You're right: 107£. 15s. indicates construction or a remodel more than a repair, Stephane.
Maybe this was a winko entry by Pepys' friend, the landlord Slingsby? A little creative bookkeeping -- by saying it was for repairing the roof (undoubtedly a landlord function) avoided saying the sum was mostly for installing a beautiful staircase and remodelling the interior access to the second floor (1st floor in British English) which auditors might question. Since Slingsby wants to live there himself, he has a reason to approve the beautification of the property.
I was wondering how Pepys increased his net worth at this time. From 15 February, 1661, it went from 350l. [that's 54,168l. in 2023 terms] to 500l. [or 77,383l. in 2023 values] on 24 May 1661 AND pay for this work. https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
Charles II to the Lords Justices of Ireland Written from: Whitehall Date: 20 November 1661 Shelfmark: MS. Carte 42, fol(s). 453 Document type: Original
Renews an order for giving to Col. Cary Dillon the command of the first Troop of Horse that shall become vacant in the Standing Army of Ireland.
The Carte Collection gives us ideas of Cary Dillon's activities after he returned to Ireland:
Charles II to the Lords Justices of Ireland Written from: Whitehall Date: 31 October 1661 Shelfmark: MS. Carte 42, fol(s). 425 Document type: Original [with record of enrolment]
Satisfaction to be made to Col. Cary Dillon [later 5th Earl of Roscommon] in respect of the Privy Seal, for lands in Ireland to the value of 200l.s, per annum, granted to his late father [Robert, 2nd] Earl of Roscommon by the late King, and bequeathed to Cary Dillon aforesaid by the grantee, or an equivalent to be provided, whereto the Justices are hereby empowered. ________________________________________ Encloses Petition of Col. Cary Dillon to Charles II Date: 1661 Shelfmark: MS. Carte 42, fol(s). 429 Document type: Original
Recites the purport of a Letter of Privy Seal of King Charles I, bearing date 14 July, 1641, directing a grant of lands in Ireland to petitioner's father; and the circumstances under which the grantee failed to receive the benefit thereof ... Prays an order for perfecting the grant aforesaid.
@@@
The Lords Justices of Ireland were the Lord Chancellor of Ireland, Sir Maurice Eustace; Roger Boyle, 1st Earl of Orrery, President of the Province of Munster; and Charles Coote, 1st Earl of Mountrath.
This Day Mr. Secretary Morrice delivered to Mr. Speaker a Letter from his Majesty: Which Mr. Speaker [OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS] opened, and read; the Tenor whereof is as followeth:
Superscribed, "To Our Trusty and Well-beloved Sir Edward Turner, Knight, Speaker of Our House of Commons: To be communicated to the House."
Charly R [THAT'S HOW IT IS IN THE TRANSCRIPT - SDS]
TRUSTY and Well-beloved, We greet you well.
At the Opening Our Parliament, you were told, that We had a great Desire this Summer to make a Progress through some Parts of Our Kingdom; which We resolve to begin, in Devotion, to Our City of Worcester, that we may pour out our Thanks to God for Our Deliverance there; and the Season of the Year quickens Us in that Inclination, as We presume it disposes you to a Desire to withdraw from this City, and to visit your Countries:
But you may remember, We told you then, that We had caused some Bills to be prepared for you, for Confirmation of what We enacted at Our last Meeting: And We said all We could to you, of the Value We set upon the Act of Indemnity, as We have great Reason to do; and if We could have used stronger Expressions to have conjured you speedily to have dispatched it, We assure you We would have done it.
And We did think, what We said would have made an Impression in all, who profess a Desire to serve Us; and therefore We expected every Day, that the same Bill would have been presented to Us, for another Assent.
We must confess, We hear, you have shewed great Affection to Us, since your coming together; and that you have already prepared and passed some very good Bills (for which We heartily thank you) that are ready for the Royal Assent:
Yet We cannot but tell you, that though We are enough concerned to expedite those Bills, We have no mind to pass them, till the Act of Indemnity be likewise presented to Us; upon which (if you take Our Word) most of Our Quiet and Good depends; and in which, We are sure, Our Honour is concerned: Therefore We must again, and as earnestly as is possible, conjure you, to use all possible Expedition, in the Passing that Act, in the same Terms We already passed it; to which We take Ourselves obliged; and that you will, for the present, lay aside all private Business, that so, betaking yourselves only to the Publick, you may be ready to adjourn by the Middle of the next Month, which will best suit with all Our Occasions.
And so, not doubting of your Readiness to comply with Us, in these Our just and necessary Desires, We bid you heartily Farewell.
Given at Our Court at Whitehall, the 21th Day of June 1661, in the Thirteenth Year of our Reign.
Will. Morice.
@@@
I have searched for a 1661 Indemnity Act, but it must have another name in the final passage. So I can't fill in the details of what this is about. I have broken the copy down into paragraphs for ease of reading.
More musings on Pepys' lack of friends -- because we are rereading the beginning of the Diary now, a time when he has friends all over the place. He went to great lengths not to loose them when, by good fortune, he became an Esqure. But time has whittled them down to the point Pepys now has to travel with the likes of William Joyce for safety -- he must be suffering!
"To use the highway in 17th-century England was to risk armed robbery: highwaymen were endemic. As the century wore on, the public grew particularly concerned with the alarming number of dastardly robbers who would stop travellers on England’s roads and demand that they ‘stand and deliver’ – the phrase was indeed the standard form of request – their goods. "Such incidents were well documented – and sensationalised – by the media. The 18th-century exploits of Jack Sheppard and Dick Turpin have gained lasting notoriety, but the lives and deaths of highwaymen were a publishing staple from the beginning of the 17th century. "In such stories, highwaymen were often presented as semi-heroic: gallant men who abhorred violence and stole from the rich to give to the poor. Highwaymen such as James Hind (who may, or may not, have helped Charles II escape capture by the Roundheads following the second Battle of Worcester in 1651) repeatedly insisted that they disapproved of the ‘shedding of bloud unjustly’ and that they never did ‘wrong any poorman of the worth of a penny’ (as told in 'True and Perfect Relation of the Taking of Captain James Hind, 1651')." https://www.historytoday.com/arch…
"July 26th. Friday. About noon we fell about 6 leagues to the eastward of Cape Tenez * on the Barbary Coast."
* A cape 80 miles west of Algiers.
Copied from The Journal of Edward Mountagu, First Earl of Sandwich Admiral and General-at-Sea 1659 - 1665
Edited by RC Anderson Printed for the Navy Records Society MDCCCCXXIX
Section III - Mediterranean 1661/62
@@@
Ténès, town, northern Algeria. A small Mediterranean Sea port, it is built on the site of the ancient Phoenician and Roman colonies of Catenna. Ruins of the Roman colony’s ramparts and tombs remain, and the Roman cisterns are still in use. Old Ténès, probably founded in 875 CE by Spanish colonists, belonged to the city of Tlemcen from 1299 until its capture by the corsair Khayr al-Dīn (Barbarossa) in 1517. It was occupied by the French in 1843... https://www.britannica.com/place/…
I think a packet here refers to a small, fast ship from the fleet carrying dispatches. I don't think Sandwich would have entrusted his dispatches -- even using cypher -- to the likes of Thurn and Taxis. https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
Dirk contributed this information about the European mail service:
"Thurn & Taxis"
Thurn & Taxis operated a connection Calais-London and a mail boat Dunkerque-Dover from somewhere around 1600 (could't find the exact dates). The "rapid" service over land Granada-Brussels was guaranteed to take no more than 15 days. I don't know about Alicante. In the 1600's T&T were responsible for postal services from Spain to the outside world (and vice versa), as far as Brussels, Prague, Vienna and Venice, as well as transit mail for Russia and Scandinavia.
Thurn & Taxis and English mail
By sheer coincidence, data on mail volumes from Britain to the continent in 1661/1662 are still available in T&T archives. (It just happens that the average mail volume 1661/1662 was used at a later date as a reference for determining continental postage rates for British letters.)
British mail would normally arrive in the port of Antwerp by mail boat (8 boats per month). There a first sorting took place: mail for north and central Europe and Italy was distributed further through Antwerp, mail for France and Spain went to Brussels (1/2 day away from Antwerp) and was sent through from there. There were normally 2 post rides a week.
We also know that e.g. the continental postage rate from Antwerp to Venice for a letter coming from Britain was 9d in 1678 -- to be added to the local postage in Britain itself in order to obtain the total cost for the sender -- so quite expensive really...
Source: "De Post van Thurn und Taxis - La Poste des Tour et Tassis", Brussels, 1992
"July 9th. Tuesday. About 8 oclock at night we were about 4 leagues westward of Cape Tenez."
Copied from The Journal of Edward Mountagu, First Earl of Sandwich Admiral and General-at-Sea 1659 - 1665
Edited by RC Anderson Printed for the Navy Records Society MDCCCCXXIX
Section III - Mediterranean 1661/62
@@@
Ténès, town, northern Algeria. A small Mediterranean Sea port, it is built on the site of the ancient Phoenician and Roman colonies of Catenna. Ruins of the Roman colony’s ramparts and tombs remain, and the Roman cisterns are still in use. Old Ténès, probably founded in 875 CE by Spanish colonists, belonged to the city of Tlemcen from 1299 until its capture by the corsair Khayr al-Dīn (Barbarossa) in 1517. It was occupied by the French in 1843. https://www.britannica.com/place/…
Capt. Richard Beachy to Sandwich Written from: Date: 5 August 1661 Shelfmark: MS. Carte 75, fol(s). 61 Document type: Holograph. Endorsed: "Advice from Captain Beachye, in the Baye of Algiers, August 5, 1661".
Recommends that speedy advices be sent to the Newfoundland ships of the war with Algiers; that certain frigates of a specified armament be better manned than they are at present; and that certain others, that are good sailors, be speedily sent to Lisbon to refit and re-victual. Adds other suggestions for the greater efficiency of the Fleet.
FROM: Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661 Bodleian Library, University of Oxford Edward Edwards, 2005 Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32 Extent: 464 pages https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
"From 1661 to 1664, the Dutch sent Michiel de Ruyter and Cornelis Tromp on several expeditions to Algiers in an attempt to make the Algerians accept the free ships, free goods principle.
"Although the Algerians had accepted the principle in 1663, they reneged a year later. De Ruyter was again dispatched to Algiers, but the beginning of hostilities with England, leading up to the Second Anglo-Dutch War, cut his mission short.
"A peace agreement signed in 1679 was the result of four years of negotiations, and until 1686, precariously maintained peace for Dutch trade with southern Europe, at the price of tribute to Algiers in the form of cannons, gunpowder and naval stores, which France and England both condemned.
"But peace did not last. Between 1714 and 1721 ..."
"English admiral Robert Mansell led an expedition in 1621 that sent burning fireships into the fleet moored in Algiers. It failed to take Algiers, and Mansell was recalled to England on 24 May 1621.
"King James I negotiated directly with the pasha of Algiers in 1622 but more than 3,000 Englishmen remained enslaved in Algiers.
"A fleet under Adm. Blake managed to sink several Tunisian ships, which convinced Algiers to sign a peace treaty with Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell.
"England introduced a series of anti-counterfeiting and mandatory "Algerian passports" on southbound merchant ships to guarantee each ship's authentic registry to Algerian pirate vessels.
"Fighting with a combined Anglo-Dutch force in 1670 cost Algiers several ships and 2,200 sailors near Cape Spartel, and English ships burned 7 other ships in Béjaïa. A regime change in Algiers ensued.
"From 1674 to 1681 Algiers captured around 350 ships and 3,000 to 5,000 slaves. But since the French were also attacking them, they signed a peace treaty with Charles II on 10 April, 1682, in which he recognised that his subjects were slaves in Algiers." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/His…
FROM: Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661 Bodleian Library, University of Oxford Edward Edwards, 2005 Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32 Extent: 464 pages https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
Lady Anne Crew Wright [sister-in-law of Sandwich, married to Sir Henry Wright] to Sandwich Written from: Dagenhames [Essex] Date: 10 August 1661 Shelfmark: MS. Carte 73, fol(s). 573 Document type: Holograph
Thanks for kindness shown. Announces her accouchement of a daughter, who will live, she hopes, to be of service, in her capacity, to Lord Sandwich's family ... French.
"... no news yet from my Lord where he is." Last we heard Sandwich was at Malaga, Spain.
William Blunden to Sandwich [Blunden was the English Consul to Alicante] Written from: Alicant [Alicante, Spain] https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl… Date: 7/14 August 1661 Shelfmark: MS. Carte 73, fol(s). 552 Document type: Holograph
Has received despatches from his lordship, and will carefully obey his commands. Herewith the earl will receive a letter from his Catholic Majesty and one from the Governor of Alicant [Diego Sanz de La Moza]. The writer enclosed a copy [not now appended] of a letter from the same king to the Viceroy of Valencia. Adds some passages of naval news, and advices ...
FROM: Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661 Bodleian Library, University of Oxford Edward Edwards, 2005 Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32 Extent: 464 pages https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
@@@
The Most Catholic Majesty was the King of Spain. The Most Christian Majesty was the King of France.
The Viceroy of Valencia (1659–1663) was Manuel Pérez de los Cobos, Marqués de Camarasa: He was also a Grandee of Spain, and Viceroy of Sardinia (1665-1668), where he was assassinated in 1668. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man…
Comments
Third Reading
About Monday 24 June 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
You're right: 107£. 15s. indicates construction or a remodel more than a repair, Stephane.
Maybe this was a winko entry by Pepys' friend, the landlord Slingsby?
A little creative bookkeeping -- by saying it was for repairing the roof (undoubtedly a landlord function) avoided saying the sum was mostly for installing a beautiful staircase and remodelling the interior access to the second floor (1st floor in British English) which auditors might question. Since Slingsby wants to live there himself, he has a reason to approve the beautification of the property.
I was wondering how Pepys increased his net worth at this time.
From 15 February, 1661, it went from 350l. [that's 54,168l. in 2023 terms] to 500l. [or 77,383l. in 2023 values] on 24 May 1661 AND pay for this work.
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
About Col. Cary Dillon
San Diego Sarah • Link
Charles II to the Lords Justices of Ireland
Written from: Whitehall
Date: 20 November 1661
Shelfmark: MS. Carte 42, fol(s). 453
Document type: Original
Renews an order for giving to Col. Cary Dillon the command of the first Troop of Horse that shall become vacant in the Standing Army of Ireland.
About Col. Cary Dillon
San Diego Sarah • Link
The Carte Collection gives us ideas of Cary Dillon's activities after he returned to Ireland:
Charles II to the Lords Justices of Ireland
Written from: Whitehall
Date: 31 October 1661
Shelfmark: MS. Carte 42, fol(s). 425
Document type: Original [with record of enrolment]
Satisfaction to be made to Col. Cary Dillon [later 5th Earl of Roscommon] in respect of the Privy Seal, for lands in Ireland to the value of 200l.s, per annum, granted to his late father [Robert, 2nd] Earl of Roscommon by the late King, and bequeathed to Cary Dillon aforesaid by the grantee, or an equivalent to be provided, whereto the Justices are hereby empowered.
________________________________________
Encloses
Petition of Col. Cary Dillon to Charles II
Date: 1661
Shelfmark: MS. Carte 42, fol(s). 429
Document type: Original
Recites the purport of a Letter of Privy Seal of King Charles I, bearing date 14 July, 1641, directing a grant of lands in Ireland to petitioner's father; and the circumstances under which the grantee failed to receive the benefit thereof ...
Prays an order for perfecting the grant aforesaid.
@@@
The Lords Justices of Ireland were the Lord Chancellor of Ireland, Sir Maurice Eustace; Roger Boyle, 1st Earl of Orrery, President of the Province of Munster; and Charles Coote, 1st Earl of Mountrath.
About Saturday 22 June 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
The King wants to go on his vacation:
This Day Mr. Secretary Morrice delivered to Mr. Speaker a Letter from his Majesty: Which Mr. Speaker [OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS] opened, and read; the Tenor whereof is as followeth:
Superscribed, "To Our Trusty and Well-beloved Sir Edward Turner, Knight, Speaker of Our House of Commons: To be communicated to the House."
Charly R [THAT'S HOW IT IS IN THE TRANSCRIPT - SDS]
TRUSTY and Well-beloved, We greet you well.
At the Opening Our Parliament, you were told, that We had a great Desire this Summer to make a Progress through some Parts of Our Kingdom; which We resolve to begin, in Devotion, to Our City of Worcester, that we may pour out our Thanks to God for Our Deliverance there; and the Season of the Year quickens Us in that Inclination, as We presume it disposes you to a Desire to withdraw from this City, and to visit your Countries:
But you may remember, We told you then, that We had caused some Bills to be prepared for you, for Confirmation of what We enacted at Our last Meeting: And We said all We could to you, of the Value We set upon the Act of Indemnity, as We have great Reason to do; and if We could have used stronger Expressions to have conjured you speedily to have dispatched it, We assure you We would have done it.
And We did think, what We said would have made an Impression in all, who profess a Desire to serve Us; and therefore We expected every Day, that the same Bill would have been presented to Us, for another Assent.
We must confess, We hear, you have shewed great Affection to Us, since your coming together; and that you have already prepared and passed some very good Bills (for which We heartily thank you) that are ready for the Royal Assent:
Yet We cannot but tell you, that though We are enough concerned to expedite those Bills, We have no mind to pass them, till the Act of Indemnity be likewise presented to Us; upon which (if you take Our Word) most of Our Quiet and Good depends; and in which, We are sure, Our Honour is concerned: Therefore We must again, and as earnestly as is possible, conjure you, to use all possible Expedition, in the Passing that Act, in the same Terms We already passed it; to which We take Ourselves obliged; and that you will, for the present, lay aside all private Business, that so, betaking yourselves only to the Publick, you may be ready to adjourn by the Middle of the next Month, which will best suit with all Our Occasions.
And so, not doubting of your Readiness to comply with Us, in these Our just and necessary Desires, We bid you heartily Farewell.
Given at Our Court at Whitehall, the 21th Day of June 1661, in the Thirteenth Year of our Reign.
Will. Morice.
@@@
I have searched for a 1661 Indemnity Act, but it must have another name in the final passage. So I can't fill in the details of what this is about.
I have broken the copy down into paragraphs for ease of reading.
About Friday 5 August 1664
San Diego Sarah • Link
More musings on Pepys' lack of friends -- because we are rereading the beginning of the Diary now, a time when he has friends all over the place. He went to great lengths not to loose them when, by good fortune, he became an Esqure. But time has whittled them down to the point Pepys now has to travel with the likes of William Joyce for safety -- he must be suffering!
"To use the highway in 17th-century England was to risk armed robbery: highwaymen were endemic. As the century wore on, the public grew particularly concerned with the alarming number of dastardly robbers who would stop travellers on England’s roads and demand that they ‘stand and deliver’ – the phrase was indeed the standard form of request – their goods.
"Such incidents were well documented – and sensationalised – by the media. The 18th-century exploits of Jack Sheppard and Dick Turpin have gained lasting notoriety, but the lives and deaths of highwaymen were a publishing staple from the beginning of the 17th century.
"In such stories, highwaymen were often presented as semi-heroic: gallant men who abhorred violence and stole from the rich to give to the poor. Highwaymen such as James Hind (who may, or may not, have helped Charles II escape capture by the Roundheads following the second Battle of Worcester in 1651) repeatedly insisted that they disapproved of the ‘shedding of bloud unjustly’ and that they never did ‘wrong any poorman of the worth of a penny’ (as told in 'True and Perfect Relation of the Taking of Captain James Hind, 1651')."
https://www.historytoday.com/arch…
About Friday 26 July 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
Sandwich's log -- in the Med.:
"July 26th. Friday. About noon we fell about 6 leagues to the eastward of Cape Tenez * on the Barbary Coast."
* A cape 80 miles west of Algiers.
Copied from
The Journal of Edward Mountagu,
First Earl of Sandwich
Admiral and General-at-Sea 1659 - 1665
Edited by RC Anderson
Printed for the Navy Records Society
MDCCCCXXIX
Section III - Mediterranean 1661/62
@@@
Ténès, town, northern Algeria.
A small Mediterranean Sea port, it is built on the site of the ancient Phoenician and Roman colonies of Catenna. Ruins of the Roman colony’s ramparts and tombs remain, and the Roman cisterns are still in use. Old Ténès, probably founded in 875 CE by Spanish colonists, belonged to the city of Tlemcen from 1299 until its capture by the corsair Khayr al-Dīn (Barbarossa) in 1517. It was occupied by the French in 1843...
https://www.britannica.com/place/…
About Tuesday 23 July 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
Sandwich's log -- Alicante:
"July 23rd. Tuesday. In the morning about 8 of the clock I set sail out of Alicante Road."
Copied from
The Journal of Edward Mountagu,
First Earl of Sandwich
Admiral and General-at-Sea 1659 - 1665
Edited by RC Anderson
Printed for the Navy Records Society
MDCCCCXXIX
Section III - Mediterranean 1661/62
@@@
Alicante, Spain
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
About Monday 22 July 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
Sandwich's log -- Alicante:
"July 22nd. Monday. I sent a packet to Mr. Coventry from Alicante."
Copied from
The Journal of Edward Mountagu,
First Earl of Sandwich
Admiral and General-at-Sea 1659 - 1665
Edited by RC Anderson
Printed for the Navy Records Society
MDCCCCXXIX
Section III - Mediterranean 1661/62
@@@
Alicante, Spain
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
I think a packet here refers to a small, fast ship from the fleet carrying dispatches. I don't think Sandwich would have entrusted his dispatches -- even using cypher -- to the likes of Thurn and Taxis.
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
About General Post Office
San Diego Sarah • Link
Dirk contributed this information about the European mail service:
"Thurn & Taxis"
Thurn & Taxis operated a connection Calais-London and a mail boat Dunkerque-Dover from somewhere around 1600 (could't find the exact dates). The "rapid" service over land Granada-Brussels was guaranteed to take no more than 15 days. I don't know about Alicante. In the 1600's T&T were responsible for postal services from Spain to the outside world (and vice versa), as far as Brussels, Prague, Vienna and Venice, as well as transit mail for Russia and Scandinavia.
Thurn & Taxis and English mail
By sheer coincidence, data on mail volumes from Britain to the continent in 1661/1662 are still available in T&T archives. (It just happens that the average mail volume 1661/1662 was used at a later date as a reference for determining continental postage rates for British letters.)
Averages 1661/1662:
20 080 "single" letters (1/4 ounce),
1 777 "double" letters (1/2 ounce),
1 256 unspecified ounces of mail.
British mail would normally arrive in the port of Antwerp by mail boat (8 boats per month). There a first sorting took place: mail for north and central Europe and Italy was distributed further through Antwerp, mail for France and Spain went to Brussels (1/2 day away from Antwerp) and was sent through from there. There were normally 2 post rides a week.
We also know that e.g. the continental postage rate from Antwerp to Venice for a letter coming from Britain was 9d in 1678 -- to be added to the local postage in Britain itself in order to obtain the total cost for the sender -- so quite expensive really...
Source:
"De Post van Thurn und Taxis - La Poste des Tour et Tassis", Brussels, 1992
About 16, 17, 18, 19 July 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
Sandwich's log -- Alicante:
"July 19th. Friday. In the evening I came again on board my ship, my health much bettered."
Copied from
The Journal of Edward Mountagu,
First Earl of Sandwich
Admiral and General-at-Sea 1659 - 1665
Edited by RC Anderson
Printed for the Navy Records Society
MDCCCCXXIX
Section III - Mediterranean 1661/62
@@@
Alicante, Spain
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
About Monday 8 July 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
Sandwich's log -- in the Alicante road:
"July 12th. Friday. In the morning I went ashore at Alicante to recover my health, being in a high fever."
Copied from
The Journal of Edward Mountagu,
First Earl of Sandwich
Admiral and General-at-Sea 1659 - 1665
Edited by RC Anderson
Printed for the Navy Records Society
MDCCCCXXIX
Section III - Mediterranean 1661/62
@@@
Alicante, Spain
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
Here's a use for some of the 1,000/.s advance Sandwich received
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
About Monday 8 July 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
Sandwich's log -- in the Med.:
"July 11th. Thursday. About noon we came to an anchor in the road of Alicante."
Copied from
The Journal of Edward Mountagu,
First Earl of Sandwich
Admiral and General-at-Sea 1659 - 1665
Edited by RC Anderson
Printed for the Navy Records Society
MDCCCCXXIX
Section III - Mediterranean 1661/62
@@@
Alicante, Spain
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
Remember, sailing ships tack to catch the wind; very rarely can you sail in a straight line between two points -- the wind does not cooperate.
About Monday 8 July 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
Sandwich's log -- in the Med.:
"July 9th. Tuesday. About 8 oclock at night we were about 4 leagues westward of Cape Tenez."
Copied from
The Journal of Edward Mountagu,
First Earl of Sandwich
Admiral and General-at-Sea 1659 - 1665
Edited by RC Anderson
Printed for the Navy Records Society
MDCCCCXXIX
Section III - Mediterranean 1661/62
@@@
Ténès, town, northern Algeria. A small Mediterranean Sea port, it is built on the site of the ancient Phoenician and Roman colonies of Catenna. Ruins of the Roman colony’s ramparts and tombs remain, and the Roman cisterns are still in use. Old Ténès, probably founded in 875 CE by Spanish colonists, belonged to the city of Tlemcen from 1299 until its capture by the corsair Khayr al-Dīn (Barbarossa) in 1517. It was occupied by the French in 1843.
https://www.britannica.com/place/…
About Sunday 7 July 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
Sandwich's log -- Malaga
"July 7th. Sunday. About 6 oclock in the morning we set sail bound for Algiers."
Copied from
The Journal of Edward Mountagu,
First Earl of Sandwich
Admiral and General-at-Sea 1659 - 1665
Edited by RC Anderson
Printed for the Navy Records Society
MDCCCCXXIX
Section III - Mediterranean 1661/62
Distance between Malaga and Algiers is 665 kilometers (413 miles).
For a map of that part of the Med. see
https://www.distancecalculator.ne…
About Saturday 6 July 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
Sandwich's log -- Malaga
"July 6th. Saturday. I sent the Governor the King's letter to the King of Spain and one from myself to the King of Spain."
Copied from
The Journal of Edward Mountagu,
First Earl of Sandwich
Admiral and General-at-Sea 1659 - 1665
Edited by RC Anderson
Printed for the Navy Records Society
MDCCCCXXIX
Section III - Mediterranean 1661/62
@@@
The Governor of Malaga, the Conde de Torrino, seems to be an hereditory position, and I haven't found a specific page for this particular man.
Alfonso VI, King of Spain -- our Portuguese annotator Pedro always calls him "Afonso" --
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
About Monday 5 August 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
Meanwhile, Algiers has turned out to be stubborn.
Capt. Richard Beachy to Sandwich
Written from:
Date: 5 August 1661
Shelfmark: MS. Carte 75, fol(s). 61
Document type: Holograph. Endorsed: "Advice from Captain Beachye, in the Baye of Algiers, August 5, 1661".
Recommends that speedy advices be sent to the Newfoundland ships of the war with Algiers; that certain frigates of a specified armament be better manned than they are at present; and that certain others, that are good sailors, be speedily sent to Lisbon to refit and re-victual.
Adds other suggestions for the greater efficiency of the Fleet.
@@@
Algiers
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
FROM:
Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661
Bodleian Library, University of Oxford
Edward Edwards, 2005
Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32
Extent: 464 pages
https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
About Algiers
San Diego Sarah • Link
The Dutch point-of-view:
"From 1661 to 1664, the Dutch sent Michiel de Ruyter and Cornelis Tromp on several expeditions to Algiers in an attempt to make the Algerians accept the free ships, free goods principle.
"Although the Algerians had accepted the principle in 1663, they reneged a year later. De Ruyter was again dispatched to Algiers, but the beginning of hostilities with England, leading up to the Second Anglo-Dutch War, cut his mission short.
"A peace agreement signed in 1679 was the result of four years of negotiations, and until 1686, precariously maintained peace for Dutch trade with southern Europe, at the price of tribute to Algiers in the form of cannons, gunpowder and naval stores, which France and England both condemned.
"But peace did not last. Between 1714 and 1721 ..."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/His…
About Algiers
San Diego Sarah • Link
Just the British part:
"English admiral Robert Mansell led an expedition in 1621 that sent burning fireships into the fleet moored in Algiers. It failed to take Algiers, and Mansell was recalled to England on 24 May 1621.
"King James I negotiated directly with the pasha of Algiers in 1622 but more than 3,000 Englishmen remained enslaved in Algiers.
"A fleet under Adm. Blake managed to sink several Tunisian ships, which convinced Algiers to sign a peace treaty with Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell.
"England introduced a series of anti-counterfeiting and mandatory "Algerian passports" on southbound merchant ships to guarantee each ship's authentic registry to Algerian pirate vessels.
"Fighting with a combined Anglo-Dutch force in 1670 cost Algiers several ships and 2,200 sailors near Cape Spartel, and English ships burned 7 other ships in Béjaïa.
A regime change in Algiers ensued.
"From 1674 to 1681 Algiers captured around 350 ships and 3,000 to 5,000 slaves. But since the French were also attacking them, they signed a peace treaty with Charles II on 10 April, 1682, in which he recognised that his subjects were slaves in Algiers."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/His…
How could you do that, Charles???????????????????
About Saturday 10 August 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
FROM:
Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661
Bodleian Library, University of Oxford
Edward Edwards, 2005
Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32
Extent: 464 pages
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Lady Anne Crew Wright [sister-in-law of Sandwich, married to Sir Henry Wright] to Sandwich
Written from: Dagenhames [Essex]
Date: 10 August 1661
Shelfmark: MS. Carte 73, fol(s). 573
Document type: Holograph
Thanks for kindness shown.
Announces her accouchement of a daughter, who will live, she hopes, to be of service, in her capacity, to Lord Sandwich's family ...
French.
Lady Anne Crew Wright
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
Dagenhams
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About Wednesday 7 August 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
"... no news yet from my Lord where he is."
Last we heard Sandwich was at Malaga, Spain.
William Blunden to Sandwich [Blunden was the English Consul to Alicante]
Written from: Alicant [Alicante, Spain]
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
Date: 7/14 August 1661
Shelfmark: MS. Carte 73, fol(s). 552
Document type: Holograph
Has received despatches from his lordship, and will carefully obey his commands.
Herewith the earl will receive a letter from his Catholic Majesty and one from the Governor of Alicant [Diego Sanz de La Moza].
The writer enclosed a copy [not now appended] of a letter from the same king to the Viceroy of Valencia.
Adds some passages of naval news, and advices ...
FROM:
Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661
Bodleian Library, University of Oxford
Edward Edwards, 2005
Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32
Extent: 464 pages
https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
@@@
The Most Catholic Majesty was the King of Spain.
The Most Christian Majesty was the King of France.
The Viceroy of Valencia (1659–1663) was Manuel Pérez de los Cobos, Marqués de Camarasa: He was also a Grandee of Spain, and Viceroy of Sardinia (1665-1668), where he was assassinated in 1668.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man…