I doubt the Montagu girls went to Tom's funeral as well, not least because women in general simply did not attend funerals; it was "not done." Funeral observance was man's business. This aspect of social etiquette persisted into the 19th century.
Matthew Hopkins is perhaps the most notorious name in English witchcraft, commonly called “The Witch-Finder General”. Throughout 1645-6, Hopkins acquired a reputation as a ‘fingerman’ (informer), paid by local authorities to commit perjury. In 14 months, Hopkins was responsible for the executions of some 230 alleged witches, more than all the other witch-hunters during the 160 years of England’s witchcraft hysteria.
Montague Summers (1880-1948) a Catholic Priest devoutly against witchcraft, an eminent scholar of Trinity College Oxford, and a prolific author who wrote about witchcraft, demonology and vampirism, and believed witches were evil servants of the devil 'Satan', describes Matthew Hopkins as: “an orthodox Puritan of narrowest views, which were certainly adopted for convenience rather than from conviction, he was energetic enough so far as his own pockets were concerned, and his crusade up and down the eastern counties, which created something like a reign of terror at the time, has caused his name to stink in the nostrils of all decent persons ever since”.
‘The Tendring Witchcraft Revelations’ (an unpublished manuscript by C. S. Perryman dated 1725, which compiled information by “divers informers” in 1645, 1646, 1647 and 1648-50) says Hopkins used the Thorn Inn, Mistley, Essex from which to conspired with informers against Witches. They included the Number One Argus, John Thurlow, and William Lilly, the astrological prophet and almanacker.”
John Thurlow was the son of Thomas Thurlow, rector of Abbess Roding, Essex. He was the same age as Matthew Hopkins, also studied law and, as the title of ‘Number One Argus’ indicates, he was Cromwell’s ‘Chief of Secret Service’. In 1645, John Thurlow was appointed one of the Secretaries to the Commissioners of Parliament at the Treaty of Uxbridge, and was probably Hopkins’ link to other sources of Government.
William Lilly was one of England's leading astrologers with both Royalist and Parliamentarian connections. The Tendring Witchcraft Revelations says Hopkins consulted with Lilly “on ... some darker aspects of the Signs of the Times appertaining to witchcraft ...”.
In Hopkins' fathers' will, one of the executors was Nathaniel Bacon (1593-1660), the third son of Edward Bacon of Shrubland Hall. According to Tendring Witchcraft Revelations he was an extreme Puritan and violently anti-Catholic. In 1643, Bacon was elected Recorder of Ipswich, and later Recorder of Bury St. Edmonds. He was also chairman of the Central Committee (sitting at Cambridge) which presided over the 7 counties of the Eastern Counties’ Association. In 1645 Bacon was one of the members of Parliament for Cambridge University.
Poor Katherine -- this would be about the time she was married to him. I wonder if Montague Summers was a descendant.
Once again it is ambiguous if the ladies attended the funeral or not. It's been noted before that women did not go to funerals in 1664. Maybe they said goodbye to cousin Benjamin, and stayed at the house supervising the readying of cakes and tea for afterwards.
On October 14, 1664 Pepys has a valuable insight. Silver plate and utensils are a convenient and useful way to use his savings, and the craftsmanship outweighs the value of the silver involved:
"Coming home, weighed, my two silver flaggons at Stevens’s. They weigh 212 oz. 27 dwt., which is about 50l., at 5s. per oz., and then they judge the fashion to be worth above 5s. per oz. more — nay, some say 10s. an ounce the fashion. But I do not believe, but yet am sorry to see that the fashion is worth so much, and the silver come to no more."
"A Bill for Planting of Hemp and Flax was read the First time [in the H of C]."
Was this a result of the rumor of Louis XIV closing French ports, when most canvas came from France? If so, they moved fast. Bit late for this growing season. If this is a coincidence, I'm surprised England wasn't growing it already ... hemp is a very useful plant for ropes, clothing and paper.
Pepys had a busy day yesterday, so it makes sense they had a Navy Board meeting (no doubt thinking about how to get canvas and other supplies if Louis XIV had closed all French ports), and Pepys diplomatically saying that he was mistaken about the Tangier Mole construction -- of course Lawson and Chomley know best -- and, politically-speaking, shut up about wanting the Prize Office. They may need more ships or to change assignments if the Dutch were issuing Letters of Marque in order to protect English ships ... this wasn't a dull day in the office. This was a catch-up day.
From LAWSON LIES STILL IN THE THAMES by Gill Blanchard, Amberley Publishing 2017, ISBN 978 1 4456 6123 pages 31-33 - 161-165 - 189:
Admiral John Lawson probably had a tense relationship with Sir Hugh Chomley Jr. at the beginning of their task building The Mole at Tangier. Background:
Sir Hugh Chomley Sr. knew Lawson during the First Civil War, when they protected Scarborough together for Parliament -- but in March, 1643 Chomley unexpectedly defected to King Charles. Within a week, Chomley's cousin and Lawson's former commander, Capt. Browne Bushnell, and 8 or 9 townsmen scaled Scarborough Castle walls and retook the fortress. But then Chomley had a chat with his cousin and within 3 days Scarborough Castle was back in Royalist hands.
This time Chomley gave people the choice to stay or leave. Isabelle and John Lawson packed a few belongings (they had either one or two daughters, if it was one, then Isabelle was pregnant). With a few other families they journeyed 36 miles south, either through Royalist-controlled roads or over Royalist-controlled seas, to Hull.
Gov. Sir Hugh Chomley Sr. omits nearly all mention of his Parliamentary career in his memoirs, instead blaming Parliament for changing the rationale for war, failing to resupply him, and dishonoring his name.
Fast forward to 1662, and Hugh Chomley Jr. arrives in Tangier to work on The Mole. Vice Admiral John Lawson, Rear Admiral Sir Richard Stayner, and Sir Edward Mongagu, Earl of Sandwich are rebuilding and expanding the town, and had streets named after them. York Castle and Whitby Fort were probably named for Chomley and his experienced miners and construction men who traveled through France and Spain from Yorkshire to get there.
Until now Lawson had been unforgiving towards people who had betrayed The Cause. Now he had to work with the son of someone he had frequently dismissed as treacherous.
They must have grown to like and respect each other. Upon hearing of Lawson's death, Chomley said it was a great loss to the nation, but also to himself of a powerful, intelligent and worthy partner in their endeavor, and his dear friend.
In Sir John Lawson's will he asked the now Sir Hugh Chomley give the Lawson family whatever consideration he wished for the value of the equipment, boats and material Lawson had invested in The Mole. A few months later Chomley wrote the widowed Lady Lawson saying that, much as he had affection for Sir John, he would have to take legal action if Lawson's executors didn't reimburse him for the money owed for their joint Tangier endeavors, and attached detailed accounts. We do not know the resolution of this dispute, but when Chomley later met with Pepys there was no mention of this disagreement.
Sir Hugh Chomley Jr. omits all mention of Sir John Lawson in his memoir of Tangier and building The Mole. The son must have learned his memoir-writing skills from his father.
In Charles II’s reign, captains could usually expect half the value of the prize and its contents, although allocations did vary; any goods or valuables in the great cabin were reserved for the captain, while the seamen were free to get what else they could between decks.
Captains of the smaller ships were at a clear advantage, as their vessels were employed on cruising and convoy duties and were therefore more likely to encounter enemy warships or merchantmen than those in the main fleet." -- (from Gentlemen and Tarpaulins by JD Davies)
Thanks, Terry. Sometime I need links for the annotations!
My understanding of this entry is:
Capt. Hill, James Coleman, master and Henry Miller, boatswain, survived the sinking of the Eliza. They went to the slopseller and got a copy of the invoice for the clothes delivered before sailing for the 119 men, so it could be paid.
Pepys compared the invoice with the charge-backs logged to individual men's accounts (and therefore taken out of the men's pay).
Of the 21 men saved from the Elias, not one had a draw on his pay for slops/clothing.
But 56 of the 86 drowned men were logged as needing clothing.
The officers confessed they could not prove their own statistics, and asked for the accounting to be destroyed. (Presumably the ship's logs went down with the ship.)
Pepys suspects they were getting a kick-back from the slopseller for putting this invoice through for full payment.
Seems to me the slopseller should be paid in full. This is a cost of doing business for the Navy, surely. And Pepys now has a moral indignation about being compensated for getting payments through the system? HA!
'“Journal of the Earl of Sandwich” edited by R.C. Anderson
'11th. Sunday. This morning came in the Expedition from Guinea, lost company of Major Holmes in the Chops of the Channel.'
Yesterday I chided Pepys for being snarky calling Capt. Robert Holmes "Major" ... and here's Sandwich doing it also. Surely being the Captain of an expedition like this warrants more respect than being called Major? Was Sandwich doubting his seamanship? A Parliamentary Tarpaulin versus Cavalier Gentleman distinction?
"Here was Sir Samuel Morland and his lady very fine, with two footmen in new liverys (the church taking much notice of them), and going into their coach after sermon with great gazeing."
I suspect Morland was property heavy, cash light, and living on credit like other courtiers without portfolio, hoping to attract notice (just like Pepys did with the wigs and velvet clothes). Dressed for success ... gambling that the trappings will attract the income. Worked for Pepys, and not for Morland.
"Major Holmes is come from Guinny, and is now at Plymouth with great wealth, they say."
MAJOR Holmes, Pepys? Is that snarky reference an example of your animus against him because of the 'old business' -- whatever that was -- Holmes had attempted on Elizabeth? We are assured you get over it in later life -- how about making that now.
On the last part of JWB's post above: "He was knighted at Whitehall in 1665, made baronet in 1666. He was sheriff of London at the time of the fire 1666. With his great wealth he bought the crown jewels of Charles II and furnished 300 000 pounds to the Restoration Navy."
BEWARE -- Vyner died in 1665, before the Great Fire. Undoubtedly he did something nice for Charles II to be sold Baronet in 1661. He was knighted by Cromwell. These notes may refer to someone else.
Aldgate was once the heart of London’s sugar-baking industry and, from the mid-17th century onwards, Germans brought their expertise to this volatile and dangerous trade, which required heating vast pans of sugar with an alarming tendency to combust, or even explode.
The hot and sticky atmosphere meant sugar-bakers worked naked, thus avoiding getting their clothes stuck to their bodies and, therefore avoiding the epilatory qualities of sugar.
As an interesting side note, as with other immigrant communities, there was discord over whether English or the language of the homeland should be spoken in their church and, by implication, whether integration or separatism was preferable – this controversy led to this community rioting in Aldgate on December 3, 1767.
Aldgate was once the heart of London’s sugar-baking industry and, from the mid-17th century onwards, Germans brought their expertise to this volatile and dangerous trade, which required heating vast pans of sugar with an alarming tendency to combust, or even explode.
The hot and sticky atmosphere meant sugar-bakers worked naked, thus avoiding getting their clothes stuck to their bodies and, therefore avoiding the epilatory qualities of sugar.
As an interesting side note, as with other immigrant communities, there was discord over whether English or the language of the homeland should be spoken in their church and, by implication, whether integration or separatism was preferable – this controversy led to this community rioting in Aldgate on December 3, 1767.
Parasols and umbrellas were introduced to France and England in the 17th-century by Jesuits who had visited East Asia.
On 22 June 1664, John Evelyn mentioned in his diary a collection of Father Thompson S.J., who had been in China and Japan. Among the artifacts were “fans like those our ladies use, but much larger, and with long handles, strangely carved and filled with Chinese characters” – parasols.
In George Norbury's L&M annotation the last line says, "In 1665 his daughter Katherine (of Islington) married Robert Woolley."
Provided Katherine was an only child, we now know the name of "Mrs. Norbury, and her daughter, ..." in the 8 December 1664 entry. https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
Comments
Second Reading
About Friday 16 December 1664
San Diego Sarah • Link
I refer you to annotations about Tom Pepys' funeral.
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
Mary K on 11 Mar 2017 • Link • Flag
I doubt the Montagu girls went to Tom's funeral as well, not least because women in general simply did not attend funerals; it was "not done." Funeral observance was man's business. This aspect of social etiquette persisted into the 19th century.
About Catherine Mountagu (daughter of Sandwich)
San Diego Sarah • Link
In researching the Witch Finder General, Matthew Hopkins, I discovered Nicholas Bacon was one of his cohorts.
From http://www.witchtrials.co.uk/matt…
Matthew Hopkins is perhaps the most notorious name in English witchcraft, commonly called “The Witch-Finder General”. Throughout 1645-6, Hopkins acquired a reputation as a ‘fingerman’ (informer), paid by local authorities to commit perjury. In 14 months, Hopkins was responsible for the executions of some 230 alleged witches, more than all the other witch-hunters during the 160 years of England’s witchcraft hysteria.
Montague Summers (1880-1948) a Catholic Priest devoutly against witchcraft, an eminent scholar of Trinity College Oxford, and a prolific author who wrote about witchcraft, demonology and vampirism, and believed witches were evil servants of the devil 'Satan', describes Matthew Hopkins as: “an orthodox Puritan of narrowest views, which were certainly adopted for convenience rather than from conviction, he was energetic enough so far as his own pockets were concerned, and his crusade up and down the eastern counties, which created something like a reign of terror at the time, has caused his name to stink in the nostrils of all decent persons ever since”.
‘The Tendring Witchcraft Revelations’ (an unpublished manuscript by C. S. Perryman dated 1725, which compiled information by “divers informers” in 1645, 1646, 1647 and 1648-50) says Hopkins used the Thorn Inn, Mistley, Essex from which to conspired with informers against Witches. They included the Number One Argus, John Thurlow, and William Lilly, the astrological prophet and almanacker.”
John Thurlow was the son of Thomas Thurlow, rector of Abbess Roding, Essex. He was the same age as Matthew Hopkins, also studied law and, as the title of ‘Number One Argus’ indicates, he was Cromwell’s ‘Chief of Secret Service’. In 1645, John Thurlow was appointed one of the Secretaries to the Commissioners of Parliament at the Treaty of Uxbridge, and was probably Hopkins’ link to other sources of Government.
William Lilly was one of England's leading astrologers with both Royalist and Parliamentarian connections. The Tendring Witchcraft Revelations says Hopkins consulted with Lilly “on ... some darker aspects of the Signs of the Times appertaining to witchcraft ...”.
In Hopkins' fathers' will, one of the executors was Nathaniel Bacon (1593-1660), the third son of Edward Bacon of Shrubland Hall. According to Tendring Witchcraft Revelations he was an extreme Puritan and violently anti-Catholic. In 1643, Bacon was elected Recorder of Ipswich, and later Recorder of Bury St. Edmonds. He was also chairman of the Central Committee (sitting at Cambridge) which presided over the 7 counties of the Eastern Counties’ Association. In 1645 Bacon was one of the members of Parliament for Cambridge University.
Poor Katherine -- this would be about the time she was married to him. I wonder if Montague Summers was a descendant.
About Friday 16 December 1664
San Diego Sarah • Link
Once again it is ambiguous if the ladies attended the funeral or not. It's been noted before that women did not go to funerals in 1664. Maybe they said goodbye to cousin Benjamin, and stayed at the house supervising the readying of cakes and tea for afterwards.
About Plate
San Diego Sarah • Link
On October 14, 1664 Pepys has a valuable insight. Silver plate and utensils are a convenient and useful way to use his savings, and the craftsmanship outweighs the value of the silver involved:
"Coming home, weighed, my two silver flaggons at Stevens’s. They weigh 212 oz. 27 dwt., which is about 50l., at 5s. per oz., and then they judge the fashion to be worth above 5s. per oz. more — nay, some say 10s. an ounce the fashion. But I do not believe, but yet am sorry to see that the fashion is worth so much, and the silver come to no more."
http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1…
About Wednesday 14 December 1664
San Diego Sarah • Link
"A Bill for Planting of Hemp and Flax was read the First time [in the H of C]."
Was this a result of the rumor of Louis XIV closing French ports, when most canvas came from France? If so, they moved fast. Bit late for this growing season. If this is a coincidence, I'm surprised England wasn't growing it already ... hemp is a very useful plant for ropes, clothing and paper.
About Tuesday 13 December 1664
San Diego Sarah • Link
Pepys had a busy day yesterday, so it makes sense they had a Navy Board meeting (no doubt thinking about how to get canvas and other supplies if Louis XIV had closed all French ports), and Pepys diplomatically saying that he was mistaken about the Tangier Mole construction -- of course Lawson and Chomley know best -- and, politically-speaking, shut up about wanting the Prize Office. They may need more ships or to change assignments if the Dutch were issuing Letters of Marque in order to protect English ships ... this wasn't a dull day in the office. This was a catch-up day.
About Monday 12 December 1664
San Diego Sarah • Link
From LAWSON LIES STILL IN THE THAMES by Gill Blanchard, Amberley Publishing 2017, ISBN 978 1 4456 6123 pages 31-33 - 161-165 - 189:
Admiral John Lawson probably had a tense relationship with Sir Hugh Chomley Jr. at the beginning of their task building The Mole at Tangier. Background:
Sir Hugh Chomley Sr. knew Lawson during the First Civil War, when they protected Scarborough together for Parliament -- but in March, 1643 Chomley unexpectedly defected to King Charles. Within a week, Chomley's cousin and Lawson's former commander, Capt. Browne Bushnell, and 8 or 9 townsmen scaled Scarborough Castle walls and retook the fortress. But then Chomley had a chat with his cousin and within 3 days Scarborough Castle was back in Royalist hands.
This time Chomley gave people the choice to stay or leave. Isabelle and John Lawson packed a few belongings (they had either one or two daughters, if it was one, then Isabelle was pregnant). With a few other families they journeyed 36 miles south, either through Royalist-controlled roads or over Royalist-controlled seas, to Hull.
Gov. Sir Hugh Chomley Sr. omits nearly all mention of his Parliamentary career in his memoirs, instead blaming Parliament for changing the rationale for war, failing to resupply him, and dishonoring his name.
Fast forward to 1662, and Hugh Chomley Jr. arrives in Tangier to work on The Mole. Vice Admiral John Lawson, Rear Admiral Sir Richard Stayner, and Sir Edward Mongagu, Earl of Sandwich are rebuilding and expanding the town, and had streets named after them. York Castle and Whitby Fort were probably named for Chomley and his experienced miners and construction men who traveled through France and Spain from Yorkshire to get there.
Until now Lawson had been unforgiving towards people who had betrayed The Cause. Now he had to work with the son of someone he had frequently dismissed as treacherous.
They must have grown to like and respect each other. Upon hearing of Lawson's death, Chomley said it was a great loss to the nation, but also to himself of a powerful, intelligent and worthy partner in their endeavor, and his dear friend.
In Sir John Lawson's will he asked the now Sir Hugh Chomley give the Lawson family whatever consideration he wished for the value of the equipment, boats and material Lawson had invested in The Mole. A few months later Chomley wrote the widowed Lady Lawson saying that, much as he had affection for Sir John, he would have to take legal action if Lawson's executors didn't reimburse him for the money owed for their joint Tangier endeavors, and attached detailed accounts. We do not know the resolution of this dispute, but when Chomley later met with Pepys there was no mention of this disagreement.
Sir Hugh Chomley Jr. omits all mention of Sir John Lawson in his memoir of Tangier and building The Mole. The son must have learned his memoir-writing skills from his father.
About Prize office
San Diego Sarah • Link
In Charles II’s reign, captains could usually expect half the value of the prize and its contents, although allocations did vary; any goods or valuables in the great cabin were reserved for the captain, while the seamen were free to get what else they could between decks.
Captains of the smaller ships were at a clear advantage, as their vessels were employed on cruising and convoy duties and were therefore more likely to encounter enemy warships or merchantmen than those in the main fleet."
-- (from Gentlemen and Tarpaulins by JD Davies)
About Saturday 10 December 1664
San Diego Sarah • Link
Thanks, Terry. Sometime I need links for the annotations!
My understanding of this entry is:
Capt. Hill, James Coleman, master and Henry Miller, boatswain, survived the sinking of the Eliza. They went to the slopseller and got a copy of the invoice for the clothes delivered before sailing for the 119 men, so it could be paid.
Pepys compared the invoice with the charge-backs logged to individual men's accounts (and therefore taken out of the men's pay).
Of the 21 men saved from the Elias, not one had a draw on his pay for slops/clothing.
But 56 of the 86 drowned men were logged as needing clothing.
The officers confessed they could not prove their own statistics, and asked for the accounting to be destroyed. (Presumably the ship's logs went down with the ship.)
Pepys suspects they were getting a kick-back from the slopseller for putting this invoice through for full payment.
Seems to me the slopseller should be paid in full. This is a cost of doing business for the Navy, surely. And Pepys now has a moral indignation about being compensated for getting payments through the system? HA!
About Sunday 11 December 1664
San Diego Sarah • Link
'“Journal of the Earl of Sandwich” edited by R.C. Anderson
'11th. Sunday. This morning came in the Expedition from Guinea, lost company of Major Holmes in the Chops of the Channel.'
Yesterday I chided Pepys for being snarky calling Capt. Robert Holmes "Major" ... and here's Sandwich doing it also. Surely being the Captain of an expedition like this warrants more respect than being called Major? Was Sandwich doubting his seamanship? A Parliamentary Tarpaulin versus Cavalier Gentleman distinction?
About Sunday 11 December 1664
San Diego Sarah • Link
"Here was Sir Samuel Morland and his lady very fine, with two footmen in new liverys (the church taking much notice of them), and going into their coach after sermon with great gazeing."
I suspect Morland was property heavy, cash light, and living on credit like other courtiers without portfolio, hoping to attract notice (just like Pepys did with the wigs and velvet clothes). Dressed for success ... gambling that the trappings will attract the income. Worked for Pepys, and not for Morland.
About Sunday 11 December 1664
San Diego Sarah • Link
Curious that Pepys goes to the French church, but apparently didn't take Elizabeth.
About Saturday 10 December 1664
San Diego Sarah • Link
Could someone explain Jeannine's post from the Navy White Book about clothes and slops please.
About Saturday 10 December 1664
San Diego Sarah • Link
"Major Holmes is come from Guinny, and is now at Plymouth with great wealth, they say."
MAJOR Holmes, Pepys? Is that snarky reference an example of your animus against him because of the 'old business' -- whatever that was -- Holmes had attempted on Elizabeth? We are assured you get over it in later life -- how about making that now.
About Wednesday 30 November 1664
San Diego Sarah • Link
Worthy of a second posting, Sasha.
About Sir Thomas Vyner
San Diego Sarah • Link
There's now a small and largely unhelpful Wikipedia site for Sir Thomas Vyner:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir…
On the last part of JWB's post above: "He was knighted at Whitehall in 1665, made baronet in 1666. He was sheriff of London at the time of the fire 1666. With his great wealth he bought the crown jewels of Charles II and furnished 300 000 pounds to the Restoration Navy."
BEWARE -- Vyner died in 1665, before the Great Fire. Undoubtedly he did something nice for Charles II to be sold Baronet in 1661. He was knighted by Cromwell. These notes may refer to someone else.
About Sugar
San Diego Sarah • Link
Aldgate was once the heart of London’s sugar-baking industry and, from the mid-17th century onwards, Germans brought their expertise to this volatile and dangerous trade, which required heating vast pans of sugar with an alarming tendency to combust, or even explode.
The hot and sticky atmosphere meant sugar-bakers worked naked, thus avoiding getting their clothes stuck to their bodies and, therefore avoiding the epilatory qualities of sugar.
As an interesting side note, as with other immigrant communities, there was discord over whether English or the language of the homeland should be spoken in their church and, by implication, whether integration or separatism was preferable – this controversy led to this community rioting in Aldgate on December 3, 1767.
From http://spitalfieldslife.com/2017/…... which has lovely pictures of the 18th century German Lutheran church
About Wednesday 10 February 1663/64
San Diego Sarah • Link
Aldgate was once the heart of London’s sugar-baking industry and, from the mid-17th century onwards, Germans brought their expertise to this volatile and dangerous trade, which required heating vast pans of sugar with an alarming tendency to combust, or even explode.
The hot and sticky atmosphere meant sugar-bakers worked naked, thus avoiding getting their clothes stuck to their bodies and, therefore avoiding the epilatory qualities of sugar.
As an interesting side note, as with other immigrant communities, there was discord over whether English or the language of the homeland should be spoken in their church and, by implication, whether integration or separatism was preferable – this controversy led to this community rioting in Aldgate on December 3, 1767.
From http://spitalfieldslife.com/2017/… which has lovely pictures of the 18th century German Lutheran church
About Thursday 8 December 1664
San Diego Sarah • Link
Umbrellas:
https://aleteia.org/2017/08/01/12…
Parasols and umbrellas were introduced to France and England in the 17th-century by Jesuits who had visited East Asia.
On 22 June 1664, John Evelyn mentioned in his diary a collection of Father Thompson S.J., who had been in China and Japan. Among the artifacts were “fans like those our ladies use, but much larger, and with long handles, strangely carved and filled with Chinese characters” – parasols.
About Sarah Norbury (aunt)
San Diego Sarah • Link
In George Norbury's L&M annotation the last line says, "In 1665 his daughter Katherine (of Islington) married Robert Woolley."
Provided Katherine was an only child, we now know the name of "Mrs. Norbury, and her daughter, ..." in the 8 December 1664 entry.
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…