Marie333 "the Opera" is in blue in the text. Click through, and you'll find out the theater was also known as The Duke's House. It was not a type of performance, as Phil C explained.
This ability is handy, or we'll be making the same annotations over and over again, which will kill the flow.
Cape Spartel -- Nestled about 14 kilometers from downtown Tangier, Cape Spartel serves as the meeting point between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Contrary to the common belief, the cape is not the northmost point of Africa (a title that belongs to Ras ben Sakka in Tunisia) but rather the continent’s northwesternmost tip. At 326 meters (1,000 ft) above sea level, the promontory overlooks the Strait of Gibraltar, providing a distant glimpse of Spain’s southern coastline, including Gibraltar’s famous rock. Over the centuries, the nearby waters witnessed countless maritime battles between world powers. Perhaps the most notable of which was the Battle of Cape Spartel, where the British navy engaged in an intense fighting with dozens of French and Spanish vessels as it sought to break the Great Siege of Gibraltar. ... Half a kilometer downhill [FROM THE LIGHTHOUSE] lies the iconic sign that indicates where the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean meet. The wooden mark sits atop a porch from where one can see the imaginary border between the two bodies of water. The cape’s peak, known as Jebel Kebir, is topped by the Borj Spartel tower. ... As you reach the top, you’ll be rewarded with stunning views that stretch to Spain. Located slightly south of Cape Spartel is a string of golden beaches and the mystical Hercules Caves, known for their Africa-shaped natural window as well as their many associated fables. https://explanders.com/africa-mid…
Sandwich is taking on 4 Turkish men-of-war with a Royal Yacht, 2 frigates and The Royal James? Luckily he finds 2 more English frigates in hot pursuit. If the objective was to save the Dutch merchantships, they apparently succeeded. Hr wasn't prepared to capture those Turks.
Where is de Ruyter? He's supposed to be lurking on the other side of the Straits to take care of this kind of harassment.
October 24, Thursday. In the morning by break of day we discerned a fleet of merchantmen Dutch and 4 Turks men of war edged off from them sailing out of the Straits within a league of us, whereupon instantly we slipped one cable and weighed our other anchor and stood after them, viz: The James, Montague, Forester and Martin. As we were in chase we saw the Mary and Hampshire who had been in chase of them all night before. All the while we were off Tangier land we had very little wind but the Turks had a fresh gale off Cape Spartel (2) and before in the calm rowed with 19 oars a side and so got a good way ahead of us. When we came up to Cape Spartel we had a fresh gale of wind and they had less wind and we raised their hulls apace. At the same time the Mary and the Hampshire, that were more into the middle of the gut, had much less wind than we and almost becalmed. When we were all got out to sea we had very little wind, made scarce 2 leagues a watch. The Turks with sailing and rowing by 4 o'clock in the afternoon got to sea out of our sight so we gave over chase and stood into the gut for Tangier again.
(2) MS Spratt
Copied from The Journal of Edward Mountagu, First Earl of Sandwich Admiral and General-at-Sea 1659 - 1665
Edited by RC Anderson Printed for the Navy Records Society MDCCCCXXIX
Section III - Mediterranean 1661/62
@@@
Does anyone know what Sandwich specifically means when he writes about the gut of the Straits. After reading about Cape Spartel (see next annotation), I'm now guessing he means the narrowest mid-point of the Strait where the Med. meets the Atlantic. In rgw past I recall that being called the waist.
A question for the sailors: I understand weighing anchor, but what does he mean by also slipping a cable if a dufferent anchor?
October 21, Monday. I sent the Gift away to Malaga to take the merchants there ready under his convoy and see them as far as the rock of Lisbon and then himself go into Lisbon and take 2 months' provisions from the Consul and sail for this bay again.
Copied from The Journal of Edward Mountagu, First Earl of Sandwich Admiral and General-at-Sea 1659 - 1665
Edited by RC Anderson Printed for the Navy Records Society MDCCCCXXIX
Any locals around? From this I'm guessing the Gift left the merchant ships in the Lisbon Roads, which is marked by a rock, to await word when there was room at the merchants' docks for them to be unloaded. The Gift then sailed up the Targus to the English Consul's dock to take on provisions. But I have no idea is there is any such place as Lisbon Roads.
I'm wondering if the Portuguese had made promises Alfonso IV couldn't afford to keep -- that's a lot of gold to gather to send off with Catherine. They must be depending on treasure ships coming from South America ... ???
A velvet cloak -- in rainy London! Asking for trouble! Why? One answer is L&M note: Francis Osborne, one of Pepys' favourite authors. wrote in 'Advice to a Son' (1658): "Weare your cloths neat, exceeding, rather than comming short of others of like fortune ... spare all other ways rather than prove defective in this."
So it's a status symbol, to give others confidence in doing business with Samuel Pepys Esq., who is so successful he won't need to get his cloak wet.
"Is there any evidence that Sam was regarded as a drunkard by his contemporaries? No, because he held down his job and functioned socially at least as well as his superiors ..." Well said, Sasha,
"Brian Abrams, author of 'Party Like a President: True Tales of Inebriation, Lechery, and Mischief From the Oval Office', says it’s important to remember that consumption habits were generally different during the late 18th century. It was still common at the time to start the day with a small beer (usually around 3 percent ABV). “John Adams would drink a tanker of his cider every morning with his breakfast,” Abrams says.
"Part of that was a coping mechanism for the physical and mental hardships of a rather difficult period in history. “As far as why all these old guys were drinking all the time, people's bodies were riddled with all sorts of incurable diseases,” Abrams says. “Everyone's walking around with whooping cough or typhoid, or they have splinters with tetanus in them, or bullets lodged in their bodies. These were not things that doctors could cure, so people just drank.”' https://www.amazon.com/Party-Like…
Yes, this quote is about another century and from another continent, but the facts remain: They had to tolerate pain and inconvenience unknown to us. I'm glad I live now and have the luxury of not understanding their need for alcoholic relief.
"... and then to Sir W. Batten who is to go to Portsmouth to-morrow to wait upon the Duke of York, who goes to take possession and to set in order the garrison there."
My guess is these are the new Tangier garrison. This would allow the fleet to have a shakedown cruise before loading all the landlubbers.
Why is Adm. Sir John off to the Straits? Could it be related to: "On Saturday night there came in a Newfoundland ship ... He also gave me the first advice that de Ruyter with 14 sail of ships was gone up the Straits, 4 sail having been sent in many days before." https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/… 5 ships can monitor de Ruyter's 18 ships, but that's about it.
I hadn't seen these Treasury petitions before, so I also took a look at September's page and found this:
"Sept. 9. The royal warrant to the Customs Commissioners, read and entered, to cause the four ships called the "Sampson," Hans Royer, master; the "Hector," Andrew Rand, master; the "Agreement," John Rand, master, and the "Lewis," Anthony Maynard, master (all freighted at Brazil and by contract to unlade at Lisbon, but by accident driven on the English coast), to be unladen here and the goods sold and disposed on on due payment of customs both English and Portuguese, said warrant being made forth at the instance of Mr. Augustin Coronel, Agent for the King of Portugal. Ordered: that the Customs Commissioners pursue His Majesty's directions herein. [Ibid. IX. p. 85.]"
The September vessels were accidental wrecks, and not "on account" to Charles -- the warrants (letters of credit, in effect, for the value of the goods) being made out to made King Alfonso VI https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl… -- but some nice customs duties were due, and the English were the beneficieries of the goods sold.
More sugar????
Wrecks, and how to deal with them, must have been a fairly common problem.
There were also suggestions he had another income stream as a French spy, and was in the area to gather intelligence about the warships at Chatham dockyard.
The story he had been slaughtered at Gad’s Hill by his own coachmen also unravelled; the ‘coachmen’ were his accomplices, and the murder seems to have been the result of a falling out over the proceeds.
The killers were later hanged at Maidstone.
The published account of ‘the Prince’s’ burial reads: "His body being brought to the parish of Strood, was accompanied from thence to the West door of the Cathedral Church of Rochester by the Prebendaries of the said church in their formalities, with the gentry and commonality of the said city and places adjacent, with torches before them. Near the cathedral they were met by the choir, who sung Te Deum before them; when divine service was ended, the choir went before the body to the grave (which was made in the body of the church) singing Nunc Dimittis. Thousands of people flockt to this cathedral, amongst whom many gave large commendations of the Dean and Chapter, who bestowed so honorable an interment on a stranger at their own proper costs and charges."
And there he lies today: a conman who gulled the King of England, the Dean and Chapter of Rochester Cathedral, and, nearly, the historical record.
FROM J.D. Davis' blog, where you can see a photo of the burial entry in the Rochester Cathedral register: http://jddavies.com/2016/02/01/hi…
We haven't heard much from Court lately. Charles II has had a visitor:
This begins in October 1661, with the burial in Rochester Cathedral of one ‘Cossuma Albertus’, a ‘Prince of Transylvania’, who had been brutally murdered on the main coast road at Gad’s Hill, a notorious haunt of highwaymen and brigands.
The Prince had been received at the court of the recently restored Charles II, where he was treated with honor. A contemporary account of the murder told a shocking tale: "Cossuma Albertus, a Prince of Transylvania, in the dominions of the King of Poland, being worsted by the German forces, and compelled to seek for relief came to our gracious King Charles II. for succour, from whom it is said he found a kind reception and a sufficient maintenance."
"On the evening of Tuesday, Oct. 15, 1661, this Prince Cossuma was approaching Rochester in his chariot, attended by his coachman and footboy, when within a mile of Strood … the vehicle stuck fast in the mire; whereupon the Prince resolved to sleep in the coach, pulling off his coat and wrapping it about him to keep himself warm.
"Being fast asleep, his coachman, Isaac Jacob, a Jew, about midnight takes the Prince’s hanger from under his head, and stabs him to the heart; and calling to his aid his companion, whose name was Casimirus Karsagi, they both completed the tragedy by dragging him out of the carriage, cutting off his head and throwing the mutilated remains into a ditch near at hand. The Prince was dressed in scarlet breeches, his stockings were laced with gold lace, with pearl-color silk hose under them.
"The two men, having possessed themselves of a large sum of money which the Prince had about, drawing a piece of timber, that I am confident one man could easily have carried upon his back. I made the horses be taken away, and a man or two to take the lumber away with their hands."
A copy of a pamphlets giving a sensationalist account of the murder contained a handwritten marginal note, to the effect ”tis said he was a cheat, and no prince’.
In Charles II’s day, Transylvanians were Protestants, holding the borders against both the Ottomans and the Catholic Habsburgs, and their ruler Bethlen Gabor had been one of the great Protestant heroes of the Thirty Years War.
But the Transylvanians had been defeated, and many forced into exile, where they had become objects of sympathy – and of charity.
And there's the rub. ‘Cossuma Albertus’ wasn’t a prince, and wasn’t Transylvanian. His first name is probably a phonetic misspelling of ‘Casimir’, and he was almost certainly an impoverished Polish minor nobleman, who had adopted his cover story in order to con the gullible at Charles II’s court.
War, Trade and the State Anglo-Dutch Conflict, 1652-89 Edited by David Ormrod and Gijs Rommelse
A reassessment of the Anglo-Dutch wars of the second half of the 17th century, demonstrating that the conflict was primarily about trade.
This book re-examines the history of Anglo-Dutch conflict during the 17th century, of which the three wars of 1652-4, 1665-7 and 1672-4 were the most obvious manifestation. Low-intensity conflict spanned a longer period. From 1618-19 hostilities in Asia between the Dutch and English East India Companies added new elements of tension beyond earlier disputes over the North Sea fisheries, merchant shipping and the cloth trade. The emerging multilateral trades of the Atlantic world added new challenges. This book integrates the European, Asian, American and African dimensions of the Anglo-Dutch Wars in an authentically global view. The role of the state receives special attention during a period in which both countries are best understood as 'fiscal-naval states'. The significance of sea power is reflected in the public history of the Anglo-Dutch wars, acknowledged in the concluding chapters. The book includes important new research findings and imaginative new thinking by leading historians of the subject.
344 Pages 49 b/w illus. Imprint: Boydell Press
Part I: Introduction Anglo-Dutch conflict in the North Sea and beyond - David Ormrod and Gijs Rommelse Part II: War in the North Sea 1. The 17th-century Anglo-Dutch wars in a European context - Gijs Rommelse and Roger Downing 2. Anglican Royalism and the origins of the Second Anglo-Dutch War - Paul Seaward 3. War, foreign relations and politics in the Netherlands from the Second Anglo-Dutch War to the Revolution of 1688 - Elizabeth Edwards 4. Competing navies: Anglo-Dutch naval rivalry, 1652-1688 - John B. Hattendorf 5. The Dutch and English fiscal-naval states: a comparative overview - Richard J. Blakemore and Pepijn Brandon 6. Dutch and English dockyards and coastal defence, 1652-1689 - Ann Coats and Alan Lemmers Part III: Conflict in the Atlantic world and Asia 7. The Second Anglo-Dutch War in the Atlantic - Nuala Zahedieh 8. Competing claims: international law, diplomacy and Anglo-Dutch rivalry in 17th century North America - Jaap Jacobs 9. Merchant companies at war: the Anglo-Dutch wars in Asia - Erik Odegard 10. Arguing over empire: international law and Anglo-Dutch rivalry in the BandaIslands, 1616-1667 - Martine Julia van Ittersum Part IV: Public History 11. Michiel de Ruyter: a multi-purpose hero - Remmelt Daalder 12. Anglo-Dutch historical commemorations and the public, 1973-2017 - David Ormrod
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No glass in the windows makes sense in the Mediterranean climate, so long as you have waterproof/stormproof shutters. You need shade and a breeze, not glass for 90 percent of the year. But Pepys doesn't know that yet!
@@@
"From Sandwich's log, in the bay of Tangier:
October 17. Thursday. The Colchester with Mr. Nash, Mr. Rolt and my Lieutenant etc., returned from Cadiz.
Copied from The Journal of Edward Mountagu, First Earl of Sandwich Admiral and General-at-Sea 1659 - 1665
Edited by RC Anderson Printed for the Navy Records Society MDCCCCXXIX
Comments
Third Reading
About Monday 21 October 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
Marie333 "the Opera" is in blue in the text. Click through, and you'll find out the theater was also known as The Duke's House. It was not a type of performance, as Phil C explained.
This ability is handy, or we'll be making the same annotations over and over again, which will kill the flow.
About Portsmouth, Hampshire
San Diego Sarah • Link
FROM a list of Governors and Lt.-Gov.s of Portsmouth during the Diary:
1660-1 Colonel Richard Norton -- Governor
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
1661-73 HRH James, Duke of York -- Governor
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
1662 Sir William Berkley -- Lt-Governor
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
1665 Sir Phillip Honeywood -- Lt. Governor
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
1672 George Legge -- Lt. Governor
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
About Thursday 24 October 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
CONCLUSION:
Cape Spartel -- Nestled about 14 kilometers from downtown Tangier, Cape Spartel serves as the meeting point between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean.
Contrary to the common belief, the cape is not the northmost point of Africa (a title that belongs to Ras ben Sakka in Tunisia) but rather the continent’s northwesternmost tip.
At 326 meters (1,000 ft) above sea level, the promontory overlooks the Strait of Gibraltar, providing a distant glimpse of Spain’s southern coastline, including Gibraltar’s famous rock.
Over the centuries, the nearby waters witnessed countless maritime battles between world powers. Perhaps the most notable of which was the Battle of Cape Spartel, where the British navy engaged in an intense fighting with dozens of French and Spanish vessels as it sought to break the Great Siege of Gibraltar. ...
Half a kilometer downhill [FROM THE LIGHTHOUSE] lies the iconic sign that indicates where the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean meet. The wooden mark sits atop a porch from where one can see the imaginary border between the two bodies of water.
The cape’s peak, known as Jebel Kebir, is topped by the Borj Spartel tower. ... As you reach the top, you’ll be rewarded with stunning views that stretch to Spain.
Located slightly south of Cape Spartel is a string of golden beaches and the mystical Hercules Caves, known for their Africa-shaped natural window as well as their many associated fables.
https://explanders.com/africa-mid…
Sandwich is taking on 4 Turkish men-of-war with a Royal Yacht, 2 frigates and The Royal James? Luckily he finds 2 more English frigates in hot pursuit. If the objective was to save the Dutch merchantships, they apparently succeeded. Hr wasn't prepared to capture those Turks.
Where is de Ruyter? He's supposed to be lurking on the other side of the Straits to take care of this kind of harassment.
About Thursday 24 October 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
From Sandwich's log, at anchor in Tangier Bay:
October 24, Thursday.
In the morning by break of day we discerned a fleet of merchantmen Dutch and 4 Turks men of war edged off from them sailing out of the Straits within a league of us, whereupon instantly we slipped one cable and weighed our other anchor and stood after them, viz: The James, Montague, Forester and Martin.
As we were in chase we saw the Mary and Hampshire who had been in chase of them all night before.
All the while we were off Tangier land we had very little wind but the Turks had a fresh gale off Cape Spartel (2) and before in the calm rowed with 19 oars a side and so got a good way ahead of us.
When we came up to Cape Spartel we had a fresh gale of wind and they had less wind and we raised their hulls apace.
At the same time the Mary and the Hampshire, that were more into the middle of the gut, had much less wind than we and almost becalmed.
When we were all got out to sea we had very little wind, made scarce 2 leagues a watch.
The Turks with sailing and rowing by 4 o'clock in the afternoon got to sea out of our sight so we gave over chase and stood into the gut for Tangier again.
(2) MS Spratt
Copied from
The Journal of Edward Mountagu,
First Earl of Sandwich
Admiral and General-at-Sea 1659 - 1665
Edited by RC Anderson
Printed for the Navy Records Society
MDCCCCXXIX
Section III - Mediterranean 1661/62
@@@
Does anyone know what Sandwich specifically means when he writes about the gut of the Straits. After reading about Cape Spartel (see next annotation), I'm now guessing he means the narrowest mid-point of the Strait where the Med. meets the Atlantic. In rgw past I recall that being called the waist.
A question for the sailors: I understand weighing anchor, but what does he mean by also slipping a cable if a dufferent anchor?
The Straits of Gibraltar
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
On October 3 Sandwich divided his ships with Adm. Lawson, and these were 4 of the fighting ships he took to Tangier -- but at least 2 of these 4 turn out to be frigates:
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
The James -- Pedro thinks this was The Royal James, and was Sandwich's flag ship
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
The Montagu -- no info yet
The Forester
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
The Martin
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
The Mary -- could this be the Royal Yacht Mary? There could have been a warship of the same name? -- https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
The Hampshire
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
Tangier land -- you can see the area around Tangier as it looked in 1669 (after 7 years of English investment) -- (if you care about spoilers, don't read the annotations) -- at
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
About The Hampshire
San Diego Sarah • Link
The 4th rate Hampshire was a frigate.
How to translate this information:
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
About Monday 21 October 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
From Sandwich's log, at anchor in Tangier Bay:
October 21, Monday.
I sent the Gift away to Malaga to take the merchants there ready under his convoy and see them as far as the rock of Lisbon and then himself go into Lisbon and take 2 months' provisions from the Consul and sail for this bay again.
Copied from
The Journal of Edward Mountagu,
First Earl of Sandwich
Admiral and General-at-Sea 1659 - 1665
Edited by RC Anderson
Printed for the Navy Records Society
MDCCCCXXIX
Section III - Mediterranean 1661/62
@@@
The Gift -- AKA The Great Gift
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
Malaga
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
Lisbon
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
The Consul at Lisbon
Thomas Maynard, English Consul at Lisbon, see the second letter at
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
Any locals around?
From this I'm guessing the Gift left the merchant ships in the Lisbon Roads, which is marked by a rock, to await word when there was room at the merchants' docks for them to be unloaded.
The Gift then sailed up the Targus to the English Consul's dock to take on provisions.
But I have no idea is there is any such place as Lisbon Roads.
About Wednesday 25 September 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
I'm wondering if the Portuguese had made promises Alfonso IV couldn't afford to keep -- that's a lot of gold to gather to send off with Catherine.
They must be depending on treasure ships coming from South America ... ???
About Sunday 20 October 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
From Sandwich's log, in the bay of Tangier:
October 20. Sunday.
About 4 o'clock in the afternoon the Forester came in from Lagos.
Copied from
The Journal of Edward Mountagu,
First Earl of Sandwich
Admiral and General-at-Sea 1659 - 1665
Edited by RC Anderson
Printed for the Navy Records Society
MDCCCCXXIX
Section III - Mediterranean 1661/62
@@@
The Forester
and
Lagos, Portugal
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
About Saturday 17 May 1662
San Diego Sarah • Link
A velvet cloak -- in rainy London! Asking for trouble!
Why? One answer is
L&M note: Francis Osborne, one of Pepys' favourite authors. wrote in 'Advice to a Son' (1658): "Weare your cloths neat, exceeding, rather than comming short of others of like fortune ... spare all other ways rather than prove defective in this."
So it's a status symbol, to give others confidence in doing business with Samuel Pepys Esq., who is so successful he won't need to get his cloak wet.
About Monday 18 November 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
"Is there any evidence that Sam was regarded as a drunkard by his contemporaries? No, because he held down his job and functioned socially at least as well as his superiors ..." Well said, Sasha,
"Brian Abrams, author of 'Party Like a President: True Tales of Inebriation, Lechery, and Mischief From the Oval Office', says it’s important to remember that consumption habits were generally different during the late 18th century. It was still common at the time to start the day with a small beer (usually around 3 percent ABV). “John Adams would drink a tanker of his cider every morning with his breakfast,” Abrams says.
"Part of that was a coping mechanism for the physical and mental hardships of a rather difficult period in history. “As far as why all these old guys were drinking all the time, people's bodies were riddled with all sorts of incurable diseases,” Abrams says. “Everyone's walking around with whooping cough or typhoid, or they have splinters with tetanus in them, or bullets lodged in their bodies. These were not things that doctors could cure, so people just drank.”'
https://www.amazon.com/Party-Like…
Yes, this quote is about another century and from another continent, but the facts remain: They had to tolerate pain and inconvenience unknown to us. I'm glad I live now and have the luxury of not understanding their need for alcoholic relief.
About Sunday 20 October 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
"... and then to Sir W. Batten who is to go to Portsmouth to-morrow to wait upon the Duke of York, who goes to take possession and to set in order the garrison there."
My guess is these are the new Tangier garrison. This would allow the fleet to have a shakedown cruise before loading all the landlubbers.
About Sunday 13 October 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
You're right, Stephane. Those are strangely Anglo names for Portuguese ships' captains!
About Samuel Pepys and Slaves
San Diego Sarah • Link
There's an excellent run of 5 annotations about human rights, capital punishment and slavery at
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
About Saturday 19 October 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
From Sandwich's log, in the bay of Tangier:
October 19. Saturday.
About noon the Gift came in to us, qgo had been 20 leagues off the South-ward cape, 1 to convey some merchant ships.
1 Cape St. Vincent
Copied from
The Journal of Edward Mountagu,
First Earl of Sandwich
Admiral and General-at-Sea 1659 - 1665
Edited by RC Anderson
Printed for the Navy Records Society
MDCCCCXXIX
Section III - Mediterranean 1661/62
@@@
The Gift -- AKA The Great Gift
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
Cape St. Vincent
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
About Friday 18 October 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
From Sandwich's log, in the bay of Tangier:
October 18. Friday.
In the morning early Sir John Lawson with the Swiftsure, Mary, Fairfax, Hampshire and Colchester sailed for the Straits.
Copied from
The Journal of Edward Mountagu,
First Earl of Sandwich
Admiral and General-at-Sea 1659 - 1665
Edited by RC Anderson
Printed for the Navy Records Society
MDCCCCXXIX
Section III - Mediterranean 1661/62
@@@
Sir John Lawson
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
The Swiftsure
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
The Mary, last mentioned on October 3, 1661
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
The Fairfax, by now I think Sandwich has the name right, and it's a nod to Gen. Sir Thomas, for being an honorable person -- the ship:
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
The Hampshire, also last mentioned on October 3
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
The Colchester was last heard of yesterday
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
The Straits of Gibraltar
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
Why is Adm. Sir John off to the Straits? Could it be related to:
"On Saturday night there came in a Newfoundland ship ... He also gave me the first advice that de Ruyter with 14 sail of ships was gone up the Straits, 4 sail having been sent in many days before."
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
5 ships can monitor de Ruyter's 18 ships, but that's about it.
About Sunday 13 October 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
Fascinating documents, Stephane.
I hadn't seen these Treasury petitions before, so I also took a look at September's page and found this:
"Sept. 9. The royal warrant to the Customs Commissioners, read and entered, to cause the four ships called the "Sampson," Hans Royer, master; the "Hector," Andrew Rand, master; the "Agreement," John Rand, master, and the "Lewis," Anthony Maynard, master (all freighted at Brazil and by contract to unlade at Lisbon, but by accident driven on the English coast), to be unladen here and the goods sold and disposed on on due payment of customs both English and Portuguese, said warrant being made forth at the instance of Mr. Augustin Coronel, Agent for the King of Portugal. Ordered: that the Customs Commissioners pursue His Majesty's directions herein. [Ibid. IX. p. 85.]"
The September vessels were accidental wrecks, and not "on account" to Charles -- the warrants (letters of credit, in effect, for the value of the goods) being made out to made King Alfonso VI https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl… -- but some nice customs duties were due, and the English were the beneficieries of the goods sold.
More sugar????
Wrecks, and how to deal with them, must have been a fairly common problem.
About Tuesday 15 October 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
CONCLUSION:
There were also suggestions he had another income stream as a French spy, and was in the area to gather intelligence about the warships at Chatham dockyard.
The story he had been slaughtered at Gad’s Hill by his own coachmen also unravelled; the ‘coachmen’ were his accomplices, and the murder seems to have been the result of a falling out over the proceeds.
The killers were later hanged at Maidstone.
The published account of ‘the Prince’s’ burial reads:
"His body being brought to the parish of Strood, was accompanied from thence to the West door of the Cathedral Church of Rochester by the Prebendaries of the said church in their formalities, with the gentry and commonality of the said city and places adjacent, with torches before them. Near the cathedral they were met by the choir, who sung Te Deum before them; when divine service was ended, the choir went before the body to the grave (which was made in the body of the church) singing Nunc Dimittis. Thousands of people flockt to this cathedral, amongst whom many gave large commendations of the Dean and Chapter, who bestowed so honorable an interment on a stranger at their own proper costs and charges."
And there he lies today: a conman who gulled the King of England, the Dean and Chapter of Rochester Cathedral, and, nearly, the historical record.
FROM J.D. Davis' blog, where you can see a photo of the burial entry in the Rochester Cathedral register:
http://jddavies.com/2016/02/01/hi…
About Tuesday 15 October 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
We haven't heard much from Court lately. Charles II has had a visitor:
This begins in October 1661, with the burial in Rochester Cathedral of one ‘Cossuma Albertus’, a ‘Prince of Transylvania’, who had been brutally murdered on the main coast road at Gad’s Hill, a notorious haunt of highwaymen and brigands.
The Prince had been received at the court of the recently restored Charles II, where he was treated with honor. A contemporary account of the murder told a shocking tale:
"Cossuma Albertus, a Prince of Transylvania, in the dominions of the King of Poland, being worsted by the German forces, and compelled to seek for relief came to our gracious King Charles II. for succour, from whom it is said he found a kind reception and a sufficient maintenance."
"On the evening of Tuesday, Oct. 15, 1661, this Prince Cossuma was approaching Rochester in his chariot, attended by his coachman and footboy, when within a mile of Strood … the vehicle stuck fast in the mire; whereupon the Prince resolved to sleep in the coach, pulling off his coat and wrapping it about him to keep himself warm.
"Being fast asleep, his coachman, Isaac Jacob, a Jew, about midnight takes the Prince’s hanger from under his head, and stabs him to the heart; and calling to his aid his companion, whose name was Casimirus Karsagi, they both completed the tragedy by dragging him out of the carriage, cutting off his head and throwing the mutilated remains into a ditch near at hand. The Prince was dressed in scarlet breeches, his stockings were laced with gold lace, with pearl-color silk hose under them.
"The two men, having possessed themselves of a large sum of money which the Prince had about, drawing a piece of timber, that I am confident one man could easily have carried upon his back. I made the horses be taken away, and a man or two to take the lumber away with their hands."
A copy of a pamphlets giving a sensationalist account of the murder contained a handwritten marginal note, to the effect ”tis said he was a cheat, and no prince’.
In Charles II’s day, Transylvanians were Protestants, holding the borders against both the Ottomans and the Catholic Habsburgs, and their ruler Bethlen Gabor had been one of the great Protestant heroes of the Thirty Years War.
But the Transylvanians had been defeated, and many forced into exile, where they had become objects of sympathy – and of charity.
And there's the rub. ‘Cossuma Albertus’ wasn’t a prince, and wasn’t Transylvanian. His first name is probably a phonetic misspelling of ‘Casimir’, and he was almost certainly an impoverished Polish minor nobleman, who had adopted his cover story in order to con the gullible at Charles II’s court.
About Second Anglo-Dutch War
San Diego Sarah • Link
War, Trade and the State
Anglo-Dutch Conflict, 1652-89
Edited by David Ormrod and Gijs Rommelse
A reassessment of the Anglo-Dutch wars of the second half of the 17th century, demonstrating that the conflict was primarily about trade.
This book re-examines the history of Anglo-Dutch conflict during the 17th century, of which the three wars of 1652-4, 1665-7 and 1672-4 were the most obvious manifestation.
Low-intensity conflict spanned a longer period. From 1618-19 hostilities in Asia between the Dutch and English East India Companies added new elements of tension beyond earlier disputes over the North Sea fisheries, merchant shipping and the cloth trade. The emerging multilateral trades of the Atlantic world added new challenges.
This book integrates the European, Asian, American and African dimensions of the Anglo-Dutch Wars in an authentically global view.
The role of the state receives special attention during a period in which both countries are best understood as 'fiscal-naval states'.
The significance of sea power is reflected in the public history of the Anglo-Dutch wars, acknowledged in the concluding chapters. The book includes important new research findings and imaginative new thinking by leading historians of the subject.
344 Pages
49 b/w illus.
Imprint: Boydell Press
Part I: Introduction
Anglo-Dutch conflict in the North Sea and beyond - David Ormrod and Gijs Rommelse
Part II: War in the North Sea
1. The 17th-century Anglo-Dutch wars in a European context - Gijs Rommelse and Roger Downing
2. Anglican Royalism and the origins of the Second Anglo-Dutch War - Paul Seaward
3. War, foreign relations and politics in the Netherlands from the Second Anglo-Dutch War to the Revolution of 1688 - Elizabeth Edwards
4. Competing navies: Anglo-Dutch naval rivalry, 1652-1688 - John B. Hattendorf
5. The Dutch and English fiscal-naval states: a comparative overview - Richard J. Blakemore and Pepijn Brandon
6. Dutch and English dockyards and coastal defence, 1652-1689 - Ann Coats and Alan Lemmers
Part III: Conflict in the Atlantic world and Asia
7. The Second Anglo-Dutch War in the Atlantic - Nuala Zahedieh
8. Competing claims: international law, diplomacy and Anglo-Dutch rivalry in 17th century North America - Jaap Jacobs
9. Merchant companies at war: the Anglo-Dutch wars in Asia - Erik Odegard
10. Arguing over empire: international law and Anglo-Dutch rivalry in the BandaIslands, 1616-1667 - Martine Julia van Ittersum
Part IV: Public History
11. Michiel de Ruyter: a multi-purpose hero - Remmelt Daalder
12. Anglo-Dutch historical commemorations and the public, 1973-2017 - David Ormrod
Hardcover
9781783273249
March 2020
Buy $49.95 / £35.00
Ebook (EPDF)
9781787446830
March 2020
Buy £19.99 / $29.95
About Thursday 17 October 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
No glass in the windows makes sense in the Mediterranean climate, so long as you have waterproof/stormproof shutters. You need shade and a breeze, not glass for 90 percent of the year. But Pepys doesn't know that yet!
@@@
"From Sandwich's log, in the bay of Tangier:
October 17. Thursday.
The Colchester with Mr. Nash, Mr. Rolt and my Lieutenant etc., returned from Cadiz.
Copied from
The Journal of Edward Mountagu,
First Earl of Sandwich
Admiral and General-at-Sea 1659 - 1665
Edited by RC Anderson
Printed for the Navy Records Society
MDCCCCXXIX
Section III - Mediterranean 1661/62
@@@
The Colchester was last heard of
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
Don't know about Mr. Nash, but
Capt. Edward Rolt is a good Brampton boy
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
And I suspect we know who Sandwich's Lieutenant is ... nominations?
Tangier
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
Cadiz
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…