"Mr. Mills ... must have been disconcerted to see someone (known to often snooze in sermons) not only wide-awake, but taking notes..."
Sam knew a form of shorthand which must have been slow because you had to stop to put ink on the quill. Now he has a pen with an ink bag he can try for speed. I never took a pen to church, but I did outlined many a sermon with my hand on my knee in an effort to increase my shorthand speed. Yes, Rev. Milles must have thought it was -- at best -- strange behavior. My preacher was just pleased to see people in the pews.
"Among other things talked of young Dawes that married the great fortune, who it seems has a Baronet’s patent given him, and is now Sir Thos. Dawes, and a very fine bred man they say he is."
Young Dawes is John ... recently married to an heiress (see below). John's father is Sir Thomas, who was bankrupted by the Civil War, and to my mind it is probably Thomas who was given the Baronet patent. Pepys seems to have run two stories together here.
http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1… Sunday 3 May 1663 (Lord’s day). So made myself ready and to church, where Sir W. Penn showed me the young lady which young Dawes, that sits in the new corner-pew in the church, hath stole away from Sir Andrew Rickard, her guardian, worth 1,000l. per annum present, good land, and some money, and a very well-bred and handsome lady: he, I doubt, but a simple fellow. However he got this good luck to get her, which methinks I could envy him with all my heart.
http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1… Sunday 3 May 1663 (Lord’s day). So made myself ready and to church, where Sir W. Pen showed me the young lady which young Dawes, that sits in the new corner-pew in the church, hath stole away from Sir Andrew Rickard, her guardian, worth 1,000l. per annum present, good land, and some money, and a very well-bred and handsome lady: he, I doubt, but a simple fellow. However he got this good luck to get her, which methinks I could envy him with all my heart.
"... St. Dunstan’s Church, hard by us (where by Mrs. Russell’s means we were set well) ..." Mrs. Russell apparently lived in the parish of St. Dunstan-in-the-East, and had either bought a pew, or had enough influence, to get Sam and friends good seats for the service, so she must have arranged this ahead of time.
Richard Foden on 27 Oct 2007 • Link • Flag The George Inn, Holborn, was used as London point of departure for stage coaches from the 1650s onwards. See advert in Mercurius Politicus, April 8th 1658, quoted in Martim de Albuquerque's "Notes and Queries" No. 14, page 146, published 1850 : "All persons who desire to travel into the cities, towns and roads, herein hereafter mentioned ... let them repair to the George Inn at Holborn Bridge, London, and thence they shall be in good coaches with good horses, upon every Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at and for reasonable rates" Pepys took his wife there on Monday, 28 July 1662 to take the coach to Bugden (Buckden in Cambridgeshire). So presumably this is where she left from today as well.
re: August 5, 1663 Terry Foreman on 7 Mar 2015 posted:
"Mr. Grant’s report in favour of Sir W. Petty’s vessel" The report was made at the Royal Society's meeting of 29 July. (L&M footnote)
There is a considerable amount of information concerning Sir William Petty's double-keeled boat in Birch's "History of the Royal Society" (vol. i.), summarized in a long footnote in "The Diary of Samuel Pepys: For the First Time Fully Transcribed", ed. Mynors Bright, Richard Griffin Baron Braybrooke, 1899, pp. 232-3 footnote. https://books.google.com/books?pg…...
"... who should meet us but my lady Jemimah, who saw me lead her but said nothing to me of her ..."
It was just a matter of time, Sam ... you are a known person in Westminster these days. Need to move your action to a more discreet place, like Chelsea.
"... if Ashwell goes I am resolved to have no more, but to live poorly and low again for a good while, and save money and keep my wife within bounds if I can, ... this height that my wife is come to being occasioned from my own folly in giving her too much head heretofore for the year past."
Poor Bess ... she was lonely and asked for a companion; she was bored and suggested dancing lessons for them both ... a social skill Pepys has yet to put to good use. Now he's decided to save money by sending her back to embroidery by the fire alone as a way of enforcing "good" behavior. It can't work, Samuel. She needs something to do.
CHATHAM is in the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Rochester. The parish church, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, stands on the chalk cliff, just above the Old Dock, more than a quarter of a mile north-westward from the High Street. This church, built in 1316 for bishop Thomas de Woldham; ... The east end of of the church is all that remains of that building; the north and south isles being more modern, as the dock and navy establishments having been so greatly enlarged, the inhabitants became so numerous, that the old church was too small; so the navy commissioners in 1635 repaired the church, rebuilt and enlarged the west end, and erected the steeple; ... Among other monuments are — In the chancel, ... for Edw. Yardley, gent. of Chatham, obt. 1655; and Dorothy his wife, 1657; had six sons and two daughters. In the nave, two brass plates, inscription for Steven Borough, died 1584, born at Northam, Devonshire; he discovered Muscovia, by the northern sea passage to St. Nicholas, in 1553; at his setting forth from England, he was accompanied by two other ships, Sir Hugh Willoughby being admiral of the fleet, who, with all the two ships companies, were frozen to death in Lappia the same winter after his discovery of Russia, and the adjoining coasts of Lappia, Nova Zembla, and the country of Samoyeda, &c. he frequented the trade yearly to St. Nicholas, as chief pilot for the voyage, till he was chosen one of the masters in ordinary of the queen's royal navy, which he was employed in till his death. A monument for Sir John Cox, a captain and commander in the navy, slain in a sea engagement with the Dutch, in 1672. A memorial for the Fletchers, master carvers of the dock yard, and their families. A memorial for the Mawdistlys of this parish; ... A monument for Robert Wilkinson, alias Edilbury, gent. of Denbighshire, obt. 1610. Near the west door, on a pedestal, the figure of a man to the middle, lying his right hand on a death's head, and holding a book in his left, for Kenrike, Edisbury, esq. of Marchwell, Denbighshire, surveyor of the navy, ob. 1638; he married Mary, daughter and heir of Edward Peters, alias Harding, gent. of Rochester. In the belfry stands the figure of a man, in a praying posture, dressed in the habit of Queen Elizabeth's time. Mr. John Pyham, late minister of this parish, gave to this church a silver flaggon and two silver plates, in 1636. Mr. Benjamin Ruffhead, anchorsmith of the dock, gave the branch and iron work, in 1689; he also gave a silver bason, in 1694.
CHATHAM is in the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Rochester. The church, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, stands on the chalk cliff, just above the Old Dock, more than a quarter of a mile north-westward from the High Street. This church, built in 1316 for bishop Thomas de Woldham; ... The east end of of the church is all that remains of that building; the north and south isles being more modern, as the dock and navy establishments having been so greatly enlarged, the inhabitants became so numerous, that the old church was too small; so the navy commissioners in 1635 repaired the church, rebuilt and enlarged the west end, and erected the steeple; ... Among other monuments are — In the chancel, ... for Edw. Yardley, gent. of Chatham, obt. 1655; and Dorothy his wife, 1657; had six sons and two daughters. In the nave, two brass plates, inscription for Steven Borough, died 1584, born at Northam, Devonshire; he discovered Muscovia, by the northern sea passage to St. Nicholas, in 1553; at his setting forth from England, he was accompanied by two other ships, Sir Hugh Willoughby being admiral of the fleet, who, with all the two ships companies, were frozen to death in Lappia the same winter after his discovery of Russia, and the adjoining coasts of Lappia, Nova Zembla, and the country of Samoyeda, &c. he frequented the trade yearly to St. Nicholas, as chief pilot for the voyage, till he was chosen one of the masters in ordinary of the queen's royal navy, which he was employed in till his death. A monument for Sir John Cox, a captain and commander in the navy, slain in a sea engagement with the Dutch, in 1672. A memorial for the Fletchers, master carvers of the dock yard, and their families. A memorial for the Mawdistlys of this parish; ... A monument for Robert Wilkinson, alias Edilbury, gent. of Denbighshire, obt. 1610. Near the west door, on a pedestal, the figure of a man to the middle, lying his right hand on a death's head, and holding a book in his left, for Kenrike, Edisbury, esq. of Marchwell, Denbighshire, surveyor of the navy, ob. 1638; he married Mary, daughter and heir of Edward Peters, alias Harding, gent. of Rochester. In the belfry stands the figure of a man, in a praying posture, dressed in the habit of queen Elizabeth's time. Mr. John Pyham, late minister of this parish, gave to this church a silver flaggon and two silver plates, in 1636. Mr. Benjamin Ruffhead, anchorsmith of the dock, gave the branch and iron work, in 1689; he also gave a silver bason, in 1694. Hightlights from http://www.british-history.ac.uk/…
"Among Montagu’s numerous relatives were a family of Northamptonshire landowners named Pickering. Sir Gilbert (1613-38), faithful to Cromwell, married Elizabeth Sandwich; one of their dozen offspring, Betty, was the wife of Pepys’s significant rival John Creed."
Warren Keith Wright has made an easy mistake here: Admiral Sir Edward Montagu, Earl of Sandwich's sister, Elizabeth Montagu, married Sir Gilbert Pickering.
We know the Hebrews drank "Shekar" and the Greeks "Sikera" (a drink obtained by cooking apples with fermented juice). Before the Christian era, the peoples of Europe produced drinks similar to cider from a variety of fruit. STABON, the Greek geographer, described the abundance of apple and pear trees in Gaul and mentioned the "Phitarra" in the Basque country, which was a drink made by boiling apples in water with honey. In the 4th century PALLADIUS tells us the Romans prepared pear wine. At the end of the 4th century, St. Gerome mentioned perry (Piracium) and was the first to introduce the word into Latin. He also introduced "Sicera" for Cider (in English) or Sidre and Cidre (in French). Progress in apple and pear tree husbandry, and the care in Merovingian times included a Salic law: those who damage fruit trees were to be severely punished. In the 9th century, Charlemagne ordered skilled brewers (the Sicetores) be kept on his estates to prepare ale, "pommé" (pomacium), perry, and all the liquors liable to be used as drinks. In 1163, Enjuger de Bodon granted the Abbey of Moutiers, Normandy, the tythe from the apples, orchards and woods. Other similar acts can be found throughout the century. Normandy vineyards acquired their highest degree of prosperity in the 11th and 12th centuries. In the 13th century: THE INVENTION OF THE PRESS. At the end of the 13th century, wine and cider brokers named by municipal officers were established in the city of Caen. Religious houses in High Normandy were given cider in the 14th century. In 1371, about as much cider as wine was sold in Caen. The Hundred Years War was for Normandy a time of desolation during which agriculture suffered and cider was submitted to heavy levies. In the 15th century, cider was the usual beverage in High and Low Normandy. From the 15th century, progress was made in its presentation. GUILLAUME DURSUS settled near Valognes in the Cotentin. He improved apple species, planting and popularising the varieties . SIRE DE GAUBERVILLE also improved apple trees, and fermentation of cider in Cotentin, producing his first vintage in 1553. At the time, fruit-growing specialists recommended the use of sour-sweet apples to press a delicate tasting cider, adding a few acid apples to avoid blackening. They classified ciders by their colour and flavour. In 1588, Julien LE PAULMIER, a Norman and Charles IX's physician, published "De Vino et pomaco" which made cider recognized as a healthy drink, and praised for its medicinal properties. Under Louis XIII, because of wine taxes, Normandy vineyards were largely pulled up, and cultivation of apples spread to neighbouring areas. The consumption of cider grew, but was halted several times by war, crippling levies and the poverty of the population. In 1720, the state became interested in fruit growing and set up nurseries. http://www.applejournal.com/fr05.…
"... by and by came Sir G. Carteret and we all looked into matters, and then by water back to Deptford, where we dined with him at his house, ..." http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1…
"... by and by came Sir G. Carteret and we all looked into matters, and then by water back to Deptford, where we dined with him at his house, ..." http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1…
"Tom Hater, to whom I gave leave ... to go down to Portsmouth this Pay." The dockyards were paid quarterly. (L&M footnote)
http://www.historic-uk.com/Cultur… As Quarter Days fall near the solstices or equinoxes, the days are associated with the beginning of a new season. There are traditionally four “quarter days” in a year [Lady Day on 25 March, Midsummer on 24 June, Michaelmas on 29 September, and Christmas on 25 December]. They are spaced three months apart, on religious festivals. They were the four dates on which servants were hired, rents due, or leases begun.
Apparently the Navy didn't follow this tradition, or the Pay would have been done last month. Does L&M give us any enlightenment on that?
Venice treacle, given by Thomas Sydenham to Catherine Sedley, Countess of Dorchester in 1686, contained more than 70 ingredients including: wormwood, orange peel, angelica, nutmeg, horseradish, scurvy grass, white horehound, centaury, camomile, and juniper berries. All infused in 5 pints of sack! And what was this medicine for? A headache. Mind you, she did have good reason for a headache that year.
"... we made shift to lie, but with little ease, ... and a little spaniel by us, ... a pretty dogg, ... and do belong to Mrs. Gauden, which we, therefore, are very careful of."
http://www.ckcsc.org/ckcsc/ckcsc_… The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel of today is descended from the small Toy Spaniels seen in so many of the 16th, 17th, and 18th century paintings by Titian, Van Dyck, Lely, Stubbs, Gainsborough, Reynolds, and Romney. These paintings show small spaniels with flat heads, high set ears, almond eyes, and rather pointed noses.
During Tudor times, Toy Spaniels were quite common as ladies' pets, but it was under the Stuarts that they were given the royal title of King Charles Spaniels.
History tells us Charles II was seldom seen without two or three spaniels at his heels. So fond was Charles II of his little dogs, he wrote a decree that the King Charles Spaniel should be accepted in any public place, even in the Houses of Parliament where animals were not usually allowed. This decree is still in existence today in England.
During the 16th century, a small type of spaniel was popular among the nobility in England. The people of the time believed that these dogs could keep fleas away, and some even believed that they could prevent forms of stomach illnesses. These dogs were sometimes called the "Spaniel Gentle" or "Comforter", as ladies taking a carriage ride would take a spaniel on their laps to keep them warm during the winter.
Charles I kept a spaniel named Rogue while residing at Carisbrooke Castle; however, it is with Charles II that this breed is closely associated and it was said of him that "His Majesty was seldom seen without his little dogs". There is a myth that he even issued an edict that no spaniels of this type could be denied entry to any public place.
During the reign of William III and Mary II, the long nosed style of spaniel went out of fashion. The Pug was the favored dog at the time in the Netherlands, and with William's Dutch origin, they became popular in England too. At this time interbreeding may have occurred with the Pug, or other flat nosed breeds, as the King Charles took on some Pug-like characteristics
The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is one of the largest toy breeds. Historically it was a lap dog, and modern day adults can fill a lap easily. Nonetheless, it is small for a spaniel, with fully-grown adults comparable in size to adolescents of other larger spaniel breeds.
For centuries, the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (a namesake of Charles II of Britain) has been recorded in paintings and tapestries together with their aristocratic families. It is obvious from these works of art that Cavaliers were a luxury item and lived "the easy life" as house pets. Although used successfully for shooting small game, the Cavalier’s true purpose has always been that of companion.
"... direction of one goodman Arthur, whom we met on the way, ..." Does the description of Arthur as being a goodman mean anything significant, like a tradesman? Or is it just a clarification as being opposite to a badman like a vagabond or highwayman?
Dr. John Pepys (1576-1652) of Ashtead, Surrey; Pepys' third cousin once removed; father of Jane Turner. The much-loved man of business and executor to Lord Chief Justice Edward Coke. He married Anne, daughter of Terry Walpole of Houghton, Norf., in 1610. They had a son Edward (named after Coke) and two daughters, Elizabeth (Dyke) and Jane (Turner), and lived for some time in Salisbury Court, possibly in the house the Turners occupied in the diary period.
Their Ashtead house was taxed at ten hearths. (L&M Companion)
Lyra Violl -- according to Michael Robinson on 26 May 2006:
Lyra -- a small bass viol popular in England during the 17th century. For further details of this and other viols and their tuning see: http://www.vdgsa.org/pgs/stuff.ht…
A Brief Introduction to Playing on the Bass Viol from: Playford, An Introduction to the skill of music” (1674) see:- http://www.violadagamba.org/html/…
Pepys apparently owned a copy, with additional blank leaves bound in for further lessons to be added in Ms., to Playford’s “Musick’s Recreation: on the Lyra Viol. Being a collection of new and excellent lessons.” 165[2]; see Diary, Sat. May 23, 1663.
Comments
Second Reading
About Sunday 9 August 1663
San Diego Sarah • Link
"Mr. Mills ... must have been disconcerted to see someone (known to often snooze in sermons) not only wide-awake, but taking notes..."
Sam knew a form of shorthand which must have been slow because you had to stop to put ink on the quill. Now he has a pen with an ink bag he can try for speed. I never took a pen to church, but I did outlined many a sermon with my hand on my knee in an effort to increase my shorthand speed. Yes, Rev. Milles must have thought it was -- at best -- strange behavior. My preacher was just pleased to see people in the pews.
About Sunday 9 August 1663
San Diego Sarah • Link
"Among other things talked of young Dawes that married the great fortune, who it seems has a Baronet’s patent given him, and is now Sir Thos. Dawes, and a very fine bred man they say he is."
Young Dawes is John ... recently married to an heiress (see below). John's father is Sir Thomas, who was bankrupted by the Civil War, and to my mind it is probably Thomas who was given the Baronet patent. Pepys seems to have run two stories together here.
http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1…
Sunday 3 May 1663 (Lord’s day).
So made myself ready and to church, where Sir W. Penn showed me the young lady which young Dawes, that sits in the new corner-pew in the church, hath stole away from Sir Andrew Rickard, her guardian, worth 1,000l. per annum present, good land, and some money, and a very well-bred and handsome lady: he, I doubt, but a simple fellow. However he got this good luck to get her, which methinks I could envy him with all my heart.
About Sir John Dawes
San Diego Sarah • Link
http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1…
Sunday 3 May 1663 (Lord’s day).
So made myself ready and to church, where Sir W. Pen showed me the young lady which young Dawes, that sits in the new corner-pew in the church, hath stole away from Sir Andrew Rickard, her guardian, worth 1,000l. per annum present, good land, and some money, and a very well-bred and handsome lady: he, I doubt, but a simple fellow. However he got this good luck to get her, which methinks I could envy him with all my heart.
About St Dunstan-in-the-East
San Diego Sarah • Link
"... St. Dunstan’s Church, hard by us (where by Mrs. Russell’s means we were set well) ..." Mrs. Russell apparently lived in the parish of St. Dunstan-in-the-East, and had either bought a pew, or had enough influence, to get Sam and friends good seats for the service, so she must have arranged this ahead of time.
About Monday 15 June 1663
San Diego Sarah • Link
Richard Foden on 27 Oct 2007 • Link • Flag
The George Inn, Holborn, was used as London point of departure for stage coaches from the 1650s onwards.
See advert in Mercurius Politicus, April 8th 1658, quoted in Martim de Albuquerque's "Notes and Queries" No. 14, page 146, published 1850 : "All persons who desire to travel into the cities, towns and roads, herein hereafter mentioned ... let them repair to the George Inn at Holborn Bridge, London, and thence they shall be in good coaches with good horses, upon every Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at and for reasonable rates"
Pepys took his wife there on Monday, 28 July 1662 to take the coach to Bugden (Buckden in Cambridgeshire). So presumably this is where she left from today as well.
About Capt. John Graunt
San Diego Sarah • Link
re: August 5, 1663
Terry Foreman on 7 Mar 2015 posted:
"Mr. Grant’s report in favour of Sir W. Petty’s vessel" The report was made at the Royal Society's meeting of 29 July. (L&M footnote)
There is a considerable amount of information concerning Sir William Petty's double-keeled boat in Birch's "History of the Royal Society" (vol. i.), summarized in a long footnote in "The Diary of Samuel Pepys: For the First Time Fully Transcribed", ed. Mynors Bright, Richard Griffin Baron Braybrooke, 1899, pp. 232-3 footnote. https://books.google.com/books?pg…...
About Wednesday 5 August 1663
San Diego Sarah • Link
"... who should meet us but my lady Jemimah, who saw me lead her but said nothing to me of her ..."
It was just a matter of time, Sam ... you are a known person in Westminster these days. Need to move your action to a more discreet place, like Chelsea.
About Tuesday 4 August 1663
San Diego Sarah • Link
"... if Ashwell goes I am resolved to have no more, but to live poorly and low again for a good while, and save money and keep my wife within bounds if I can, ... this height that my wife is come to being occasioned from my own folly in giving her too much head heretofore for the year past."
Poor Bess ... she was lonely and asked for a companion; she was bored and suggested dancing lessons for them both ... a social skill Pepys has yet to put to good use. Now he's decided to save money by sending her back to embroidery by the fire alone as a way of enforcing "good" behavior. It can't work, Samuel. She needs something to do.
About Chatham, Kent
San Diego Sarah • Link
Hightlights from http://www.british-history.ac.uk/…...
CHATHAM is in the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Rochester. The parish church, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, stands on the chalk cliff, just above the Old Dock, more than a quarter of a mile north-westward from the High Street.
This church, built in 1316 for bishop Thomas de Woldham; ...
The east end of of the church is all that remains of that building; the north and south isles being more modern, as the dock and navy establishments having been so greatly enlarged, the inhabitants became so numerous, that the old church was too small; so the navy commissioners in 1635 repaired the church, rebuilt and enlarged the west end, and erected the steeple; ...
Among other monuments are — In the chancel, ... for Edw. Yardley, gent. of Chatham, obt. 1655; and Dorothy his wife, 1657; had six sons and two daughters.
In the nave, two brass plates, inscription for Steven Borough, died 1584, born at Northam, Devonshire; he discovered Muscovia, by the northern sea passage to St. Nicholas, in 1553; at his setting forth from England, he was accompanied by two other ships, Sir Hugh Willoughby being admiral of the fleet, who, with all the two ships companies, were frozen to death in Lappia the same winter after his discovery of Russia, and the adjoining coasts of Lappia, Nova Zembla, and the country of Samoyeda, &c. he frequented the trade yearly to St. Nicholas, as chief pilot for the voyage, till he was chosen one of the masters in ordinary of the queen's royal navy, which he was employed in till his death.
A monument for Sir John Cox, a captain and commander in the navy, slain in a sea engagement with the Dutch, in 1672.
A memorial for the Fletchers, master carvers of the dock yard, and their families.
A memorial for the Mawdistlys of this parish; ...
A monument for Robert Wilkinson, alias Edilbury, gent. of Denbighshire, obt. 1610.
Near the west door, on a pedestal, the figure of a man to the middle, lying his right hand on a death's head, and holding a book in his left, for Kenrike, Edisbury, esq. of Marchwell, Denbighshire, surveyor of the navy, ob. 1638; he married Mary, daughter and heir of Edward Peters, alias Harding, gent. of Rochester.
In the belfry stands the figure of a man, in a praying posture, dressed in the habit of Queen Elizabeth's time.
Mr. John Pyham, late minister of this parish, gave to this church a silver flaggon and two silver plates, in 1636.
Mr. Benjamin Ruffhead, anchorsmith of the dock, gave the branch and iron work, in 1689; he also gave a silver bason, in 1694.
About Sunday 2 August 1663
San Diego Sarah • Link
CHATHAM is in the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Rochester.
The church, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, stands on the chalk cliff, just above the Old Dock, more than a quarter of a mile north-westward from the High Street.
This church, built in 1316 for bishop Thomas de Woldham; ...
The east end of of the church is all that remains of that building; the north and south isles being more modern, as the dock and navy establishments having been so greatly enlarged, the inhabitants became so numerous, that the old church was too small; so the navy commissioners in 1635 repaired the church, rebuilt and enlarged the west end, and erected the steeple; ...
Among other monuments are — In the chancel, ... for Edw. Yardley, gent. of Chatham, obt. 1655; and Dorothy his wife, 1657; had six sons and two daughters.
In the nave, two brass plates, inscription for Steven Borough, died 1584, born at Northam, Devonshire; he discovered Muscovia, by the northern sea passage to St. Nicholas, in 1553; at his setting forth from England, he was accompanied by two other ships, Sir Hugh Willoughby being admiral of the fleet, who, with all the two ships companies, were frozen to death in Lappia the same winter after his discovery of Russia, and the adjoining coasts of Lappia, Nova Zembla, and the country of Samoyeda, &c. he frequented the trade yearly to St. Nicholas, as chief pilot for the voyage, till he was chosen one of the masters in ordinary of the queen's royal navy, which he was employed in till his death.
A monument for Sir John Cox, a captain and commander in the navy, slain in a sea engagement with the Dutch, in 1672.
A memorial for the Fletchers, master carvers of the dock yard, and their families.
A memorial for the Mawdistlys of this parish; ...
A monument for Robert Wilkinson, alias Edilbury, gent. of Denbighshire, obt. 1610.
Near the west door, on a pedestal, the figure of a man to the middle, lying his right hand on a death's head, and holding a book in his left, for Kenrike, Edisbury, esq. of Marchwell, Denbighshire, surveyor of the navy, ob. 1638; he married Mary, daughter and heir of Edward Peters, alias Harding, gent. of Rochester.
In the belfry stands the figure of a man, in a praying posture, dressed in the habit of queen Elizabeth's time.
Mr. John Pyham, late minister of this parish, gave to this church a silver flaggon and two silver plates, in 1636.
Mr. Benjamin Ruffhead, anchorsmith of the dock, gave the branch and iron work, in 1689; he also gave a silver bason, in 1694.
Hightlights from http://www.british-history.ac.uk/…
About Edward Pickering
San Diego Sarah • Link
"Among Montagu’s numerous relatives were a family of Northamptonshire landowners named Pickering. Sir Gilbert (1613-38), faithful to Cromwell, married Elizabeth Sandwich; one of their dozen offspring, Betty, was the wife of Pepys’s significant rival John Creed."
Warren Keith Wright has made an easy mistake here: Admiral Sir Edward Montagu, Earl of Sandwich's sister, Elizabeth Montagu, married Sir Gilbert Pickering.
About Cider
San Diego Sarah • Link
Pepys seems to like French Syder:
We know the Hebrews drank "Shekar" and the Greeks "Sikera" (a drink obtained by cooking apples with fermented juice).
Before the Christian era, the peoples of Europe produced drinks similar to cider from a variety of fruit.
STABON, the Greek geographer, described the abundance of apple and pear trees in Gaul and mentioned the "Phitarra" in the Basque country, which was a drink made by boiling apples in water with honey.
In the 4th century PALLADIUS tells us the Romans prepared pear wine.
At the end of the 4th century, St. Gerome mentioned perry (Piracium) and was the first to introduce the word into Latin. He also introduced "Sicera" for Cider (in English) or Sidre and Cidre (in French).
Progress in apple and pear tree husbandry, and the care in Merovingian times included a Salic law: those who damage fruit trees were to be severely punished.
In the 9th century, Charlemagne ordered skilled brewers (the Sicetores) be kept on his estates to prepare ale, "pommé" (pomacium), perry, and all the liquors liable to be used as drinks.
In 1163, Enjuger de Bodon granted the Abbey of Moutiers, Normandy, the tythe from the apples, orchards and woods. Other similar acts can be found throughout the century. Normandy vineyards acquired their highest degree of prosperity in the 11th and 12th centuries.
In the 13th century: THE INVENTION OF THE PRESS.
At the end of the 13th century, wine and cider brokers named by municipal officers were established in the city of Caen.
Religious houses in High Normandy were given cider in the 14th century. In 1371, about as much cider as wine was sold in Caen.
The Hundred Years War was for Normandy a time of desolation during which agriculture suffered and cider was submitted to heavy levies.
In the 15th century, cider was the usual beverage in High and Low Normandy.
From the 15th century, progress was made in its presentation.
GUILLAUME DURSUS settled near Valognes in the Cotentin. He improved apple species, planting and popularising the varieties .
SIRE DE GAUBERVILLE also improved apple trees, and fermentation of cider in Cotentin, producing his first vintage in 1553.
At the time, fruit-growing specialists recommended the use of sour-sweet apples to press a delicate tasting cider, adding a few acid apples to avoid blackening. They classified ciders by their colour and flavour.
In 1588, Julien LE PAULMIER, a Norman and Charles IX's physician, published "De Vino et pomaco" which made cider recognized as a healthy drink, and praised for its medicinal properties.
Under Louis XIII, because of wine taxes, Normandy vineyards were largely pulled up, and cultivation of apples spread to neighbouring areas. The consumption of cider grew, but was halted several times by war, crippling levies and the poverty of the population.
In 1720, the state became interested in fruit growing and set up nurseries.
http://www.applejournal.com/fr05.…
About Sir George Carteret (Treasurer of the Navy 1660-7, Vice-Chamberlain of the Household 1660-70)
San Diego Sarah • Link
"... by and by came Sir G. Carteret and we all looked into matters, and then by water back to Deptford, where we dined with him at his house, ..." http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1…
About Deptford, Kent
San Diego Sarah • Link
"... by and by came Sir G. Carteret and we all looked into matters, and then by water back to Deptford, where we dined with him at his house, ..." http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1…
About Wednesday 29 July 1663
San Diego Sarah • Link
"Tom Hater, to whom I gave leave ... to go down to Portsmouth this Pay." The dockyards were paid quarterly. (L&M footnote)
http://www.historic-uk.com/Cultur…
As Quarter Days fall near the solstices or equinoxes, the days are associated with the beginning of a new season.
There are traditionally four “quarter days” in a year [Lady Day on 25 March, Midsummer on 24 June, Michaelmas on 29 September, and Christmas on 25 December].
They are spaced three months apart, on religious festivals. They were the four dates on which servants were hired, rents due, or leases begun.
Apparently the Navy didn't follow this tradition, or the Pay would have been done last month. Does L&M give us any enlightenment on that?
About Other
San Diego Sarah • Link
Venice treacle, given by Thomas Sydenham to Catherine Sedley, Countess of Dorchester in 1686, contained more than 70 ingredients including: wormwood, orange peel, angelica, nutmeg, horseradish, scurvy grass, white horehound, centaury, camomile, and juniper berries. All infused in 5 pints of sack!
And what was this medicine for? A headache. Mind you, she did have good reason for a headache that year.
About Saturday 25 July 1663
San Diego Sarah • Link
"... we made shift to lie, but with little ease, ... and a little spaniel by us, ... a pretty dogg, ... and do belong to Mrs. Gauden, which we, therefore, are very careful of."
http://www.ckcsc.org/ckcsc/ckcsc_…
The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel of today is descended from the small Toy Spaniels seen in so many of the 16th, 17th, and 18th century paintings by Titian, Van Dyck, Lely, Stubbs, Gainsborough, Reynolds, and Romney. These paintings show small spaniels with flat heads, high set ears, almond eyes, and rather pointed noses.
During Tudor times, Toy Spaniels were quite common as ladies' pets, but it was under the Stuarts that they were given the royal title of King Charles Spaniels.
History tells us Charles II was seldom seen without two or three spaniels at his heels. So fond was Charles II of his little dogs, he wrote a decree that the King Charles Spaniel should be accepted in any public place, even in the Houses of Parliament where animals were not usually allowed. This decree is still in existence today in England.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cava…
During the 16th century, a small type of spaniel was popular among the nobility in England. The people of the time believed that these dogs could keep fleas away, and some even believed that they could prevent forms of stomach illnesses. These dogs were sometimes called the "Spaniel Gentle" or "Comforter", as ladies taking a carriage ride would take a spaniel on their laps to keep them warm during the winter.
Charles I kept a spaniel named Rogue while residing at Carisbrooke Castle;
however, it is with Charles II that this breed is closely associated and it was said of him that "His Majesty was seldom seen without his little dogs". There is a myth that he even issued an edict that no spaniels of this type could be denied entry to any public place.
During the reign of William III and Mary II, the long nosed style of spaniel went out of fashion. The Pug was the favored dog at the time in the Netherlands, and with William's Dutch origin, they became popular in England too. At this time interbreeding may have occurred with the Pug, or other flat nosed breeds, as the King Charles took on some Pug-like characteristics
The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is one of the largest toy breeds. Historically it was a lap dog, and modern day adults can fill a lap easily. Nonetheless, it is small for a spaniel, with fully-grown adults comparable in size to adolescents of other larger spaniel breeds.
For centuries, the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (a namesake of Charles II of Britain) has been recorded in paintings and tapestries together with their aristocratic families. It is obvious from these works of art that Cavaliers were a luxury item and lived "the easy life" as house pets. Although used successfully for shooting small game, the Cavalier’s true purpose has always been that of companion.
About Saturday 25 July 1663
San Diego Sarah • Link
"... direction of one goodman Arthur, whom we met on the way, ..." Does the description of Arthur as being a goodman mean anything significant, like a tradesman? Or is it just a clarification as being opposite to a badman like a vagabond or highwayman?
About Ashtead, Surrey
San Diego Sarah • Link
Dr. John Pepys (1576-1652) of Ashtead, Surrey; Pepys' third cousin once removed; father of Jane Turner. The much-loved man of business and executor to Lord Chief Justice Edward Coke. He married Anne, daughter of Terry Walpole of Houghton, Norf., in 1610. They had a son Edward (named after Coke) and two daughters, Elizabeth (Dyke) and Jane (Turner), and lived for some time in Salisbury Court, possibly in the house the Turners occupied in the diary period.
Their Ashtead house was taxed at ten hearths. (L&M Companion)
About Saturday 25 July 1663
San Diego Sarah • Link
Lyra Violl -- according to Michael Robinson on 26 May 2006:
Lyra -- a small bass viol popular in England during the 17th century. For further details of this and other viols and their tuning see: http://www.vdgsa.org/pgs/stuff.ht…
A Brief Introduction to Playing on the Bass Viol from: Playford, An Introduction to the skill of music” (1674) see:- http://www.violadagamba.org/html/…
Pepys apparently owned a copy, with additional blank leaves bound in for further lessons to be added in Ms., to Playford’s “Musick’s Recreation: on the Lyra Viol. Being a collection of new and excellent lessons.” 165[2]; see Diary, Sat. May 23, 1663.
For more information see http://www.pepysdiary.com/encyclo…