The diaries of Sir Simonds D’Ewes (1602-50), MP for Sudbury 1640-1648, have been the bedrock of studies of the Long Parliament and its members since at least the early Victorian period.
The best-known of these, his parliamentary diary, composed in English, runs from 3 Nov. 1640 - 3 Nov. 1645. The portion of it that extends from 1640 until 17 Sept. 1642 has at various times and formats been edited and published, leaving the remainder in unpublished transcript only. The explicit aim of D’Ewes’ modern editors has been to produce a text that sheds light on parliamentary proceedings, with less focus on the text and how it came to be produced.
On 1 Jan. 1644 D’Ewes began to keep a parallel diary in Latin, which he kept up until at least 24 March 1647. None of this material has been published, although a project at the History of Parliament to make a transcript and English translation has been in progress for many years. A third parallel diary in cypher, covering the whole of 1643, remains the unconquered. All of this material is essential to an understanding of the daily life of the Long Parliament, but also to penetrating the mind and outlook of D’Ewes as diarist, autobiographer and self-analyst.
Essential to understanding D’Ewes’ practice and motives in diarizing is his long habit of it, engrained by 1640. Just as important in shaping the diaries were his expertise and learning in antiquarian pursuits which, as a wealthy man, he had been able to devote himself virtually full-time for many years.
By early 1642 D’Ewes was distancing himself from his fellow parliamentary diarists and what he considered their inferior method of simply consulting the Commons clerk, Henry Elsying, while he was writing up the official Journal. D’Ewes prided himself on relying on his own memory, which may seem to us a fallible and inferior way of proceeding, but it is an early indication that the diarizing was a self-conscious intellectual act, not a simple exercise in gathering information. He sat in the Commons chamber to create his diary until 23 July 1642 when he was the subject of a mortifying put-down by Speaker Lenthall which provoked unkind laughter. After that he wrote at his house in Covent Garden, often as the first activity of the day after the events he was recording.
Secretary of State Sir Edward Nicholas to Sandwich Written from: Whitehall Date: 18 June 1661 Shelfmark: MS. Carte 73, fol(s). 534 Document type: Original
Has received a letter from the Earl of Winchelsea, His Majesty's Ambassador Extraordinary at Constantinople, under date of March 6, and encloses a copy of it for his Lordship's perusal. [The Copy is not now appended]. Mentions the arrival in London of the Lord O'Brien, who had been prisoner in Algiers, and has had to give bonds for a large by way of ransom...
FROM: Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661 Bodleian Library, University of Oxford Edward Edwards, 2005 Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32 Extent: 464 pages https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
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Earl of Winchelsea, His Majesty's Ambassador Extraordinary at Constantinople -- FINCH, HENEAGE, 2nd Earl of Winchilsea (d. 1689) https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
According to Geni, the Hurleston family was well-connected. It appears one of Nicholas' aunts married a Mainwaring, and one of his daughters married one of Sandwich's and Pepys' colleagues after the Diary -- we can assume Pepys knew both Hurleston and Haddock:
Elizabeth Haddock (Hurleston) Also Known As: "Betty" Birthdate: circa 1650 Death: February 26, 1709 Immediate Family: Daughter of Nicholas Hurleston and Anna Hurleston Wife of Admiral Sir Richard Haddock, Kt. Mother of Richard Haddock, II; William Haddock; Adm. Nicholas Haddock; Martha Lyddoll; Elizabeth Haddock and 2 others. https://www.geni.com/people/Eliza…
Richard Haddock commanded The Dragon 1656-1660, but was then unemployed until 1666 when he took command of the 50-gun Portland on 14 June 1666. This gave him command of one of the companies involved in the attacks on Ulie and Schelling in Aug. 1666. https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/… He relinquished command of the Portland on 9 Nov. 1667.
Prior to the outbreak of the Third Anglo-Dutch War, Richard Haddock became captain of the 100-gun Royal James on 18 Jan. 1672; he was her captain at the Battle of Solebay on 28 May. The Royal James was the flagship of Adm. Sir Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich. The Royal James led the van of the Blue Squadron, and attacked Willem Joseph van Ghent's ship. She was then engaged by a number of other Dutch warships and fireships. Despite fighting several of them off and forcing Rear-Adm. Jan van Brakel's ship to disengage, the Royal James was set on fire by the Dutch. Haddock was wounded in the foot, and on seeing that the ship was doomed, tried to persuade the Earl to abandon ship. Sandwich refused; Haddock jumped overboard. He survived, was picked up and transferred to another English warship. Sandwich's body was found days later.
Haddock returned to London and met with Charles II. The King bestowed a mark of favour on Haddock for his actions during the battle, taking a satin cap from his head and placing it upon Haddock's. The cap was kept in the family for many years,
Haddock assumed command of the Third rate Lion on 7 Nov. 1672, and remained with her until the following 1 Feb. He was then given command on 2 Feb. 1673 of the brand new First rate Royal Charles, flagship of Prince Rupert. He fought at the Battles of Schooneveld on 28 May and 4 June 1673. Immediately following this second action, on 5 June 1673 he was switched to command the Royal Sovereign, but relinquished command on 30 June, and was quickly appointed to be an Extra Commissioner of the Navy on 18 Aug. 1673.
He was knighted on 3 July 1675. Sir Richard Haddock was appointed Controller of the Navy on 2 Feb., 1682, an appointment he retained until 17 April 1686.
Sir William Rider and Nicholas Hurleston to Sandwich Written from: [Whitehall?] Date: 15 June 1661 Shelfmark: MS. Carte 73, fol(s). 521 Document type: Original. Undated, but dated by endorsement.
Report advices of the sailing of the chief forces of Algiers and of their putting out to sea. Are of opinion that his Lordship, by taking the opportunity of a visit to Algiers with his convoy, in the absence of their best strength, might dictate terms at will.
FROM Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661 Bodleian Library, University of Oxford Edward Edwards, 2005 Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32 Extent: 464 pages https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
Nicholas Hurleston -- was from a family of mariners and seamen with its roots in Sandwich, Kent. He was resident in Redriff, Surrey. https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
Captain Nicholas Hurlestone (b. ?, d. ?) was from a family of mariners and seamen with its roots in Sandwich, Kent. He was resident in Redriff, Surrey.
He was connected with the Moyer family of mariners of Leigh, Essex and Limehouse, Essex, through his marriage to Anna Moyer, who was the daughter of the mariner James (c. 1585 -1636/37) and Lydia Moyer. Nicholas Hurleston was thus the son-in-law of James Moyer the elder, and brother-in-law of 4 Moyer merchants and/or mariners active in the 1640 to 1680 period - Lawrence, Samuel, James [the younger], and William Moyer.
Hurleston had married Anna Moyer prior to 1637, since James Moyer the elder, when writing his will, mentioned "my sonne Nicholas Hurlstone." In James Moyer the younger's will, written in 1661, the younger James mentioned his brother "Captain Nicholas Hurlestone," together with Nicholas' sons, Nicholas and Richard, and Nicholas' then unmarried daughters, Lydia, Rebecca, Sarah, and Elizabeth.
Capt. Hurlestone provides an example of the difficulties which occur when attempting to assess social status of commercially-active people and families in 17th century England. Descriptions by contemporaries and by later 18th century commentators which imply status can vary widely for the same individual and family. In the case of Nicholas Hurlestone he is described at various times and places in his career as "Captain Hurlestone", "Nicholas Hurlestone,gent., of Redriff," and "Nicholas Hurlestone, esq." http://www.marinelives.org/wiki/M…
H. Williams to Sandwich Date: 10 June 1661 Shelfmark: MS. Carte 73, fol(s). 517 Document type: Holograph
Solicits a recommendation of a certain matter, on which he had conferred with his Lordship, to the Lord Chamberlain. Adds, in a PS.: That this day the Act of Oblivion has passed our House [of Commons] "thanks [to our] Gracious Sovereign, "whose letter did require it."
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"... our House ..." makes me think this was possibly Sir Henry Williams MP, 2nd Bt. (c.1635-66), of Gwernyfed, Aberllynfi, Brec. -- https://www.historyofparliamenton…
FROM Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661 Bodleian Library, University of Oxford Edward Edwards, 2005 Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32 Extent: 464 pages https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
You may have seen a mini-series about the Williams family and how their fortunes rose and fell with the Stuart kings. The Stuarts: A Bloody Reign https://www.imdb.com/title/tt8670…
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I was thinking this was mis-dated, but Parliament wasn't sitting on June 10, 1660. As you can see from Phil's links, there was nothing about the Act of Oblivion, or a reading of a letter from Charles II, on this day in Westminster. It still may be mis-dated; ideas anyone?
M. Fresendorff to Sandwich Written from: London Date: 13 June 1661 Shelfmark: MS. Carte 73, fol(s). 519 Document type: Original; subscribed and signed, with a P.S. in the writer's autograph. With a seal of arms.
Congratulates his Lordship on his solemn embassy to Portugal. Solicits permission for a cousin of his own who has travelled much, and has fitted himself for public employment, to wait upon him in that embassy. Subscribed and signed; with a P.S. in the writer's autograph.
FROM Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661 Bodleian Library, University of Oxford Edward Edwards, 2005 Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32 Extent: 464 pages https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
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The Friesendorff family, also spelled von Friesendorff is an old Swedish noble family of German origin. Riksfriherre Sir Johan Fredrik von Friesendorff, 1st Baronet (1617–1669) was a Swedish diplomat born in Bremen. His ability was recognised by the Swedish Lord High Treasurer Gabriel Oxenstierna, and he was appointed as Swedish resident in Portugal by him in 1649, and then appointed as a member of the Swedish Cabinet 4 years later. In 1656 he married Margareta Elisabet Gärffelt.
Shrewd and with a thorough knowledge of cabinet and trade secrets, he was used by the Swedish state in many negotiations and diplomatic endeavours, including finishing an alliance with England in 1661, when he was also dubbed an English knight and created a baronet by Charles II (under the name of "Sir John Frederick van Freisendorf").
A few years later he was appointed Reichsfreiherr by the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold, and was also given the titles Counsellor of the Court and member of the National Board of Trade in Sweden. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joh…
Philip Packer to Sandwich Written from: Westminster Date: 29 June 1661 Shelfmark: MS. Carte 73, fol(s). 540 Document type: Holograph
Thanks the Admiral for a fair ornament which he has been pleased to bestow on the writer's "little Tabernacle". Reports progress of various building works in hand for his lordship... Adds the humble service of Sir Humphry Wynche and his Lady, as well as that of some relatives of his own.
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My guess is that Mr. Packer is renovating The Wardrobe.
FROM Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661 Bodleian Library, University of Oxford Edward Edwards, 2005 Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32 Extent: 464 pages https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
I really don't understand why Parliament hated the Quakers so much -- the House of Commons today:
"Quakers, &c. "A Bill for the preventing the Mischiefs and Dangers that may arise by certain Persons called Quakers, and other Schismaticks, was this Day read the First time.
"Resolved, That the same be read again, the Second time, on Thursday next."
Apparently not all non-conformists are created equal.
Samuel Pepys to Sandwich Written from: Lincoln's Inn Fields Date: 29 August 1661 Shelfmark: MS. Carte 73, fol(s). 585 Document type: Holograph
Mentions family news [see MS. Carte 73, fol. 581]. States that the present season is generally sickly both in town & country; "Even to a contagion, or very neere it" ... "The known Dr. Fuller (of the Holy War) is dead" ... "All but Church matters are very quiet, & them [sic], especially in Scotland, make great noise". Mentions the delay of the fleet for Lisbon, "through want of tidings from Portugal".
FROM Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661 Bodleian Library, University of Oxford Edward Edwards, 2005 Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32 Extent: 464 pages https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
Nicholas Pedley to Sandwich Written from: Huntingdon Date: 2 June 1661 Shelfmark: MS. Carte 73, fol(s). 515 Document type: Holograph. Addressed to the Earl, "at the Great Wardrobe".
Expresses his perplexity of mind in relation to a certain "small concernment of money in his hands." If he pay it according to order, he fears "some murmur or clamour may arise upon your honour and my Lord Mandeville." The question at issue appears to have been matter of pending litigation.
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Sandwich is Mandeville's cousin. Presumably Nicholas Pedley would like to pay some long-outstanding obligation, and rather than risk a confrontation which could land someone in prison for harrassing members of the nobility, he is politely reminding Sandwich and his cousin of this debt. (We will see examples of this 'privilege' later.) Hopefully Sandwich takes care of at least his portion of the bill, or Pepys could find the problem/law suit on his desk to solve in the next few months. https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
From: Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661 Bodleian Library, University of Oxford Edward Edwards, 2005 Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32 Extent: 464 pages https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
"July 5th. Friday. The Governor of Malaga, the Conde de Torrino, came and dined aboard me, and the Duke of Tursis was then in the mole with 4 Genoa gallies."
Copied from The Journal of Edward Mountagu, First Earl of Sandwich Admiral and General-at-Sea 1659 - 1665
Edited by RC Anderson Printed for the Navy Records Society MDCCCCXXIX
Section III - Mediterranean 1661/62
Genoa Galleys were rowed by slaves -- by the 1670's, had Pepys continued the Diary, we would have am encyclopedia page for Malta because Charles II tried to adopt the Genoa Galley ship design (complete with slaves because volunteers couldn't be incentivized to row hard enough) to fight the Barbary Pirates, and Adm. Narborough needed to use their ports. If you are intrigued by a much bigger picture, here's a chapter which will fill in the blanks: https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar…
The mole -- another word for wharf or breakwater protecting the harbor from big waves.
The Governor of Malaga, the Conde de Torrino, seems to be an hereditory position, and I haven't found a convenient page for this particular man.
The Port of Malaga was founded by Phoenicians from Tyre in around 1000 BC. The name Malaka is probably derived from the Phoenician word for salt because fish was salted on the first dock .... This first dock was a single waterfront quay parallel to the shore and extending for about 500 metres from the Palacio de la Aduana to the Jardines de Puerta Oscura.
By Roman times Malaga had become an important export port for minerals, pottery, almonds, wine and oil. An Iberian delicacy was fish prepared with garum, large quantities of which were also exported to Rome.
Trade continued to grow, peaking when Malaga (now Mālaqah was declared the capital of the Islamic kingdom of Granada.
When the kingdom passed into Catholic control in 1487 the port assumed a strategic importance as an embarkation point for Spanish soldiers in the conquest of the Rif, Melilla, Peñon de Velez and Oran, and was renamed the Port of Málaga.
The Port of Málaga grew swiftly throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, establishing itself as Spain's major export port for cereals and manufactures during the Habsburg and Enlightenment eras.
In 1720 Philip V appointed French engineer Bartolome Thurus to prepare a project of port expansion for commercial and military needs, culminating in the construction of both the East Dock and the New Quay.
"July 1st. Monday. In the afternoon we made the Cape St. Vincent."
Copied from The Journal of Edward Mountagu, First Earl of Sandwich Admiral and General-at-Sea 1659 - 1665
Edited by RC Anderson Printed for the Navy Records Society MDCCCCXXIX
Section III - Mediterranean 1661/62
Cape St. Vincent (37deg N Latitude) or Cabo de São Vicente in Portuguese is the southwestern point of Portugal and continental Europe. The dramatic landscape and breathtaking views make the cape one of the not-to-miss places in the Algarve. It's also known as the End of the World. https://thealgarvefamily.com/cabo…
"29th. Saturday. In the morning early we were fair by the Burlings within 2 leagues."
Copied from The Journal of Edward Mountagu, First Earl of Sandwich Admiral and General-at-Sea 1659 - 1665
Edited by RC Anderson Printed for the Navy Records Society MDCCCCXXIX
Section III - Mediterranean 1661/62
The Burlings -- The Berlengas are a Portuguese archipelago consisting of small Atlantic islands 10 to 17 kilometres (6.2–10.6 miles) off the coast of Peniche, Portugal, in the Oeste region. These islands were traditionally known to British mariners as "the Burlings".
The only inhabited island is its largest island, Berlenga Grande, although there is currently no permanent habitation in the archipelago. The other islands are in two groups of islets, the Estelas Islets and the Farilhões-Forcados Islets.
Human occupation on Berlenga Grande dates back to antiquity: the islands are referred to in Ptolemy's Geography as Λονδοβρίς (Londobris). Much later it was referred to as the island of Saturno by Roman geographers, and was visited successively by Muslims, Vikings and privateers.
The islands are thought to be a former sacred place adopted by the Phoenicians in the 1st millennium BC where the cult of Baal–Melqart was celebrated.
In 1513, with the support of Queen Eleanor of Viseu, monks from the Order of São Jerónimo established the Monastery of the Misericórdia da Berlenga, on the island to offer assistance to navigation and victims of frequent shipwrecks. The monastery remained until the 16th century, when disease, lack of supplies and poor communication (due to constant inclement weather) forced the monks to abandon their service.
After the Portuguese Restoration War, during the reign of King John IV, the council of war determined that the demolition of the Monastery of the Misericórdia da Berlenga ruins, and the use of its rocks to build a coastal defense would help protect the coastal settlements. The Fort of São João Baptista das Berlengas was constructed from the remnants of the monastery ruins. By 1655, the fort had already, during its construction, resisted an assault by three Barbary Coast pirates.
The island's lighthouse (dubbed Duke of Braganza by locals) was constructed in 1841.
"27th. Thursday. At sunset Capt. Bennett went off from the fleet to Lisbon to the King of Portugal in the Martin frigate with the King of England's letter. About 9 oclock, by an observation we made of the Scorpion's heart, we found that we were in 41 degrees 18' of latitude."
Copied from The Journal of Edward Mountagu, First Earl of Sandwich Admiral and General-at-Sea 1659 - 1665
Edited by RC Anderson Printed for the Navy Records Society MDCCCCXXIX
"20th. Thursday. In the morning, about 8 oclock, a Council of War was called aboard. Our rendezvous agreed to be in the Channel Torbay. in the Staits Malaga. The fleet to be put to short allowances 6 to 4. Fighting and sailing instructions given out. Our course shaped along the Channel, W.S.W."
Copied from The Journal of Edward Mountagu, First Earl of Sandwich Admiral and General-at-Sea 1659 - 1665
Edited by RC Anderson Printed for the Navy Records Society MDCCCCXXIX
Section III - Mediterranean 1661/62
Do any of our naval/sailing annotators know about the straits near Malaga? My google librarian thinks I'm asking about the Malay Peninsula. This has nothing to do with Torbay, Devon.
It was necessary for Sandwich to brief all the Captains about their true destination in case a storm or fighting breaks up the fleet. But I wonder why he cut rations for no apparent reason -- unless they were short all ready.
Comments
Third Reading
About Long Parliament
San Diego Sarah • Link
The diaries of Sir Simonds D’Ewes (1602-50), MP for Sudbury 1640-1648, have been the bedrock of studies of the Long Parliament and its members since at least the early Victorian period.
The best-known of these, his parliamentary diary, composed in English, runs from 3 Nov. 1640 - 3 Nov. 1645.
The portion of it that extends from 1640 until 17 Sept. 1642 has at various times and formats been edited and published, leaving the remainder in unpublished transcript only.
The explicit aim of D’Ewes’ modern editors has been to produce a text that sheds light on parliamentary proceedings, with less focus on the text and how it came to be produced.
On 1 Jan. 1644 D’Ewes began to keep a parallel diary in Latin, which he kept up until at least 24 March 1647. None of this material has been published, although a project at the History of Parliament to make a transcript and English translation has been in progress for many years.
A third parallel diary in cypher, covering the whole of 1643, remains the unconquered.
All of this material is essential to an understanding of the daily life of the Long Parliament, but also to penetrating the mind and outlook of D’Ewes as diarist, autobiographer and self-analyst.
Essential to understanding D’Ewes’ practice and motives in diarizing is his long habit of it, engrained by 1640. Just as important in shaping the diaries were his expertise and learning in antiquarian pursuits which, as a wealthy man, he had been able to devote himself virtually full-time for many years.
By early 1642 D’Ewes was distancing himself from his fellow parliamentary diarists and what he considered their inferior method of simply consulting the Commons clerk, Henry Elsying, while he was writing up the official Journal.
D’Ewes prided himself on relying on his own memory, which may seem to us a fallible and inferior way of proceeding, but it is an early indication that the diarizing was a self-conscious intellectual act, not a simple exercise in gathering information.
He sat in the Commons chamber to create his diary until 23 July 1642 when he was the subject of a mortifying put-down by Speaker Lenthall which provoked unkind laughter.
After that he wrote at his house in Covent Garden, often as the first activity of the day after the events he was recording.
About Tuesday 18 June 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
Secretary of State Sir Edward Nicholas to Sandwich
Written from: Whitehall
Date: 18 June 1661
Shelfmark: MS. Carte 73, fol(s). 534
Document type: Original
Has received a letter from the Earl of Winchelsea, His Majesty's Ambassador Extraordinary at Constantinople, under date of March 6, and encloses a copy of it for his Lordship's perusal. [The Copy is not now appended].
Mentions the arrival in London of the Lord O'Brien, who had been prisoner in Algiers, and has had to give bonds for a large by way of ransom...
FROM:
Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661
Bodleian Library, University of Oxford
Edward Edwards, 2005
Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32
Extent: 464 pages
https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
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Earl of Winchelsea, His Majesty's Ambassador Extraordinary at Constantinople -- FINCH, HENEAGE, 2nd Earl of Winchilsea (d. 1689)
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
Lord O'Brien -- MURROUGH, 1st EARL OF INCHIQUIN and 6th BARON INCHIQUIN (1614-1674)
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
NOTE: It took 3 months to get a letter from Turkey to London.
About Nicholas Hurlestone
San Diego Sarah • Link
According to Geni, the Hurleston family was well-connected. It appears one of Nicholas' aunts married a Mainwaring, and one of his daughters married one of Sandwich's and Pepys' colleagues after the Diary -- we can assume Pepys knew both Hurleston and Haddock:
Elizabeth Haddock (Hurleston)
Also Known As: "Betty"
Birthdate: circa 1650
Death: February 26, 1709
Immediate Family:
Daughter of Nicholas Hurleston and Anna Hurleston
Wife of Admiral Sir Richard Haddock, Kt.
Mother of Richard Haddock, II; William Haddock; Adm. Nicholas Haddock; Martha Lyddoll; Elizabeth Haddock and 2 others.
https://www.geni.com/people/Eliza…
Richard Haddock commanded The Dragon 1656-1660, but was then unemployed until 1666 when he took command of the 50-gun Portland on 14 June 1666. This gave him command of one of the companies involved in the attacks on Ulie and Schelling in Aug. 1666.
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
He relinquished command of the Portland on 9 Nov. 1667.
Prior to the outbreak of the Third Anglo-Dutch War, Richard Haddock became captain of the 100-gun Royal James on 18 Jan. 1672; he was her captain at the Battle of Solebay on 28 May.
The Royal James was the flagship of Adm. Sir Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich. The Royal James led the van of the Blue Squadron, and attacked Willem Joseph van Ghent's ship. She was then engaged by a number of other Dutch warships and fireships.
Despite fighting several of them off and forcing Rear-Adm. Jan van Brakel's ship to disengage, the Royal James was set on fire by the Dutch. Haddock was wounded in the foot, and on seeing that the ship was doomed, tried to persuade the Earl to abandon ship.
Sandwich refused; Haddock jumped overboard.
He survived, was picked up and transferred to another English warship. Sandwich's body was found days later.
Haddock returned to London and met with Charles II. The King bestowed a mark of favour on Haddock for his actions during the battle, taking a satin cap from his head and placing it upon Haddock's. The cap was kept in the family for many years,
Haddock assumed command of the Third rate Lion on 7 Nov. 1672, and remained with her until the following 1 Feb.
He was then given command on 2 Feb. 1673 of the brand new First rate Royal Charles, flagship of Prince Rupert.
He fought at the Battles of Schooneveld on 28 May and 4 June 1673.
Immediately following this second action, on 5 June 1673 he was switched to command the Royal Sovereign, but relinquished command on 30 June, and was quickly appointed to be an Extra Commissioner of the Navy on 18 Aug. 1673.
He was knighted on 3 July 1675.
Sir Richard Haddock was appointed Controller of the Navy on 2 Feb., 1682, an appointment he retained until 17 April 1686.
More at https://www.geni.com/people/Admir…
About Saturday 15 June 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
Sir William Rider and Nicholas Hurleston to Sandwich
Written from: [Whitehall?]
Date: 15 June 1661
Shelfmark: MS. Carte 73, fol(s). 521
Document type: Original. Undated, but dated by endorsement.
Report advices of the sailing of the chief forces of Algiers and of their putting out to sea. Are of opinion that his Lordship, by taking the opportunity of a visit to Algiers with his convoy, in the absence of their best strength, might dictate terms at will.
FROM
Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661
Bodleian Library, University of Oxford
Edward Edwards, 2005
Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32
Extent: 464 pages
https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
Sir William Rider -- L&M Companion: Kt 1661 (d. 1669). Baltic merchant and navy contractor. https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
Nicholas Hurleston -- was from a family of mariners and seamen with its roots in Sandwich, Kent. He was resident in Redriff, Surrey.
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
About Nicholas Hurlestone
San Diego Sarah • Link
Captain Nicholas Hurlestone (b. ?, d. ?) was from a family of mariners and seamen with its roots in Sandwich, Kent. He was resident in Redriff, Surrey.
He was connected with the Moyer family of mariners of Leigh, Essex and Limehouse, Essex, through his marriage to Anna Moyer, who was the daughter of the mariner James (c. 1585 -1636/37) and Lydia Moyer.
Nicholas Hurleston was thus the son-in-law of James Moyer the elder, and brother-in-law of 4 Moyer merchants and/or mariners active in the 1640 to 1680 period - Lawrence, Samuel, James [the younger], and William Moyer.
Hurleston had married Anna Moyer prior to 1637, since James Moyer the elder, when writing his will, mentioned "my sonne Nicholas Hurlstone."
In James Moyer the younger's will, written in 1661, the younger James mentioned his brother "Captain Nicholas Hurlestone," together with Nicholas' sons, Nicholas and Richard, and Nicholas' then unmarried daughters, Lydia, Rebecca, Sarah, and Elizabeth.
Capt. Hurlestone provides an example of the difficulties which occur when attempting to assess social status of commercially-active people and families in 17th century England.
Descriptions by contemporaries and by later 18th century commentators which imply status can vary widely for the same individual and family. In the case of Nicholas Hurlestone he is described at various times and places in his career as "Captain Hurlestone", "Nicholas Hurlestone,gent., of Redriff," and "Nicholas Hurlestone, esq."
http://www.marinelives.org/wiki/M…
About Monday 10 June 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
H. Williams to Sandwich
Date: 10 June 1661
Shelfmark: MS. Carte 73, fol(s). 517
Document type: Holograph
Solicits a recommendation of a certain matter, on which he had conferred with his Lordship, to the Lord Chamberlain.
Adds, in a PS.: That this day the Act of Oblivion has passed our House [of Commons] "thanks [to our] Gracious Sovereign, "whose letter did require it."
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"... our House ..." makes me think this was possibly Sir Henry Williams MP, 2nd Bt. (c.1635-66), of Gwernyfed, Aberllynfi, Brec. -- https://www.historyofparliamenton…
FROM
Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661
Bodleian Library, University of Oxford
Edward Edwards, 2005
Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32
Extent: 464 pages
https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
You may have seen a mini-series about the Williams family and how their fortunes rose and fell with the Stuart kings.
The Stuarts: A Bloody Reign
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt8670…
@@@
I was thinking this was mis-dated, but Parliament wasn't sitting on June 10, 1660.
As you can see from Phil's links, there was nothing about the Act of Oblivion, or a reading of a letter from Charles II, on this day in Westminster.
It still may be mis-dated; ideas anyone?
About Thursday 13 June 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
M. Fresendorff to Sandwich
Written from: London
Date: 13 June 1661
Shelfmark: MS. Carte 73, fol(s). 519
Document type: Original; subscribed and signed, with a P.S. in the writer's autograph. With a seal of arms.
Congratulates his Lordship on his solemn embassy to Portugal.
Solicits permission for a cousin of his own who has travelled much, and has fitted himself for public employment, to wait upon him in that embassy.
Subscribed and signed; with a P.S. in the writer's autograph.
FROM
Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661
Bodleian Library, University of Oxford
Edward Edwards, 2005
Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32
Extent: 464 pages
https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
@@@
The Friesendorff family, also spelled von Friesendorff is an old Swedish noble family of German origin.
Riksfriherre Sir Johan Fredrik von Friesendorff, 1st Baronet (1617–1669) was a Swedish diplomat born in Bremen.
His ability was recognised by the Swedish Lord High Treasurer Gabriel Oxenstierna, and he was appointed as Swedish resident in Portugal by him in 1649, and then appointed as a member of the Swedish Cabinet 4 years later.
In 1656 he married Margareta Elisabet Gärffelt.
Shrewd and with a thorough knowledge of cabinet and trade secrets, he was used by the Swedish state in many negotiations and diplomatic endeavours, including finishing an alliance with England in 1661, when he was also dubbed an English knight and created a baronet by Charles II (under the name of "Sir John Frederick van Freisendorf").
A few years later he was appointed Reichsfreiherr by the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold, and was also given the titles Counsellor of the Court and member of the National Board of Trade in Sweden.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joh…
About Saturday 29 June 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
Philip Packer to Sandwich
Written from: Westminster
Date: 29 June 1661
Shelfmark: MS. Carte 73, fol(s). 540
Document type: Holograph
Thanks the Admiral for a fair ornament which he has been pleased to bestow on the writer's "little Tabernacle".
Reports progress of various building works in hand for his lordship... Adds the humble service of Sir Humphry Wynche and his Lady, as well as that of some relatives of his own.
@@@
My guess is that Mr. Packer is renovating The Wardrobe.
FROM
Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661
Bodleian Library, University of Oxford
Edward Edwards, 2005
Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32
Extent: 464 pages
https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
About Monday 17 June 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
Diary of Ralph Josselin (Private Collection)
17.6.1661 (Monday 17 June 1661)
document 70013115
"17. our lower meadows overflown, the flood was considerably great. kitchen chimney beg[un]"
@@@
Essex is pretty flat, so flooded rivers affect large areas.
About Monday 17 June 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
I really don't understand why Parliament hated the Quakers so much -- the House of Commons today:
"Quakers, &c.
"A Bill for the preventing the Mischiefs and Dangers that may arise by certain Persons called Quakers, and other Schismaticks, was this Day read the First time.
"Resolved, That the same be read again, the Second time, on Thursday next."
Apparently not all non-conformists are created equal.
About Thursday 29 August 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
Samuel Pepys to Sandwich
Written from: Lincoln's Inn Fields
Date: 29 August 1661
Shelfmark: MS. Carte 73, fol(s). 585
Document type: Holograph
Mentions family news [see MS. Carte 73, fol. 581].
States that the present season is generally sickly both in town & country; "Even to a contagion, or very neere it" ... "The known Dr. Fuller (of the Holy War) is dead" ... "All but Church matters are very quiet, & them [sic], especially in Scotland, make great noise".
Mentions the delay of the fleet for Lisbon, "through want of tidings from Portugal".
FROM
Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661
Bodleian Library, University of Oxford
Edward Edwards, 2005
Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32
Extent: 464 pages
https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
About Sunday 2 June 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
Nicholas Pedley to Sandwich
Written from: Huntingdon
Date: 2 June 1661
Shelfmark: MS. Carte 73, fol(s). 515
Document type: Holograph.
Addressed to the Earl, "at the Great Wardrobe".
Expresses his perplexity of mind in relation to a certain "small concernment of money in his hands." If he pay it according to order, he fears "some murmur or clamour may arise upon your honour and my Lord Mandeville." The question at issue appears to have been matter of pending litigation.
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Sandwich is Mandeville's cousin. Presumably Nicholas Pedley would like to pay some long-outstanding obligation, and rather than risk a confrontation which could land someone in prison for harrassing members of the nobility, he is politely reminding Sandwich and his cousin of this debt. (We will see examples of this 'privilege' later.) Hopefully Sandwich takes care of at least his portion of the bill, or Pepys could find the problem/law suit on his desk to solve in the next few months.
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
From:
Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661
Bodleian Library, University of Oxford
Edward Edwards, 2005
Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32
Extent: 464 pages
https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
About Friday 5 July 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
Sandwich's log:
"July 5th. Friday. The Governor of Malaga, the Conde de Torrino, came and dined aboard me, and the Duke of Tursis was then in the mole with 4 Genoa gallies."
Copied from
The Journal of Edward Mountagu,
First Earl of Sandwich
Admiral and General-at-Sea 1659 - 1665
Edited by RC Anderson
Printed for the Navy Records Society
MDCCCCXXIX
Section III - Mediterranean 1661/62
Genoa Galleys were rowed by slaves -- by the 1670's, had Pepys continued the Diary, we would have am encyclopedia page for Malta because Charles II tried to adopt the Genoa Galley ship design (complete with slaves because volunteers couldn't be incentivized to row hard enough) to fight the Barbary Pirates, and Adm. Narborough needed to use their ports. If you are intrigued by a much bigger picture, here's a chapter which will fill in the blanks: https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar…
The mole -- another word for wharf or breakwater protecting the harbor from big waves.
The Governor of Malaga, the Conde de Torrino, seems to be an hereditory position, and I haven't found a convenient page for this particular man.
The Duke of Tursis -- the Doria family had a fabulous mansion in Genia -- https://www.museidigenova.it/en/p…
About Thursday 4 July 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
Sandwich's log:
"July 4th. Thursday. We came to an anchor in the Malaga Road about noon."
Copied from
The Journal of Edward Mountagu,
First Earl of Sandwich
Admiral and General-at-Sea 1659 - 1665
Edited by RC Anderson
Printed for the Navy Records Society
MDCCCCXXIX
Section III - Mediterranean 1661/62
Malaga, Spain https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
About Malaga, Spain
San Diego Sarah • Link
The Port of Malaga was founded by Phoenicians from Tyre in around 1000 BC. The name Malaka is probably derived from the Phoenician word for salt because fish was salted on the first dock .... This first dock was a single waterfront quay parallel to the shore and extending for about 500 metres from the Palacio de la Aduana to the Jardines de Puerta Oscura.
By Roman times Malaga had become an important export port for minerals, pottery, almonds, wine and oil. An Iberian delicacy was fish prepared with garum, large quantities of which were also exported to Rome.
Trade continued to grow, peaking when Malaga (now Mālaqah was declared the capital of the Islamic kingdom of Granada.
When the kingdom passed into Catholic control in 1487 the port assumed a strategic importance as an embarkation point for Spanish soldiers in the conquest of the Rif, Melilla, Peñon de Velez and Oran, and was renamed the Port of Málaga.
The Port of Málaga grew swiftly throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, establishing itself as Spain's major export port for cereals and manufactures during the Habsburg and Enlightenment eras.
In 1720 Philip V appointed French engineer Bartolome Thurus to prepare a project of port expansion for commercial and military needs, culminating in the construction of both the East Dock and the New Quay.
The first lighthouse was built in 1814.
More at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Por…
About Monday 1 July 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
Sandwich's log:
"July 1st. Monday. In the afternoon we made the Cape St. Vincent."
Copied from
The Journal of Edward Mountagu,
First Earl of Sandwich
Admiral and General-at-Sea 1659 - 1665
Edited by RC Anderson
Printed for the Navy Records Society
MDCCCCXXIX
Section III - Mediterranean 1661/62
Cape St. Vincent (37deg N Latitude) or Cabo de São Vicente in Portuguese is the southwestern point of Portugal and continental Europe. The dramatic landscape and breathtaking views make the cape one of the not-to-miss places in the Algarve. It's also known as the End of the World.
https://thealgarvefamily.com/cabo…
About Saturday 29 June 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
Sandwich's log:
"29th. Saturday. In the morning early we were fair by the Burlings within 2 leagues."
Copied from
The Journal of Edward Mountagu,
First Earl of Sandwich
Admiral and General-at-Sea 1659 - 1665
Edited by RC Anderson
Printed for the Navy Records Society
MDCCCCXXIX
Section III - Mediterranean 1661/62
The Burlings -- The Berlengas are a Portuguese archipelago consisting of small Atlantic islands 10 to 17 kilometres (6.2–10.6 miles) off the coast of Peniche, Portugal, in the Oeste region. These islands were traditionally known to British mariners as "the Burlings".
The only inhabited island is its largest island, Berlenga Grande, although there is currently no permanent habitation in the archipelago. The other islands are in two groups of islets, the Estelas Islets and the Farilhões-Forcados Islets.
Human occupation on Berlenga Grande dates back to antiquity: the islands are referred to in Ptolemy's Geography as Λονδοβρίς (Londobris).
Much later it was referred to as the island of Saturno by Roman geographers, and was visited successively by Muslims, Vikings and privateers.
The islands are thought to be a former sacred place adopted by the Phoenicians in the 1st millennium BC where the cult of Baal–Melqart was celebrated.
In 1513, with the support of Queen Eleanor of Viseu, monks from the Order of São Jerónimo established the Monastery of the Misericórdia da Berlenga, on the island to offer assistance to navigation and victims of frequent shipwrecks. The monastery remained until the 16th century, when disease, lack of supplies and poor communication (due to constant inclement weather) forced the monks to abandon their service.
After the Portuguese Restoration War, during the reign of King John IV, the council of war determined that the demolition of the Monastery of the Misericórdia da Berlenga ruins, and the use of its rocks to build a coastal defense would help protect the coastal settlements. The Fort of São João Baptista das Berlengas was constructed from the remnants of the monastery ruins.
By 1655, the fort had already, during its construction, resisted an assault by three Barbary Coast pirates.
The island's lighthouse (dubbed Duke of Braganza by locals) was constructed in 1841.
More info from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ber…
About Thursday 27 June 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
Sandwich's log:
"27th. Thursday. At sunset Capt. Bennett went off from the fleet to Lisbon to the King of Portugal in the Martin frigate with the King of England's letter. About 9 oclock, by an observation we made of the Scorpion's heart, we found that we were in 41 degrees 18' of latitude."
Copied from
The Journal of Edward Mountagu,
First Earl of Sandwich
Admiral and General-at-Sea 1659 - 1665
Edited by RC Anderson
Printed for the Navy Records Society
MDCCCCXXIX
Section III - Mediterranean 1661/62
The Martin frigate -- https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
The King of Portugal was Alfonso VI -- https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
The constellation Scorpius with the red star Antares at the Scorpion’s Heart. -- https://earthsky.org/brightest-st…
About Saturday 22 June 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
Sandwich's log:
"22nd. Saturday. At 8 oclock in the morning we were 8 leagues off the Lizard, it bearing from us N.N.E."
Copied from
The Journal of Edward Mountagu,
First Earl of Sandwich
Admiral and General-at-Sea 1659 - 1665
Edited by RC Anderson
Printed for the Navy Records Society
MDCCCCXXIX
Section III - Mediterranean 1661/62
The Lizard -- most southwestern point of Cornwall)
About Thursday 20 June 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
Sandwich's log:
"20th. Thursday. In the morning, about 8 oclock, a Council of War was called aboard. Our rendezvous agreed to be in the Channel Torbay. in the Staits Malaga. The fleet to be put to short allowances 6 to 4. Fighting and sailing instructions given out. Our course shaped along the Channel, W.S.W."
Copied from
The Journal of Edward Mountagu,
First Earl of Sandwich
Admiral and General-at-Sea 1659 - 1665
Edited by RC Anderson
Printed for the Navy Records Society
MDCCCCXXIX
Section III - Mediterranean 1661/62
Do any of our naval/sailing annotators know about the straits near Malaga? My google librarian thinks I'm asking about the Malay Peninsula. This has nothing to do with Torbay, Devon.
It was necessary for Sandwich to brief all the Captains about their true destination in case a storm or fighting breaks up the fleet.
But I wonder why he cut rations for no apparent reason -- unless they were short all ready.