Through the Post Office passed all manner of political information, of peaceful and warlike opposition to the administration. The inspired cordwainer in Reading who was defended against the county authorities, and even against a King's messenger by the corporation;17 the new mayor of Coventry, a dissenting butcher, formerly Lambert's recruiting agent;18 and the prospective mayor of Preston, a "decimator and sequestrator", whom the loyalists urged the government to arrest or "otherwise handsomely frighten",19 personified the more peaceful endeavors of the rejected party to entrench themselves in the boroughs. 17 Cal. St. P. Dom., 1661-1662, pp. 116-123, passim. 18 Cal. St. P. Dom., 1661-1662, pp. 90 ff. 19 Cal. St. P. Dom., 1661-1662, p. 93.
ADAPTED FROM English Conspiracy and Dissent, 1660-1674 By Wilbur C. Abbott The American Historical Review, Vol. 14, No. 3 (Apr., 1909), pp. 503-528 (26 pages) www.jstor.org/stable/1836444?seq=…
So that's how things stood in Nov. 1661 when the spies had been reporting back rumors all summer long. Then things heated up again: https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
They reported that men looked forward to "another bout," when Anabaptist joined Presbyterian, that dangerous men were coming to the city in large numbers, that even certain royal advisers were implicated in agitation, and that prayers were offered up for "a leader to come and redeem Zion", in such churches as All Hallows the Great and St. Sepulchre's.11 11 Cal. St. P. Dom., 1661-1662, pp. 104 ff.; pp. 73, 81, 110-123 passim.
City authorities were accordingly urged by the court to suppress sedition, to reform the militia and the night watch, and to ensure the return of churchmen and royalists to city offices in the ensuing elections, and these admonitions were accompanied by arrests and the dispersal of meetings on every hand.12 12 Cal. St. P. Dom., 1661-1662, pp. 104 ff.; pp. 73-123 passim, 70, 161, 179.
The investigation soon developed the fact that the Post Office, which almost alone among the public offices had escaped reorganization, was a center of sedition.13 13 Cal. St. P. Dom., 1661-1662, pp. 104 ff.; as above, and pp. 86, 176, etc.
The former headquarters of the republicans had been the Commonwealth Club in Bow Street. This under the same management but under a new name, the Nonsuch House, was the chief resort of the postmaster, Col. [HENRY] Bishop, and many of the clerks, who maintained the republican traditions of the place.14 14 Cal. St. P. Dom., 1661-1662, pp. 104 ff.; pp. 55-57, 86 ff.
Reinforced by similar information against many postmasters throughout England,15 this news roused the administration to action. 15 Cal. St. P. Dom., 1661-1662, pp. 104 ff.; pp. 173, 176, 250, 385.
After violent opposition, Col. Henry Bishop was finally [in 1663] replaced by a follower of the Duke of York, Daniel O'Neale, many clerks and postmasters were dismissed and the service reorganized.16 16 Cal. St. P. Dom., 1661-1662, pp. 104 ff.; 1663-1664, pp. 156-157; ibid., pp. 80, 92, 480; cf. also Jusserand, A French Ambassador at the Court of Charles II., p. 193. [O'Neil may have been a Royalist, but proved incapable of getting the mail delivered -- maybe on purpose?!] https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
In particular every effort was made to stamp out the literature by which the proscribed party sought to rouse its people. “The Mirabilis Annus”, “the Phoenix of the Solemn League and Covenant”,3 “the Book of Prodigies and that of the Wise Virgins”,4 with scores of others, filled with the language of prophecy, shadowed forth the fall of the monarchy and the recall of the godly to power. Printed in secret, smuggled from hand to hand, carried by itinerant booksellers, peddlers and carters, sold from house to house, or secretly at fairs, these found their way everywhere.5 3 Among them John Bunyan. Cal. St. P. Dom., 1661-1662, pp. 54, 235, 426. 4 Among them John Bunyan. Cal. St. P. Dom., 1661-1662, pp. 23, 104, 106, 109, 128, 173, 184. 5 Cf. especially Giles and Elizabeth Calvert "arrested for the usual practices' passim as above.
In 1662 a licenser of the press [Roger L'Estrange] was appointed to repress the evil.6 6 Cal. St. P. Dom., 1670, pp. 369, 502; id., 1661-1662, p. 282. https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
Booksellers and printers, their wives, their apprentices and helpers were arrested, houses searched, carriers' carts overhauled, tracts and books and unbound sheets seized and burned by the thousand.7 7 Cal. St. P. Dom., 1661-1662, pp. 104 ff.; id., 1663, pp. 193, 434 ff.
Sir Roger L'Estrange, the licenser, lately declared that in 3 years he had destroyed editions of 600 such tracts. The printers in many cases made a strong defence. Some of them found powerful patrons, among whom were noted such men as William Howard of Escrick, and even the Presbyterian councillor, Arthur Annesley, 1st Earl of Anglesey.8 8 Cal. St. P. Dom., 1661-1662, pp. 104 ff.; id., 1661, pp. 109, 287, 327. https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl… But as time went on this evil was checked, although it was never quite destroyed.
London was the forefront of offence, and in other matters as the City caused no little uneasiness. In the 1660 elections to Parliament it had returned 4 strong dissenters, and letters then intercepted by the government revealed its hostility to unlimited monarchy and the Episcopacy.9 9 Cal. St. P. Dom., 1661-1662, pp. 104 ff.; id., 1661-1662, p. 396 passim to 418; id., 1660-1661, pp. 535-542.
The spies sent through its streets and environs found their way into public houses to count the men and horses there, into churches and conventicles to note those present and the language used, into the jails to worm secrets from prisoners or enlist them as informers.10 10 Cal. St. P. Dom., 1661-1662, pp. 104 ff.; id., 1661-1662, pp. 81-208 passim 506
The Commonwealthmen had not been idle during the last months of 1660 when the troops were being re-officered, disarmed and disbanded under the stern personal supervision of the Lord Gen. Monck, and that process had not taken place without scattered and ineffective attempts at resistance.
When the Convention Parliament which had recalled Charles II was dissolved in January, 1661, without securing legal guarantees for toleration, its dispersion was signalized by the outbreak of a handful of old Fifth Monarchy soldiers under a London cooper, Venner, which terrorized London for 3 days. https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
Slight as the danger was, Venner’s Uprising produced important results. It enabled the Anglicans as a party of law and order, to secure a larger majority in the Commons during the ensuing elections, than they might otherwise have had. It enabled the crown to fortify itself by the retention of a larger force of troops, by the refurbishing of the old legal weapons against sectaries and disturbance, and by creating a secret service which played no small part in the ensuing events.
Above all Venner’s Uprising roused in the dominant Anglican party a passion of hate and fear, dangerous in itself, doubly dangerous when played on by designing men for their own ends. This spirit was clearly visible in the newly elected House of Commons which met in May, 1661, and in the Savoy Conference of Anglican and dissenting clergy called about the same time to discuss the religious situation. https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
By the middle of July 1661 both Houses had adjourned, and the cause of reaction was seen to be supreme, in the conference where comprehension of the Presbyterians was rejected by the Anglican ecclesiastical authorities no less than toleration of the sects, and in Parliament where the dominant Court party committed itself strongly to church and crown. 1 1 Parl. Hist., IV. 182-222.
After Venner’s Uprising the government spies were active. Meetings of the sectaries were broken up, preachers and petty leaders seized, and hundreds of worshipers, especially Quakers and Anabaptists, thrown into prison.2 2 Among them John Bunyan. Cal. St. P. Dom., 1661-1662, pp. 23, 54, 87. https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/… https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
Above I've posted that Henry Bishop was appointed Post Master in 1660 -- that turned out to be a big mistake, but not for the reason mentioned. Turns out he was not a Royalist. But first, a review of how many things came together -- communications are central:
It was Gen. Monck’s first care on entering the Commonwealth’s Council of State in 1659 to drive from it, from the army and from the Commons the leaders of the extreme party, and the disintegration of that party, long since begun in personal and political rivalries. As soon as matters allowed proscription moderately safe, as many of its leaders as could be secured were arrested. The return of Charles II completed the destruction of the extremists. The army and navy, where the Commonwealthmen were strong, were reduced. The old officers and officials were replaced by Royalists. Of the remaining revolutionary leaders, excluded from indemnity, some fled into exile, some were arrested to die on the scaffold or in prison, the rest were put under bond and surveillance.
By the middle of 1661, of that long list of men who had lent strength to the Cromwellian rule few or none remained alive in England who had not given security to Charles II or entered his service.
No single event of the Restoration was of more importance than this. It was not merely revenge for the past, it was a guarantee for the future. The brain of the extreme party was thus destroyed, the centers of national disaffection removed, and the opposition to the new regime was deprived of those men who alone were able to make it dangerous.
But what of the other thousands, the disbanded soldiers and sailors, the sectaries who saw their dearest liberties threatened by Anglican and Royalist reaction, the lesser officers and officials, the purchasers of lands now reclaimed by church and state? The answer has many times been given. It is essentially that of Pepys' Puritan friend, Blackburne, that wherever was to be found a carter more steady, a blacksmith more industrious, a workman more sober, he was a soldier of the old army.
The mind pictures a citizen soldiery returning to peaceful pursuits, seeking no further triumphs in war or politics. This view of the defeated party has strengthened the idea of the Restoration as an interlude rather than a connecting link between revolutions, an interlude in which the court played the main part and the Puritans remained to furnish material for loyal satire. But it requires no profound study of the history of the Restoration to see that this fails to explain many of its phenomena.
It is the purpose of this paper to consider another element of this fallen party: those who did not quietly submit to their fate during the period of their greatest and most influential activity, the first 12 years of the reign of Charles II.
Careful investigation would have enabled the administration to establish its value without much question. But there was neither time, nor opportunity, nor, one may suspect, inclination, to look too closely into information which was so extremely useful to the dominant party.
The Royalists took full advantage of it.
TO BE CONTINUED ...
ADAPTED FROM English Conspiracy and Dissent, 1660-1674 By Wilbur C. Abbott The American Historical Review, Vol. 14, No. 3 (Apr., 1909), pp. 503-528 (26 pages) www.jstor.org/stable/1836444?seq=…
Of violent designs the administration in the summer of 1661 found little definite trace. Reports of secret meetings, night ridings, fanaticism attendant on the news of the regicide executions, rumors of risings, were the most that could be unearthed.20 20 Staffordshire, Shropshire, Chester, Carlisle, Wilts, Windsor, Lowestoft, Durham, Dublin, Kent, London, etc. Cal. St. P. Dom., 1661, pp. 79-134 passim; id., 1661-1662, pp. 62-212 passim.
But a week before Parliament met [approx. Nov. 13] there came into Secretary Nicholas' hands information of the utmost importance. It was to the effect that on Nov. 10 or 11, 1661, a Richard Churme, of Wichenford, Worcs., had come upon a stranger lying by the roadside sorting letters. When he had gone Churme found a package which had been accidentally dropped, and secured it before the stranger discovered his loss and returned to look for it.
The package was sent to Sir John Packington, J.P. and M.P. for Worcestershire, and, after copies had been made and sent to neighboring magistrates, it was forwarded to London with several examinations taken about it.
The 2 letters enclosed purported to have been written by “Ann Ba" to a Mr. Sparry, parson of Martley, and to a Capt. Yarrington of the old army. They spoke of the need of money, of "the company" having increased to 300, of an oath taken Nov.1, 1661, of news sent to Hereford, Gloucester, Worcester and Shrewsbury, of "a fatal blow against their adversaries," of “hopes for merry days", and "that the business would soon be done ".21 21 Cal. St. P. Dom., 1661-1662, pp. 143-148.
Two persons deposed further that Capt. Yarrington had said he "had a commission to eure people of the simples", that "there would be news ere long", and that Col. Turton's man had said "they" were to rendezvous at Edgehill the night of Nov. 9.
All this was confirmed and enlarged from apparently independent sources,22 and many circumstances combined to heighten the probability of the information. The West country and Midland loyalists were greatly excited. 22 Cal. St. P. Dom., 1661-1662, p. 199.
Alarms were sent in every direction.
Neighboring towns, especially those named in the letters, were put in a state of defence.23 The militia was called out, and many suspicious characters seized. 23 Cal. St. P. Dom., 1661-1662, p. 153.
Parson Sparry and Capt. Yarrington were secured, examined before the Worcester justices, and sent to London. There before the Secretary and the Council they "denied all", and no further results appeared.24 24 Cf. Calamy, Nonconformist Memorials, ed. Palmer, I. 30, 31. ... For Yarrington's examination cf. Cal. St. P. Dom., June 23, 1662, p. 417. For Sparry cf. Calamy ut supra.
Such was the story which made its way through England on the eve of the new session and met the MPs as they came up to London. It was not, on its face, wholly probable.
Apparently our Pepys had a cousin also named Samuel. This statement is posted here because it demonstrates the far-reaching effect of the above Declaration:
A Statement of the Case of Samuel Pepys [as legatee of his father, Richard Pepys, late Chief Justice of Ireland] Date: [1661?] Shelfmark: MS. Carte 68, fol(s). 629 Document type: Copy
A Statement of the Case of Samuel Pepys [as legatee of his father, Richard Pepys, late Chief Justice of Ireland] purchaser from Major Dudley Philips, concerning his claim to certain arrears of military pay for services in Ireland, under the terms of his Majesty's late 'Declaration' for the Settlement of that Kingdom.
FROM: Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661 For more information on the Carte manuscripts and calendar, see the Carte Calendar Project homepage. Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32 Extent: 464 pages https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
We don't know the date for this memorandum, but it shows the concern at Court for the continuing unrest within England:
Certain Proposals humbly offered [by John, Lord Kingston] Date: [1661?] Shelfmark: MS. Carte 44, fol(s). 141-142 Document type: Endorsed, by James Butler, Duke of Ormonde, Lord Steward of his Majesty's Household:
"Lord Kingston's Proposition concerning Phanaticks". Certain Proposals humbly offered [by John, Lord Kingston], conducing to the removal of such persons as may be apprehended likely to disturb the peace & tranquillity of England; to inhabit & improve the waste parts of Ireland; - and answer the scope of his Majesty's 'Declaration' in reference to tender consciences.
FROM Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661 For more information on the Carte manuscripts and calendar, see the Carte Calendar Project homepage. Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32 Extent: 464 pages https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
@@@
John King, 1st Baron Kingston (died 1676) was an Anglo-Irish soldier during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms who served the Commonwealth government during the Interregnum and government of Charles II after the Restoration. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joh…
I found the troublesome Declaration about Ireland of November 30, 1660 which is referred to in the previous annotation. https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
or any of them were at any time heretofore seized or possessed in their own Right, or any other in Trust for them, or to their use, or which at any time heretofore were given and granted, alloted, assigned, distributed, disposed or conveyed to them or any of them, or any other in Trust for them or any of them, or to any other person or per∣sons claiming by, from or under them or any of them in satis∣faction of any Adventures or Arrears due unto them or any of them, or for any other Recompence or Reward whatsoever, but the same and every of them other than the Lands and Tenements given and granted unto Michael Lord Bishop of Cork, and other than the Lands and Tenements hereafter disposed to Francis Lord Anger, shall be and are hereby vested and setled in and upon his Royal Highness James Duke of York and Albain, Earl of Ulster, &c. to have and hold to his said Highness, his Heirs and Assigns, freed, exempted and discharged, so long as the same remain in the possession of his Highness, or his Heirs, of and to from any new or increased Rent, Services and Payments, in and by this Act assessed, imposed and reserved, but with like benefit and advantage of Reprizal in case of restitution as any Adventurer or Souldier by virtue of this present Act may or ought to have, and also with further and other benefit of Reprizal for so much of the premisses as by virtue of the Declaration and Instructions or this present Act shall be held or enjoyed by any Adventurer or Souldier: And if his Royal Highness, or his Heirs shall grant or alien all or any the lands or premisses herein before mentioned, otherwise than by lease or leases for lives or years, upon which the full moyety of the improved Rent shall be re∣served, then so much as shall be aliened or granted, shall be subject to and charged with such Tenures, Rents, Services and other Payments as other Lands by this Act ought to be subject to and charged with. ...
Later you'll hear about Thomas Blood's decades long vendetta against James Butler, Duke of Ormonde. This was the cause -- the Blood family lost their farm.
Provided also, and be it further Enacted by the Authority aforesaid, That Theobald Earl of Garlingford, and Thomas Lord Viscount Dillon, shall be and are hereby restored unto, and vested in all and singular the messuages, manors, lands, tenements and hereditaments respectively, whereof they, or either of them, or any other person or persons to the use of, or in trust for them or either of them, were seized or possessed upon
Page 109 the Two and Twentieth day of October, One thousand Six hundred Forty & one, or at any time since, and that such persons, and their heirs and assigns, to whom any of the lands belonging to the said Earl of Carlingford, and Lord Viscount Dillon, or either of them have been set out, and who are by this Act reprizable for the same, be forthwith reprized out of the first Lands that shall come unto his Majesty in the Province of Connaught or County of Clare, either by the restoring of any persons to their Estates, who we•e formerly transplanted or otherwise, any thing in this Act contained to the contrary notwithstanding.
Later, the enemies list: Page 110 ... Provided alwayes, and it is hereby further Enacted, That nothing in this Act contained shall extend to vest in his Majesty, his Heirs or Successors, any the Honours, Castles, Messuages, Manors, Lands, Tenements and Hereditaments, whereof Oliver Cromwel deceased, Henry Ireton de∣ceased, John Jones deceased, Daniel Axtel deceased, Gregory Clement deceased, Isaac Ewer deceased, John Bradshaw decea∣sed, Thomas Andrews deceased, Thomas Hamond deceased, Sir Hardress Waller, John Hewson, Miles Corbet, Thomas Wogan, Edmond Ludlow, Edward Dendy, John Lisle, William late Lord Mounson, Cornelius Holland, Henry Smith, Owen Row, Edmond Harvy, Nicholas Love, Edward Whaley, Thomas Pride deceased, William Say, Valentine Walton, John Berkstead, Sir Michael Livesey, John Okey, William Gouffe, Thomas Challinor, William Cawley, John Dixwel, Andrew Braughton, Thomas Harrison, Adrian Scroop, John Carew, Thomas Scot, Hugh Peters, Francis Hacker, Isaac Pennington, Henry Martin, Gilbert Millington, Robert Tichburn, Robert Lilborn, John Downs, Vincent Potter, Augustine Garland, George Fleetwood, Simon Mayne, James Temple, Peter Temple, Thomas Wait, Sir John Danvers, John Blackston, Sir William Constable, Richard Dean, Francis Allyn deceased, Peregrine Pelham, John Aldred, alias, Alured, Humphrey Edwards, John Vynn, Anthony Stapely, Thomas Horton, John Frey, James Challiner, Sir Henry Mildmay, Sir James Har∣rington, John Phelps, CONTINUED IN NEXT POST
And for the better prevention of all future Rebellions and to the end Our good Subjects of Ireland may be likewise secured against all Insurrections or Attempts for the time to come, and the said Kingdome be the better planted and improved; Be it further enacted by the Authority aforesaid, That it shall and may be lawful to and for the Lord Lieutenant, or other Chief Governour and Governours and Council of Ireland, for the time being, from time to time, and at all times hereafter, during the space of Seven years, to be accompted from the first of May, One thousand six hundred sixty two, to make and establish such Rules, Orders and Directions, for the better planting with Protestants the Lands by this Act vested in his Majesty, and not appointed to be restored to innocent persons.
And for the better Regulation of Cities, Walled Towns and Corporations, and the electing of Magistrates and Officers there, and to inflict such Penalties for the breach thereof as they in their wisdome shall think fit, so as the Penalties for breach of the Rules of Plantation do not extend further then to treble the Quit-rents due for the Lands, which shall be planted otherwise then those Rules shall direct, the said Penalties to continue and be yearly paid to the King, his Heirs and Successors, till the said Rules of Plantation be performed, and thenceforth the Rent by this Act reserved to be only payable, and so as the Penalties for breach of the Rules to be made touching Corporations, do not extend fur∣ther then to the removal and disfranchizment of such persons as shall be found guilty of the breach thereof, which Rules, Orders and Directions so as aforesaid to be made, shall be as good and effectual in Law to all intents and purposes, as if the same had been established by Authority of this present Parliament, and shall remain, continue and abide in force for such and so long time as in the said Rules, Orders and Directions shall be limited and appointed. ... etc. etc. etc.
Provided alwayes, and be it further Enacted by the Authority aforesaid, That Wentworth Earl of Kildare, his Heirs and Assigns, shall and may have the preemption, and be pre∣ferred unto the purchase of, and enjoy the Forfeited Interests and Estates in and of all such Lands, Tenements and Here∣ditaments by this present Act vested in his Majesty, his Heirs and Successors, and not restored to the former Proprietors as were or are held of or from George late Earl of Kildare, or the said Wentworth Earl of Kildare, or either of them, or of their or any of their Manors, or whereout Chief Rent, Service or Duty was or is reserved unto the said George Earl of Kildare, Wentworth Earl of Kildare, or either of them, as also of any other Lands, Tenements or Hereditaments surrounded by, or intermixt with the said Earl of Kildares Estate, which he the said Earl shall desire by placing thereon such Adventures, Arrears, Decrees, Incumbrances, or other publick Debts or In∣terests as are confirmed and allowed by this present Act, and according to the Tenor thereof are satisfiable thereupon; and that the personal Arrears of George late Earl of Kildare, for Service in Ireland, before the Fifth day of June, One Thou∣sand Six Hundred Forty Nine, be satisfied out of such Forfeited Houses, Lands, Tenements or Hereditaments, and o∣ther Security lyable to the Satisfaction of such Arrears in the County of Kildare, and elsewhere in the Kingdom of Ireland, lying most convenient unto the Estate of the said Earl of Kildare, which he the said Wentworth Earl of Kildare, shall make choice of, all which said Satisfactions are to be made at the same Rates and Proportions, and according to the same Rules as are directed by this Act, in Cases of the like Nature, any thing in this present Act, or any clause therein contained to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding.
Provided alwayes, That nothing in this Act contained, shall prejudice the Right, Title, or Interest of Martin Noel or John Arthur in any the forfeited houses, tenements or hereditaments in the Town of Wexford; And it is hereby Enacted, ...
Another Pepys colleague:
Provided also, and be it further Enacted, That Arthur now Earl of Anglesey, and Lord Viscount Valentia, his Heirs and Assigns, in his and their respective Settlements and Satisfactions pursuant to this Act, shall and may enjoy the ful benefit and advantage of his Majesties respective Gracious Letters in the behalf of the said Lord Viscount Valentia, under his Majesties Royal Signet, Inrolled in his Majesties high Court of Chancery in Ireland, so far forth as the same are consistent with his Majesties said Declaration, any thing in this Act to the contrary notwithstanding.
20 plus pages later we see a Pepys' friend mentioned:
"Be it therefore hereby further Provided and Enacted by the Authority aforesaid, That the said Carey Dillon, his Heirs, Executors, Administrators and Assignes, shall and may re∣ceive for the remainder of his Arrears unsatisfied for Service in Ireland, before the Fifth of June, One thousand six hundred forty nine, farther and equal satisfaction, with other the Commissioned Officers that shall or are to receive satisfaction for their respective Arrears, due before the said Fifth of June, One thousand six hundred forty nine, by virtue of this Act, any thing in this Act contained to the contrary in any wise not∣withstanding.
And whereas several Clauses, Articles, Instructions, Pro∣visoes, and other matters herein before and after mentioned, do relate to particular persons, and concern the Disposition and Settlement of several lands and Tenements to them, wherein and whereby divers innocent persons, Bodies Poli∣tick and Corporate, their innocent Heirs, Executors, Successors or Assignes, may receive great loss and prejudice, if due care be not had for saving their Iust Rights and Interests; Be it therefore Enacted and Declared, That the several and respective Estates, Rights, Titles and Interests, belonging to any innocent person or persons, Bodies Politick or Corporate, or to their innocent Heirs, Executors, Successors or Assigns, shall be and is hereby saved unto him or them respectively, any Clause, Article, Instruction, Proviso, or other Grant or Disposition thereof herein made to the contrary notwithstanding.
Page 99 Whereas James Duke of Ormonde in the time of his being Lieutenant General and General Governour of this his Majesties Kingdom of Ireland, hath from the beginning of the Rebellion here in a most Eminent manner Acted in the Suppression thereof, and the Reducing the Persons involved therein unto their due Obedience; and hath upon the most abstracted Considerations of Honour and Conscience, faithfully adhered to his Majesty, and to the Crown of England, without any Regard had to his own Estate or Fortune: And whereas divers Estates in tayle for life or years whereof the Reversions and Remainders in Fee, or Fee tayle is, or are in the said Duke, or in Elizabeth Duchess of Ormonde his Wife, are by means of the said Rebellion, or by virtue of this present Act, or otherwise become forfeited or vested in his Majesty, ... of which if his Majesty should take advantage, the same should not onely be very prejudicial to the said Duke, in respect of his own Estate, but also in respect of the Estates which he holds and enjoys in the Right of his said Duchess, and would very much hinder the said Duke and Duchess in the setling of their Estate, in such manner that he may provide for the payment of his Debts, and make provision for his Children: ...
and so it goes on -- the lawyers and clerks made a fortune off this lot!
And in order to the more particular apportioning or dividing the said Lands amongst the said Adventurers, and satisfying their deficiencies, & ascertaining their respective proportions, You are to cause publick Proclamation to be made within the respective Counties, Cities, Baronies, and places in Ireland, thereby directing each Adventurer, his Assignee or Assignees, or his or their Agent or Agents, sufficiently authorized, that hath received any satisfaction in Land for his Adventure, within forty dayes after such Proclamation, to deliver unto you in writing under his Hand and Seal a particular of the Houses, Lands, Tenements, and Hereditaments possessed by him, together with the content or number of Acres both profitable and unprofitable, in each Town-Land, Village, Balybo, or Quar∣ter of Land, as the same were admeasured to him, or for his use, and in the Right of whom he claimeth such Adventure. ..."
Later, buried in the fine print. are the pay offs:
Page 49 ... And whereas James Duke of Ormonde, Lord Steward of Our Household, together with Sir Philip Percivall and Sir George Lane Knights, and also others at the instance and request of the said Duke of Ormonde, became bound for certain Moneys lent, and publick Debts incurred for Provision, Arms and Amunition, and furnished and delivered in Provisions and other Necessaries, in Order to the carrying on of the War in that Our Kingdom, whereby they have made themselves, their Heirs, Executors and Administrators, lyable to Suit, Hazard and Loss, if not provided for, and sa∣tisfaction set out for the same, which in all equity ought to be done, you are therefore required forthwith to set out Forfeited Lands in the Counties of Kildare and Dublin, or one of them, for satisfaction of the said Debts, Provisions, and other necessaries, according to the last fore-going Rules; and that in the mean time neither the said Duke of Ormonde, nor any other bound for the said Debts at his instance and request, their Heirs, Executors, or Admistrators, be sued, molested, or troubled for, or concerning the same; And if any of the said Lands already set, or which shall be set out be restored to former Proprietors, you are forthwith to assign other Lands of equal Value, Worth and Purchase in lieu thereof: You are likewise after the same rate of Ten years purchase to assign & set out some convenient Forfeited lands unto Major George Rayden, in satisfaction of Debentures for Arrears and Moneys paid by him for Provisions furnished as aforesaid, and for which no satisfaction as yet hath been assigned, as also to Do∣ctor William Petty, for his deficient Debentures according to the direction of Our Letter of the Second of January, One thousand Six hundred and sixty. ..."
Meanwhile at Court, Charles II makes a lot of trouble in the long run by rewarding his Royalist followers with lands in Ireland.
"An act for the better execution of His Majesties gracious declaration for the settlement of his kingdome of Ireland and satisfaction of the several interests of adventurers, souldiers, and other His Majesties subjects there.
WHEREAS by Our said Declaration of the thirtieth of November, One thousand six hundred and sixty, We have made provision for the Settlement of Our Kingdome of Ireland, and Satisfaction of the several Interests of Adventurers, Souldiers and others Our Subjects there, which we are minded to put in effectual Execution: We have therefore hereby nominated you, or any five or more of you, whereof two of the persons following to be alwayes present, (viz.) Our Trusty and Right well beloved Cousin and Counsellour Arthur Lord Viscount Valentia, Our Vice-Treasurer and General Receiver of Our said Realm, Our Trusty and well beloved Counsellour Sir James Barry, James Donelan Esq and John Bysse Esq Sir James Ware, Our Atturney, and Solicitor General, Our Commissioners for the putting in Execution the matters and things therein contained, according to the Tenor of these following Instructions.
You are to cast up the whole Debt and Demand of the Ad∣venturers, as well those that are satisfied, as those that are in part or in whole deficient, as also all the forfeited Lands assigned to, or for the said Adventurers, according to the Survey commonly called Doctor Petty's Down Admeasurement: And the said Demands and Lands you are to compare toge∣ther, and what the said Lands fall short of satisfying the said Adventurers, according to the Rates, Measures and Propor∣tions, of which all or any of the Adventurers were possessed the Seventh of May One thousand six hundred fifty nine, so much of the forfeited Lands in the County of Lowth in the Province of Leinster (except the Barony of Atherdee), you are to set apart for satisfaction of the said Adventurers; And if the said forfeited Lands shall fall short of satisfying the said Adventurers, you are then to add the forfeited Lands undisposed by Our said Declaration, in the County of Catherlogh; And if those shall fall short; then the Lands remaining undis∣posed of in the County of Kildare, to supply all the said Adventurers deficiencies; And if those Lands fall short, then you are apart other forfeited Lands in some convenient place for the end aforesaid.
From this memorandum we can gather that Charles II intended to reward Royalists with Catholic-owned lands in Ireland -- one of many causes of unrest for the next 400 years. This kind of resettlement policy will upset Adm. Penn who had been rewarded by the Commonwealth with Irish Royalist lands:
Date: 15 June 1661 Shelfmark: MS. Carte 44, fol(s). 158 Document type: Draught, in the hand of a law-draughtsman; a clerk; with an erasure, & a marginal addition in the hand of Lord Kingston. Endorsed by Lane.
Draft of a Letter proposed [by John, Lord Kingston], for his Majesty's signature; directing a Commission to be issued to Lord Kingston aforesaid and others, for inquiring into and discovering "what lands, in the province of Connaught and county of Clare have been set out to and were, on the 30th of November last, possessed by any person or persons who adhered to the Pope's Nuncio and are not within the benefit of the "Articles of Peace" [made by James Butler, Marquess of Ormonde] mentioned in the King's "Declaration" of the date aforesaid."
Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661 For more information on the Carte manuscripts and calendar, see the Carte Calendar Project homepage. Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32 Extent: 464 pages https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
@@@
John King, 1st Baron Kingston (died 1676) was an Anglo-Irish soldier during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms who served the Commonwealth government during the Interregnum and government of Charles II after the Restoration. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joh…
'... the "Articles of Peace" [made by James Butler, Marquess of Ormonde] mentioned in the King's "Declaration" of the date aforesaid.' I have been unable to find out anything about this. The date would be 30 November, 1660.
Endorsed by Lane -- Sir George Lane was a secretary to James Butler, Duke of Ormonde, Lord Steward to the Royal Household at Whitehall, https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
George Lane "was attached to the exiled Court of Charles II of England, and was knighted by him at Bruges in 1657. The honour must have seemed a hollow one to Lane who, like most of the exiles who remained faithful to the King, was reduced to a state of near destitution: he spoke of his "torment" in being unable to get money to care for his sick wife and children.
"After the Restoration he seems to have had considerable influence at Court: Samuel Pepys in his Diary in 1663 refers to Lane as "the man below stairs at Court".
"From 1662 to 1666 he was Member of Parliament for County Roscommon. In November 1664 he was appointed to the Privy Council of Ireland, and on 5 October 1668, he succeeded his father as the second Baronet. ..."
The Privy Council OF IRELAND. He didn't become Viscount Lanesborough until 2 decades after the Diary.
Amb. Earl of Winchelsea [Heneage Finch, 2nd Earl] to Ormonde Written from: Pera of Constantinople Date: 14 June 1661 Shelfmark: MS. Carte 31, fol(s). 220 Document type: Holograph
Mr Jonathan Davies, bearer of this letter - a very eminent merchant here - will be able to inform Lord Ormonde of all things of moment in this place, "having had great experience, and the Lord Treasurer, who is now King of Egypt [being] so much his friend that he is capable of doing very considerable things at Court" ... Although, adds the writer, "I am in a country esteemed rude & barbarous, yet I assure your Lordship that those that have to do with the great men do find them very wise, & many of them exceeding civil, & punctual to their words."
FROM Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661 For more information on the Carte manuscripts and calendar, see the Carte Calendar Project homepage. Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32 Extent: 464 pages https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
Good to know Heneage Finch, 2nd Earl of Winchelsea arrived at Constantinople safely -- and that he has a good opinion of the place. I suspect that will change shortly.
Comments
Third Reading
About General Post Office
San Diego Sarah • Link
CONCLUSION:
Through the Post Office passed all manner of political information, of peaceful and warlike opposition to the administration. The inspired cordwainer in Reading who was defended against the county authorities, and even against a King's messenger by the corporation;17 the new mayor of Coventry, a dissenting butcher, formerly Lambert's recruiting agent;18 and the prospective mayor of Preston, a "decimator and sequestrator", whom the loyalists urged the government to arrest or "otherwise handsomely frighten",19 personified the more peaceful endeavors of the rejected party to entrench themselves in the boroughs.
17 Cal. St. P. Dom., 1661-1662, pp. 116-123, passim.
18 Cal. St. P. Dom., 1661-1662, pp. 90 ff.
19 Cal. St. P. Dom., 1661-1662, p. 93.
ADAPTED FROM English Conspiracy and Dissent, 1660-1674
By Wilbur C. Abbott
The American Historical Review, Vol. 14, No. 3 (Apr., 1909), pp. 503-528 (26 pages)
www.jstor.org/stable/1836444?seq=…
So that's how things stood in Nov. 1661 when the spies had been reporting back rumors all summer long. Then things heated up again:
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
About General Post Office
San Diego Sarah • Link
PART 4
They reported that men looked forward to "another bout," when Anabaptist joined Presbyterian, that dangerous men were coming to the city in large numbers, that even certain royal advisers were implicated in agitation, and that prayers were offered up for "a leader to come and redeem Zion", in such churches as All Hallows the Great and St. Sepulchre's.11
11 Cal. St. P. Dom., 1661-1662, pp. 104 ff.; pp. 73, 81, 110-123 passim.
City authorities were accordingly urged by the court to suppress sedition, to reform the militia and the night watch, and to ensure the return of churchmen and royalists to city offices in the ensuing elections, and these admonitions were accompanied by arrests and the dispersal of meetings on every hand.12
12 Cal. St. P. Dom., 1661-1662, pp. 104 ff.; pp. 73-123 passim, 70, 161, 179.
The investigation soon developed the fact that the Post Office, which almost alone among the public offices had escaped reorganization, was a center of sedition.13
13 Cal. St. P. Dom., 1661-1662, pp. 104 ff.; as above, and pp. 86, 176, etc.
The former headquarters of the republicans had been the Commonwealth Club in Bow Street. This under the same management but under a new name, the Nonsuch House, was the chief resort of the postmaster, Col. [HENRY] Bishop, and many of the clerks, who maintained the republican traditions of the place.14
14 Cal. St. P. Dom., 1661-1662, pp. 104 ff.; pp. 55-57, 86 ff.
Reinforced by similar information against many postmasters throughout England,15 this news roused the administration to action.
15 Cal. St. P. Dom., 1661-1662, pp. 104 ff.; pp. 173, 176, 250, 385.
After violent opposition, Col. Henry Bishop was finally [in 1663] replaced by a follower of the Duke of York, Daniel O'Neale, many clerks and postmasters were dismissed and the service reorganized.16
16 Cal. St. P. Dom., 1661-1662, pp. 104 ff.; 1663-1664, pp. 156-157; ibid., pp. 80, 92, 480; cf. also Jusserand, A French Ambassador at the Court of Charles II., p. 193.
[O'Neil may have been a Royalist, but proved incapable of getting the mail delivered -- maybe on purpose?!]
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
About General Post Office
San Diego Sarah • Link
PART 3
In particular every effort was made to stamp out the literature by which the proscribed party sought to rouse its people. “The Mirabilis Annus”, “the Phoenix of the Solemn League and Covenant”,3 “the Book of Prodigies and that of the Wise Virgins”,4 with scores of others, filled with the language of prophecy, shadowed forth the fall of the monarchy and the recall of the godly to power.
Printed in secret, smuggled from hand to hand, carried by itinerant booksellers, peddlers and carters, sold from house to house, or secretly at fairs, these found their way everywhere.5
3 Among them John Bunyan. Cal. St. P. Dom., 1661-1662, pp. 54, 235, 426.
4 Among them John Bunyan. Cal. St. P. Dom., 1661-1662, pp. 23, 104, 106, 109, 128, 173, 184.
5 Cf. especially Giles and Elizabeth Calvert "arrested for the usual practices' passim as above.
In 1662 a licenser of the press [Roger L'Estrange] was appointed to repress the evil.6
6 Cal. St. P. Dom., 1670, pp. 369, 502; id., 1661-1662, p. 282.
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
Booksellers and printers, their wives, their apprentices and helpers were arrested, houses searched, carriers' carts overhauled, tracts and books and unbound sheets seized and burned by the thousand.7
7 Cal. St. P. Dom., 1661-1662, pp. 104 ff.; id., 1663, pp. 193, 434 ff.
Sir Roger L'Estrange, the licenser, lately declared that in 3 years he had destroyed editions of 600 such tracts. The printers in many cases made a strong defence. Some of them found powerful patrons, among whom were noted such men as William Howard of Escrick, and even the Presbyterian councillor, Arthur Annesley, 1st Earl of Anglesey.8
8 Cal. St. P. Dom., 1661-1662, pp. 104 ff.; id., 1661, pp. 109, 287, 327.
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
But as time went on this evil was checked, although it was never quite destroyed.
London was the forefront of offence, and in other matters as the City caused no little uneasiness. In the 1660 elections to Parliament it had returned 4 strong dissenters, and letters then intercepted by the government revealed its hostility to unlimited monarchy and the Episcopacy.9
9 Cal. St. P. Dom., 1661-1662, pp. 104 ff.; id., 1661-1662, p. 396 passim to 418; id., 1660-1661, pp. 535-542.
The spies sent through its streets and environs found their way into public houses to count the men and horses there, into churches and conventicles to note those present and the language used, into the jails to worm secrets from prisoners or enlist them as informers.10
10 Cal. St. P. Dom., 1661-1662, pp. 104 ff.; id., 1661-1662, pp. 81-208 passim
506
About General Post Office
San Diego Sarah • Link
PART 2:
The Commonwealthmen had not been idle during the last months of 1660 when the troops were being re-officered, disarmed and disbanded under the stern personal supervision of the Lord Gen. Monck, and that process had not taken place without scattered and ineffective attempts at resistance.
When the Convention Parliament which had recalled Charles II was dissolved in January, 1661, without securing legal guarantees for toleration, its dispersion was signalized by the outbreak of a handful of old Fifth Monarchy soldiers under a London cooper, Venner, which terrorized London for 3 days.
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
Slight as the danger was, Venner’s Uprising produced important results. It enabled the Anglicans as a party of law and order, to secure a larger majority in the Commons during the ensuing elections, than they might otherwise have had. It enabled the crown to fortify itself by the retention of a larger force of troops, by the refurbishing of the old legal weapons against sectaries and disturbance, and by creating a secret service which played no small part in the ensuing events.
Above all Venner’s Uprising roused in the dominant Anglican party a passion of hate and fear, dangerous in itself, doubly dangerous when played on by designing men for their own ends.
This spirit was clearly visible in the newly elected House of Commons which met in May, 1661, and in the Savoy Conference of Anglican and dissenting clergy called about the same time to discuss the religious situation.
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
By the middle of July 1661 both Houses had adjourned, and the cause of reaction was seen to be supreme, in the conference where comprehension of the Presbyterians was rejected by the Anglican ecclesiastical authorities no less than toleration of the sects, and in Parliament where the dominant Court party committed itself strongly to church and crown. 1
1 Parl. Hist., IV. 182-222.
After Venner’s Uprising the government spies were active. Meetings of the sectaries were broken up, preachers and petty leaders seized, and hundreds of worshipers, especially Quakers and Anabaptists, thrown into prison.2
2 Among them John Bunyan. Cal. St. P. Dom., 1661-1662, pp. 23, 54, 87.
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
About General Post Office
San Diego Sarah • Link
Above I've posted that Henry Bishop was appointed Post Master in 1660 -- that turned out to be a big mistake, but not for the reason mentioned.
Turns out he was not a Royalist. But first, a review of how many things came together -- communications are central:
It was Gen. Monck’s first care on entering the Commonwealth’s Council of State in 1659 to drive from it, from the army and from the Commons the leaders of the extreme party, and the disintegration of that party, long since begun in personal and political rivalries.
As soon as matters allowed proscription moderately safe, as many of its leaders as could be secured were arrested. The return of Charles II completed the destruction of the extremists.
The army and navy, where the Commonwealthmen were strong, were reduced. The old officers and officials were replaced by Royalists. Of the remaining revolutionary leaders, excluded from indemnity, some fled into exile, some were arrested to die on the scaffold or in prison, the rest were put under bond and surveillance.
By the middle of 1661, of that long list of men who had lent strength to the Cromwellian rule few or none remained alive in England who had not given security to Charles II or entered his service.
No single event of the Restoration was of more importance than this. It was not merely revenge for the past, it was a guarantee for the future. The brain of the extreme party was thus destroyed, the centers of national disaffection removed, and the opposition to the new regime was deprived of those men who alone were able to make it dangerous.
But what of the other thousands, the disbanded soldiers and sailors, the sectaries who saw their dearest liberties threatened by Anglican and Royalist reaction, the lesser officers and officials, the purchasers of lands now reclaimed by church and state?
The answer has many times been given. It is essentially that of Pepys' Puritan friend, Blackburne, that wherever was to be found a carter more steady, a blacksmith more industrious, a workman more sober, he was a soldier of the old army.
The mind pictures a citizen soldiery returning to peaceful pursuits, seeking no further triumphs in war or politics.
This view of the defeated party has strengthened the idea of the Restoration as an interlude rather than a connecting link between revolutions, an interlude in which the court played the main part and the Puritans remained to furnish material for loyal satire. But it requires no profound study of the history of the Restoration to see that this fails to explain many of its phenomena.
It is the purpose of this paper to consider another element of this fallen party: those who did not quietly submit to their fate during the period of their greatest and most influential activity, the first 12 years of the reign of Charles II.
About Wednesday 13 November 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
CONCLUSION:
Careful investigation would have enabled the administration to establish its value without much question. But there was neither time, nor opportunity, nor, one may suspect, inclination, to look too closely into information which was so extremely useful to the dominant party.
The Royalists took full advantage of it.
TO BE CONTINUED ...
ADAPTED FROM English Conspiracy and Dissent, 1660-1674
By Wilbur C. Abbott
The American Historical Review, Vol. 14, No. 3 (Apr., 1909), pp. 503-528 (26 pages)
www.jstor.org/stable/1836444?seq=…
About Wednesday 13 November 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
Meanwhile, at the Palace of Whitehall:
Of violent designs the administration in the summer of 1661 found little definite trace. Reports of secret meetings, night ridings, fanaticism attendant on the news of the regicide executions, rumors of risings, were the most that could be unearthed.20
20 Staffordshire, Shropshire, Chester, Carlisle, Wilts, Windsor, Lowestoft, Durham, Dublin, Kent, London, etc. Cal. St. P. Dom., 1661, pp. 79-134 passim; id., 1661-1662, pp. 62-212 passim.
But a week before Parliament met [approx. Nov. 13] there came into Secretary Nicholas' hands information of the utmost importance. It was to the effect that on Nov. 10 or 11, 1661, a Richard Churme, of Wichenford, Worcs., had come upon a stranger lying by the roadside sorting letters. When he had gone Churme found a package which had been accidentally dropped, and secured it before the stranger discovered his loss and returned to look for it.
The package was sent to Sir John Packington, J.P. and M.P. for Worcestershire, and, after copies had been made and sent to neighboring magistrates, it was forwarded to London with several examinations taken about it.
The 2 letters enclosed purported to have been written by “Ann Ba" to a Mr. Sparry, parson of Martley, and to a Capt. Yarrington of the old army. They spoke of the need of money, of "the company" having increased to 300, of an oath taken Nov.1, 1661, of news sent to Hereford, Gloucester, Worcester and Shrewsbury, of "a fatal blow against their adversaries," of “hopes for merry days", and "that the business would soon be done ".21
21 Cal. St. P. Dom., 1661-1662, pp. 143-148.
Two persons deposed further that Capt. Yarrington had said he "had a commission to eure people of the simples", that "there would be news ere long", and that Col. Turton's man had said "they" were to rendezvous at Edgehill the night of Nov. 9.
All this was confirmed and enlarged from apparently independent sources,22 and many circumstances combined to heighten the probability of the information. The West country and Midland loyalists were greatly excited.
22 Cal. St. P. Dom., 1661-1662, p. 199.
Alarms were sent in every direction.
Neighboring towns, especially those named in the letters, were put in a state of defence.23 The militia was called out, and many suspicious characters seized.
23 Cal. St. P. Dom., 1661-1662, p. 153.
Parson Sparry and Capt. Yarrington were secured, examined before the Worcester justices, and sent to London. There before the Secretary and the Council they "denied all", and no further results appeared.24
24 Cf. Calamy, Nonconformist Memorials, ed. Palmer, I. 30, 31. ... For Yarrington's examination cf. Cal. St. P. Dom., June 23, 1662, p. 417. For Sparry cf. Calamy ut supra.
Such was the story which made its way through England on the eve of the new session and met the MPs as they came up to London. It was not, on its face, wholly probable.
About Friday 30 November 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
Apparently our Pepys had a cousin also named Samuel. This statement is posted here because it demonstrates the far-reaching effect of the above Declaration:
A Statement of the Case of Samuel Pepys [as legatee of his father, Richard Pepys, late Chief Justice of Ireland]
Date: [1661?]
Shelfmark: MS. Carte 68, fol(s). 629
Document type: Copy
A Statement of the Case of Samuel Pepys [as legatee of his father, Richard Pepys, late Chief Justice of Ireland] purchaser from Major Dudley Philips, concerning his claim to certain arrears of military pay for services in Ireland, under the terms of his Majesty's late 'Declaration' for the Settlement of that Kingdom.
FROM: Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661
For more information on the Carte manuscripts and calendar, see the Carte Calendar Project homepage.
Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32 Extent: 464 pages
https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
About Thursday 24 October 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
We don't know the date for this memorandum, but it shows the concern at Court for the continuing unrest within England:
Certain Proposals humbly offered [by John, Lord Kingston]
Date: [1661?]
Shelfmark: MS. Carte 44, fol(s). 141-142
Document type: Endorsed, by James Butler, Duke of Ormonde, Lord Steward of his Majesty's Household:
"Lord Kingston's Proposition concerning Phanaticks".
Certain Proposals humbly offered [by John, Lord Kingston], conducing to the removal of such persons as may be apprehended likely to disturb the peace & tranquillity of England; to inhabit & improve the waste parts of Ireland; - and answer the scope of his Majesty's 'Declaration' in reference to tender consciences.
FROM Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661
For more information on the Carte manuscripts and calendar, see the Carte Calendar Project homepage.
Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32 Extent: 464 pages
https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
@@@
John King, 1st Baron Kingston (died 1676) was an Anglo-Irish soldier during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms who served the Commonwealth government during the Interregnum and government of Charles II after the Restoration.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joh…
The (troublesome) Declaration about Ireland of November 30, 1660
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
About Saturday 15 June 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
I found the troublesome Declaration about Ireland of November 30, 1660 which is referred to in the previous annotation.
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
About Friday 30 November 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
THE END
or any of them were at any time heretofore seized or possessed in their own Right, or any other in Trust for them, or to their use, or which at any time heretofore were given and granted, alloted, assigned, distributed, disposed or conveyed to them or any of them, or any other in Trust for them or any of them, or to any other person or per∣sons claiming by, from or under them or any of them in satis∣faction of any Adventures or Arrears due unto them or any of them, or for any other Recompence or Reward whatsoever, but the same and every of them other than the Lands and Tenements given and granted unto Michael Lord Bishop of Cork, and other than the Lands and Tenements hereafter disposed to Francis Lord Anger, shall be and are hereby vested and setled in and upon his Royal Highness James Duke of York and Albain, Earl of Ulster, &c. to have and hold to his said Highness, his Heirs and Assigns, freed, exempted and discharged, so long as the same remain in the possession of his Highness, or his Heirs, of and to from any new or increased Rent, Services and Payments, in and by this Act assessed, imposed and reserved, but with like benefit and advantage of Reprizal in case of restitution as any Adventurer or Souldier by virtue of this present Act may or ought to have, and also with further and other benefit of Reprizal for so much of the premisses as by virtue of the Declaration and Instructions or this present Act shall be held or enjoyed by any Adventurer or Souldier: And if his Royal Highness, or his Heirs shall grant or alien all or any the lands or premisses herein before mentioned, otherwise than by lease or leases for lives or years, upon which the full moyety of the improved Rent shall be re∣served, then so much as shall be aliened or granted, shall be subject to and charged with such Tenures, Rents, Services and other Payments as other Lands by this Act ought to be subject to and charged with. ...
I'm less than half way through this document which will upset Ireland for the next 400 years.
https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo…
Later you'll hear about Thomas Blood's decades long vendetta against James Butler, Duke of Ormonde. This was the cause -- the Blood family lost their farm.
About Friday 30 November 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
PART 6
Later another familiar name appears:
Provided also, and be it further Enacted by the Authority aforesaid, That Theobald Earl of Garlingford, and Thomas Lord Viscount Dillon, shall be and are hereby restored unto, and vested in all and singular the messuages, manors, lands, tenements and hereditaments respectively, whereof they, or either of them, or any other person or persons to the use of, or in trust for them or either of them, were seized or possessed upon
Page 109
the Two and Twentieth day of October, One thousand Six hundred Forty & one, or at any time since, and that such persons, and their heirs and assigns, to whom any of the lands belonging to the said Earl of Carlingford, and Lord Viscount Dillon, or either of them have been set out, and who are by this Act reprizable for the same, be forthwith reprized out of the first Lands that shall come unto his Majesty in the Province of Connaught or County of Clare, either by the restoring of any persons to their Estates, who we•e formerly transplanted or otherwise, any thing in this Act contained to the contrary notwithstanding.
Later, the enemies list:
Page 110
... Provided alwayes, and it is hereby further Enacted, That nothing in this Act contained shall extend to vest in his Majesty, his Heirs or Successors, any the Honours, Castles, Messuages, Manors, Lands, Tenements and Hereditaments, whereof Oliver Cromwel deceased, Henry Ireton de∣ceased, John Jones deceased, Daniel Axtel deceased, Gregory Clement deceased, Isaac Ewer deceased, John Bradshaw decea∣sed, Thomas Andrews deceased, Thomas Hamond deceased, Sir Hardress Waller, John Hewson, Miles Corbet, Thomas Wogan, Edmond Ludlow, Edward Dendy, John Lisle, William late Lord Mounson, Cornelius Holland, Henry Smith, Owen Row, Edmond Harvy, Nicholas Love, Edward Whaley, Thomas Pride deceased, William Say, Valentine Walton, John Berkstead, Sir Michael Livesey, John Okey, William Gouffe, Thomas Challinor, William Cawley, John Dixwel, Andrew Braughton, Thomas Harrison, Adrian Scroop, John Carew, Thomas Scot, Hugh Peters, Francis Hacker, Isaac Pennington, Henry Martin, Gilbert Millington, Robert Tichburn, Robert Lilborn, John Downs, Vincent Potter, Augustine Garland, George Fleetwood, Simon Mayne, James Temple, Peter Temple, Thomas Wait, Sir John Danvers, John Blackston, Sir William Constable, Richard Dean, Francis Allyn deceased, Peregrine Pelham, John Aldred, alias, Alured, Humphrey Edwards, John Vynn, Anthony Stapely, Thomas Horton, John Frey, James Challiner, Sir Henry Mildmay, Sir James Har∣rington, John Phelps, CONTINUED IN NEXT POST
About Friday 30 November 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
PART 5
Then for a change of pace:
And for the better prevention of all future Rebellions and to the end Our good Subjects of Ireland may be likewise secured against all Insurrections or Attempts for the time to come, and the said Kingdome be the better planted and improved; Be it further enacted by the Authority aforesaid, That it shall and may be lawful to and for the Lord Lieutenant, or other Chief Governour and Governours and Council of Ireland, for the time being, from time to time, and at all times hereafter, during the space of Seven years, to be accompted from the first of May, One thousand six hundred sixty two, to make and establish such Rules, Orders and Directions, for the better planting with Protestants the Lands by this Act vested in his Majesty, and not appointed to be restored to innocent persons.
And for the better Regulation of Cities, Walled Towns and Corporations, and the electing of Magistrates and Officers there, and to inflict such Penalties for the breach thereof as they in their wisdome shall think fit, so as the Penalties for breach of the Rules of Plantation do not extend further then to treble the Quit-rents due for the Lands, which shall be planted otherwise then those Rules shall direct, the said Penalties to continue and be yearly paid to the King, his Heirs and Successors, till the said Rules of Plantation be performed, and thenceforth the Rent by this Act reserved to be only payable, and so as the Penalties for breach of the Rules to be made touching Corporations, do not extend fur∣ther then to the removal and disfranchizment of such persons as shall be found guilty of the breach thereof, which Rules, Orders and Directions so as aforesaid to be made, shall be as good and effectual in Law to all intents and purposes, as if the same had been established by Authority of this present Parliament, and shall remain, continue and abide in force for such and so long time as in the said Rules, Orders and Directions shall be limited and appointed. ...
etc. etc. etc.
About Friday 30 November 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
PART 4
Provided alwayes, and be it further Enacted by the Authority aforesaid, That Wentworth Earl of Kildare, his Heirs and Assigns, shall and may have the preemption, and be pre∣ferred unto the purchase of, and enjoy the Forfeited Interests and Estates in and of all such Lands, Tenements and Here∣ditaments by this present Act vested in his Majesty, his Heirs and Successors, and not restored to the former Proprietors as were or are held of or from George late Earl of Kildare, or the said Wentworth Earl of Kildare, or either of them, or of their or any of their Manors, or whereout Chief Rent, Service or Duty was or is reserved unto the said George Earl of Kildare, Wentworth Earl of Kildare, or either of them, as also of any other Lands, Tenements or Hereditaments surrounded by, or intermixt with the said Earl of Kildares Estate, which he the said Earl shall desire by placing thereon such Adventures, Arrears, Decrees, Incumbrances, or other publick Debts or In∣terests as are confirmed and allowed by this present Act, and according to the Tenor thereof are satisfiable thereupon; and that the personal Arrears of George late Earl of Kildare, for Service in Ireland, before the Fifth day of June, One Thou∣sand Six Hundred Forty Nine, be satisfied out of such Forfeited Houses, Lands, Tenements or Hereditaments, and o∣ther Security lyable to the Satisfaction of such Arrears in the County of Kildare, and elsewhere in the Kingdom of Ireland, lying most convenient unto the Estate of the said Earl of Kildare, which he the said Wentworth Earl of Kildare, shall make choice of, all which said Satisfactions are to be made at the same Rates and Proportions, and according to the same Rules as are directed by this Act, in Cases of the like Nature, any thing in this present Act, or any clause therein contained to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding.
Provided alwayes, That nothing in this Act contained, shall prejudice the Right, Title, or Interest of Martin Noel or John Arthur in any the forfeited houses, tenements or hereditaments in the Town of Wexford; And it is hereby Enacted, ...
Another Pepys colleague:
Provided also, and be it further Enacted, That Arthur now Earl of Anglesey, and Lord Viscount Valentia, his Heirs and Assigns, in his and their respective Settlements and Satisfactions pursuant to this Act, shall and may enjoy the ful benefit and advantage of his Majesties respective Gracious Letters in the behalf of the said Lord Viscount Valentia, under his Majesties Royal Signet, Inrolled in his Majesties high Court of Chancery in Ireland, so far forth as the same are consistent with his Majesties said Declaration, any thing in this Act to the contrary notwithstanding.
About Friday 30 November 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
PART 3
20 plus pages later we see a Pepys' friend mentioned:
"Be it therefore hereby further Provided and Enacted by the Authority aforesaid, That the said Carey Dillon, his Heirs, Executors, Administrators and Assignes, shall and may re∣ceive for the remainder of his Arrears unsatisfied for Service in Ireland, before the Fifth of June, One thousand six hundred forty nine, farther and equal satisfaction, with other the Commissioned Officers that shall or are to receive satisfaction for their respective Arrears, due before the said Fifth of June, One thousand six hundred forty nine, by virtue of this Act, any thing in this Act contained to the contrary in any wise not∣withstanding.
And whereas several Clauses, Articles, Instructions, Pro∣visoes, and other matters herein before and after mentioned, do relate to particular persons, and concern the Disposition and Settlement of several lands and Tenements to them, wherein and whereby divers innocent persons, Bodies Poli∣tick and Corporate, their innocent Heirs, Executors, Successors or Assignes, may receive great loss and prejudice, if due care be not had for saving their Iust Rights and Interests; Be it therefore Enacted and Declared, That the several and respective Estates, Rights, Titles and Interests, belonging to any innocent person or persons, Bodies Politick or Corporate, or to their innocent Heirs, Executors, Successors or Assigns, shall be and is hereby saved unto him or them respectively, any Clause, Article, Instruction, Proviso, or other Grant or Disposition thereof herein made to the contrary notwithstanding.
Page 99
Whereas James Duke of Ormonde in the time of his being Lieutenant General and General Governour of this his Majesties Kingdom of Ireland, hath from the beginning of the Rebellion here in a most Eminent manner Acted in the Suppression thereof, and the Reducing the Persons involved therein unto their due Obedience; and hath upon the most abstracted Considerations of Honour and Conscience, faithfully adhered to his Majesty, and to the Crown of England, without any Regard had to his own Estate or Fortune: And whereas divers Estates in tayle for life or years whereof the Reversions and Remainders in Fee, or Fee tayle is, or are in the said Duke, or in Elizabeth Duchess of Ormonde his Wife, are by means of the said Rebellion, or by virtue of this present Act, or otherwise become forfeited or vested in his Majesty, ... of which if his Majesty should take advantage, the same should not onely be very prejudicial to the said Duke, in respect of his own Estate, but also in respect of the Estates which he holds and enjoys in the Right of his said Duchess, and would very much hinder the said Duke and Duchess in the setling of their Estate, in such manner that he may provide for the payment of his Debts, and make provision for his Children: ...
and so it goes on -- the lawyers and clerks made a fortune off this lot!
About Friday 30 November 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
PART 2
And in order to the more particular apportioning or dividing the said Lands amongst the said Adventurers, and satisfying their deficiencies, & ascertaining their respective proportions, You are to cause publick Proclamation to be made within the respective Counties, Cities, Baronies, and places in Ireland, thereby directing each Adventurer, his Assignee or Assignees, or his or their Agent or Agents, sufficiently authorized, that hath received any satisfaction in Land for his Adventure, within forty dayes after such Proclamation, to deliver unto you in writing under his Hand and Seal a particular of the Houses, Lands, Tenements, and Hereditaments possessed by him, together with the content or number of Acres both profitable and unprofitable, in each Town-Land, Village, Balybo, or Quar∣ter of Land, as the same were admeasured to him, or for his use, and in the Right of whom he claimeth such Adventure. ..."
Later, buried in the fine print. are the pay offs:
Page 49
... And whereas James Duke of Ormonde, Lord Steward of Our Household, together with Sir Philip Percivall and Sir George Lane Knights, and also others at the instance and request of the said Duke of Ormonde, became bound for certain Moneys lent, and publick Debts incurred for Provision, Arms and Amunition, and furnished and delivered in Provisions and other Necessaries, in Order to the carrying on of the War in that Our Kingdom, whereby they have made themselves, their Heirs, Executors and Administrators, lyable to Suit, Hazard and Loss, if not provided for, and sa∣tisfaction set out for the same, which in all equity ought to be done, you are therefore required forthwith to set out Forfeited Lands in the Counties of Kildare and Dublin, or one of them, for satisfaction of the said Debts, Provisions, and other necessaries, according to the last fore-going Rules; and that in the mean time neither the said Duke of Ormonde, nor any other bound for the said Debts at his instance and request, their Heirs, Executors, or Admistrators, be sued, molested, or troubled for, or concerning the same; And if any of the said Lands already set, or which shall be set out be restored to former Proprietors, you are forthwith to assign other Lands of equal Value, Worth and Purchase in lieu thereof: You are likewise after the same rate of Ten years purchase to assign & set out some convenient Forfeited lands unto Major George Rayden, in satisfaction of Debentures for Arrears and Moneys paid by him for Provisions furnished as aforesaid, and for which no satisfaction as yet hath been assigned, as also to Do∣ctor William Petty, for his deficient Debentures according to the direction of Our Letter of the Second of January, One thousand Six hundred and sixty. ..."
About Friday 30 November 1660
San Diego Sarah • Link
Meanwhile at Court, Charles II makes a lot of trouble in the long run by rewarding his Royalist followers with lands in Ireland.
"An act for the better execution of His Majesties gracious declaration for the settlement of his kingdome of Ireland and satisfaction of the several interests of adventurers, souldiers, and other His Majesties subjects there.
WHEREAS by Our said Declaration of the thirtieth of November, One thousand six hundred and sixty,
We have made provision for the Settlement of Our Kingdome of Ireland, and Satisfaction of the several Interests of Adventurers, Souldiers and others Our Subjects there, which we are minded to put in effectual Execution: We have therefore hereby nominated you, or any five or more of you, whereof two of the persons following to be alwayes present, (viz.)
Our Trusty and Right well beloved Cousin and Counsellour Arthur Lord Viscount Valentia,
Our Vice-Treasurer and General Receiver of Our said Realm, Our Trusty and well beloved Counsellour Sir James Barry,
James Donelan Esq and John Bysse Esq Sir James Ware, Our Atturney, and Solicitor General,
Our Commissioners for the putting in Execution the matters and things therein contained, according to the Tenor of these following Instructions.
You are to cast up the whole Debt and Demand of the Ad∣venturers, as well those that are satisfied, as those that are in part or in whole deficient, as also all the forfeited Lands assigned to, or for the said Adventurers, according to the Survey commonly called Doctor Petty's Down Admeasurement: And the said Demands and Lands you are to compare toge∣ther, and what the said Lands fall short of satisfying the said Adventurers, according to the Rates, Measures and Propor∣tions, of which all or any of the Adventurers were possessed the Seventh of May One thousand six hundred fifty nine, so much of the forfeited Lands in the County of Lowth in the Province of Leinster (except the Barony of Atherdee), you are to set apart for satisfaction of the said Adventurers;
And if the said forfeited Lands shall fall short of satisfying the said Adventurers, you are then to add the forfeited Lands undisposed by Our said Declaration, in the County of Catherlogh;
And if those shall fall short; then the Lands remaining undis∣posed of in the County of Kildare, to supply all the said Adventurers deficiencies;
And if those Lands fall short, then you are apart other forfeited Lands in some convenient place for the end aforesaid.
About Saturday 15 June 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
From this memorandum we can gather that Charles II intended to reward Royalists with Catholic-owned lands in Ireland -- one of many causes of unrest for the next 400 years. This kind of resettlement policy will upset Adm. Penn who had been rewarded by the Commonwealth with Irish Royalist lands:
Date: 15 June 1661
Shelfmark: MS. Carte 44, fol(s). 158
Document type: Draught, in the hand of a law-draughtsman; a clerk; with an erasure, & a marginal addition in the hand of Lord Kingston. Endorsed by Lane.
Draft of a Letter proposed [by John, Lord Kingston], for his Majesty's signature; directing a Commission to be issued to Lord Kingston aforesaid and others, for inquiring into and discovering "what lands, in the province of Connaught and county of Clare have been set out to and were, on the 30th of November last, possessed by any person or persons who adhered to the Pope's Nuncio and are not within the benefit of the "Articles of Peace" [made by James Butler, Marquess of Ormonde] mentioned in the King's "Declaration" of the date aforesaid."
Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661
For more information on the Carte manuscripts and calendar, see the Carte Calendar Project homepage.
Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32 Extent: 464 pages
https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
@@@
John King, 1st Baron Kingston (died 1676) was an Anglo-Irish soldier during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms who served the Commonwealth government during the Interregnum and government of Charles II after the Restoration.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joh…
'... the "Articles of Peace" [made by James Butler, Marquess of Ormonde] mentioned in the King's "Declaration" of the date aforesaid.'
I have been unable to find out anything about this. The date would be 30 November, 1660.
Endorsed by Lane -- Sir George Lane was a secretary to James Butler, Duke of Ormonde, Lord Steward to the Royal Household at Whitehall,
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
About George Lane (1st Viscount Lanesborough)
San Diego Sarah • Link
According to Wiki:
George Lane "was attached to the exiled Court of Charles II of England, and was knighted by him at Bruges in 1657. The honour must have seemed a hollow one to Lane who, like most of the exiles who remained faithful to the King, was reduced to a state of near destitution: he spoke of his "torment" in being unable to get money to care for his sick wife and children.
"After the Restoration he seems to have had considerable influence at Court: Samuel Pepys in his Diary in 1663 refers to Lane as "the man below stairs at Court".
"From 1662 to 1666 he was Member of Parliament for County Roscommon. In November 1664 he was appointed to the Privy Council of Ireland, and on 5 October 1668, he succeeded his father as the second Baronet. ..."
The Privy Council OF IRELAND. He didn't become Viscount Lanesborough until 2 decades after the Diary.
About Friday 14 June 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
Amb. Earl of Winchelsea [Heneage Finch, 2nd Earl] to Ormonde
Written from: Pera of Constantinople
Date: 14 June 1661
Shelfmark: MS. Carte 31, fol(s). 220
Document type: Holograph
Mr Jonathan Davies, bearer of this letter - a very eminent merchant here - will be able to inform Lord Ormonde of all things of moment in this place, "having had great experience, and the Lord Treasurer, who is now King of Egypt [being] so much his friend that he is capable of doing very considerable things at Court" ...
Although, adds the writer, "I am in a country esteemed rude & barbarous, yet I assure your Lordship that those that have to do with the great men do find them very wise, & many of them exceeding civil, & punctual to their words."
FROM Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661
For more information on the Carte manuscripts and calendar, see the Carte Calendar Project homepage.
Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32 Extent: 464 pages
https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
Good to know Heneage Finch, 2nd Earl of Winchelsea arrived at Constantinople safely -- and that he has a good opinion of the place.
I suspect that will change shortly.