Rotterdam and Delft.
https://mapcarta.com/West_Frisian…
Scheveningen is still the harbor for The Hague, although it doesn't appear on this map. It retains its name and is a vibrant part of the local economy.
https://www.denhaag.nl/en/getting…
About The Hague
San Diego Sarah • Link
This 21st century map shows the islands that protect the entrance to the port of Amsterdam, which includes Vlieland, Texel and are collectively known as the West Frisian Islands. Move the map south, and you can see how the tiny country of the Netherlands is interconnected.
The Hague is on the coast, south of Leiden, east of Gouda, north of Rotterdam and Delft.
https://mapcarta.com/West_Frisian…
Scheveningen is still the harbor for The Hague, although it doesn't appear on this map. It retains its name and is a vibrant part of the local economy.
https://www.denhaag.nl/en/getting…
About Terschelling
San Diego Sarah • Link
'The Vlie or Vliestroom is the seaway between the Dutch islands of Vlieland, to its southwest, and Terschelling, to its northeast.
'The Vlie was the estuary of the river IJssel in medieval times.
'In 1666 the English Adm. Robert Holmes burnt a Dutch merchant fleet of 130 ships (Holmes's Bonfire), that had taken refuge in the Vlie, mistakenly supposing the English could never find their way through the treacherous shoals along its coastline.
'Today it's still possible to reach the port of Harlingen by way of the Vlie.
'It is often supposed that the old Roman name for the lake that later would become the Zuiderzee: Lacus Flevo, is etymologically related to the name "Vlie" and that perhaps Vlie was once the name of the entire lake and the big river that flowed out of it.
'In the 13th century large floods widened the estuary and destroyed much of the peat land behind, creating a continuous area of sand and mudflats connecting the sea to the enlarged inland lake and obscuring the flow of the river. When the Afsluitdijk was created, the old streambed from the river to the sea was obstructed.'
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vli…
About Hoorn, Netherlands
San Diego Sarah • Link
This 21st century map shows the islands that protect the entrance to the port of Amsterdam, which includes Vlieland, Texel and are collectively known as the West Frisian Islands. Move the map south, and you can see how the tiny country of the Netherlands is interconnected.
Hoorn is a little northeast of Amsterdam.
https://mapcarta.com/West_Frisian…
About Friesland, Netherlands
San Diego Sarah • Link
In Dutch, 'Ter' usually indicates a place, like 'at the'. It's a combination of an old preposition (te) and an old article (der). * ter plaatse = at the place * ter wereld = in the world. Terschelling is the general area on the mainland of the Netherlands east of the West Frisian Islands.
Our Encyclopedia map for Friesland shows it as being on the mainland, but I can't find any location today on this 21st century map called Friesland.
It does show the islands that protect the entrance to the port of Amsterdam, which includes Vlieland, Texel and are collectively known as the West Frisian Islands. Tershelling is directly east of them. Move the map south, and you can see how the tiny country of the Netherlands is interconnected.
https://mapcarta.com/West_Frisian…
Perhaps someone who knows the area can clarify this for us, please.
About Terschelling
San Diego Sarah • Link
In Dutch, 'Ter' usually indicates a place, like 'at the'. It's a combination of an old preposition (te) and an old article (der). * ter plaatse = at the place * ter wereld = in the world. Terschelling is the general area on the mainland of the Netherlands.
This 21st century map shows the islands that protect the entrance to the port of Amsterdam, which includes Vlieland, Texel and are collectively known as the West Frisian Islands. Tershelling is directly east of them. Move the map south, and you can see how the tiny country of the Netherlands is interconnected.
https://mapcarta.com/West_Frisian…
About The Fly
San Diego Sarah • Link
cgs' 17th century map shows "Schelling" as being on the mainland.
In Dutch, 'Ter' usually indicates a place, like 'at the'. It's a combination of an old preposition (te) and an old article (der). * ter plaatse = at the place * ter wereld = in the world.
This 21st century map shows the islands that protect the entrance to the port of Amsterdam, which includes Vlieland. Move it south, and you can see how the tiny country of the Netherlands is interconnected.
https://mapcarta.com/West_Frisian…
About Texel, Netherlands
San Diego Sarah • Link
This map shows the islands that protect the entrance to the port of Amsterdam, which includes Texel. Move it south, and you can see how the tiny country of the Netherlands is interconnected.
https://mapcarta.com/West_Frisian…