After supper to prayers and to bed, having been, by a sudden letter coming to me from Mr. Coventry, been with Sir W. Penn, to discourse with him about sending 500 soldiers into Ireland. I doubt matters do not go very right there.
My list of Lord Mayors of London says: 1663 Sir Anthony Bateman Did they served from March to March? Or January to January? Either way, it seems like a safe name in this context.
FROM http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1… The 1663 trips to Tunbridge and to Bath were trips made in an attempt to cure Queen Catherine of Braganza's infertility. It was believed that by taking the waters under a strict routine as her doctors advised, she might conceive. The original thought was that she go to Tunbridge and from there to the Waters of Bourbon, but since Bourbon was a longer and more expensive trip, one of the Royal physicians, Sir Alexander Fraser, "came to the rescue, and declared that he had analysed the Bourbon springs, when in attendance there with the Queen-mother, and found they exactly resembled those of Bath." (Davidson, p. 196). While in Bath, Charles II and Queen Catherine were the guests of Dr. Pierce, who had a mansion known as Abbey House. Grammont says that Catherine went to Bladud's spring in Bath. Bath, Tunbridge, and Epsom were major tourist centers, and the Queen could expect a good deal of entertainment in addition to soaking and doctors' consultations. The waters of Bath are the only naturally hot springs in the UK - known from Roman times. The water tastes fine if drunk when just drawn and hot, but lukewarm it's disgusting. In the 17th and 18th centuries, you bathed in the water every day for a cure, and also drank it every day. The spa waters at Epsom, Tunbridge, Cheltenham, Buxton, Llandindrod are all cold.
Interesting Charles II didn't find it essential to be with Catherine at Bath during these treatments. I wonder what was going on in London that prevented him from doing his duty?
The Guinea coin of 1663 was the first British machine-struck gold coin. The first one was produced on 6 February 1662/3 (so John Evelyn was there), and was made legal currency by a Proclamation of 27 March 1662/3.
"Guinea" was not an official name for the coin, but much of the gold used to produce the early coins came from Guinea in Africa, the Africa Company having a charter which allowed them to put their symbol (an elephant or later an elephant and castle) beneath the king's effigy on the coins, and the term "guinea" originated from this.
The Company of Adventurers of London Trading to the Ports of Africa, aka "The Guinea Company" was the first private joint stock company to trade in Africa for profit. It traded in slaves, gold and redwood (used for dyes) from the western Africa (today parts of Guinea and Sierra Leone). At its height, the Guinea Co. operated 15 cargo ships.
King James in 1618 granted The Guinea Co. a 31-year monopoly on the exportation of goods from West Africa to be imported into England.
In 1624 Parliament declared The Guinea Co.’s monopoly a grievance, despite the company suffering from financial difficulties.
In 1625 Nicholas Crispe became the principal organizer and profiteer. Crispe purchased the majority of the company’s shares for less than ₤800 in 1628. With his success came more objections.
Crispe earned King James' support by building trading forts on the Gold Coast of Komenda and Kormantin.
The Guinea Co. traded many commodities, one of which was gold, which in the beginning was its primary objective. Between 1618 to 1621, three expeditions were made up the Gambia River to collect gold. No profits were made, and after the third trip the company accumulated a loss of ₤5,600. After Crispe failed to find gold, the company resorted to the collection of redwood from Sierra Leone as its main export.
In 1631 a new charter was granted to the "Company of Merchants Trading to Guinea". Like the first charter, this was also for 31 years, but it covered from Cape Blanco to the Cape of Good Hope. While it may have appeared to outsiders to be a new trading company, it really was not. Many members were previously associated with The Guinea Co., including Crispe. By creating a new entity, they had opportunities to look for gold, particularly in eastern Sierra Leone.
In 1632 gold factories / trading posts were in Komenda, Kormantin, and Winneba. Three additional factories followed by 1650 at Anomabu, Takoradi, and Cabo Corso.
Along with gold as the main source of income, ships were sent east to Benin to trade for cloth which was brought back and sold for gold.
It is estimated that Crispe and the Merchants Trading to Guinea made a profit of over ₤500,000 from gold collected from 1632 to 1644.
In 1640, Crispe and his company were again pressured by parliament which ordered him to give up his monopoly on Guinea.
In 1644 Crispe's shares were taken away, and the company was later turned over to merchants who supported parliament.
The achievements of the Co. of Merchants Trading to Guinea have been somewhat unappreciated. They played a significant role in building trade and development along the west coast of Africa as well as bringing England into the gold trade through the Gold Coast.
According to parliamentary records, the company also appears to have been involved in the trade of enslaved Africans.
Regicide Owen Rowe was appointed to the Committee of Safety in 1642, and played a major role in supplying weapons for Parliament's armies during the wars. He was captain of green regiment of London trained bands in 1642; and in 1643 was commissioned a lieutenant-colonel in the militia and given charge of the armory at the Tower of London. Owen Rowe became a colonel in 1646. He was a Puritan haberdasher by trade. Think Dad's Army indeed.
"... and so went all to Greenwich (Mrs. Waith excepted, who went thither, but not to the same house with us, but to her father’s, that lives there), ..." http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1…
"... got Sir G. Carteret to sign me my last quarter’s bills for my wages, ..." Another example of the Navy not paying salaries on the usual quarter days in March, June, September and December.
Capt. George Cocke's London home was in the parish of St. Peter-le-Poer and was taxed on 10 hearths, and he possessed a large tanning works in Limerick, and held the office of searcher of the port of Newcastle. The Company of Royal Adventurers Trading to Africa was created 1660, and re-founded in 1663, by Prince Rupert and James, Duke of York, to meet the colonists’ labor needs. Charles II encouraged the expansion of the slave trade, by granting a charter, and investing private funds. According to the Duke of York's secretary, Coventry, in 1663, George Cocke was one of the main organizers. http://www.itzcaribbean.com/carib…
The man was fabulously wealthy, had many houses, and could have all the linens he wanted.
Ten years ago Robert Gertz asked: How long has poor Sir Will P been laid up with his gout?
The first time Pepys says, "I by water to Deptford to see Sir W. Penn, who lies ill at Captain Rooth’s," was June 30 http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1….
Before that Penn was in London: "Thence to see Sir W. Penn, who continues ill of the gout still. Here we stayed a good while ..." http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1…
At the beginning of June Penn was well, so sometime in that first two weeks it came on. As I recall, he was at his daughter's, but have not tracked down the date.
" ... Morrice and I went to Sir R. Long’s to have fetched a niece of his, but she was not within, and so we went to boat again and then down to the bridge, and there tried to find a sister of Mrs. Morrice’s, ..." This sounds like Pepys and Mr. Morrice were out scrounging up some girls for a spontaneous boat ride on the King's pleasure craft. However, Sir Robert Long MP, 1st Bart. of Draycot was Chancellor of the Exchequer and not a colleague, and I would guess a bit out of Pepys' league.
But when you consider the possibility from the encyclopedia that Mr. Morrice worked at the Exchequer, the back story changes; Pepys had arranged for the Morrices and .Jane Turner to go out on the craft for the afternoon. Morrice mentioned at the office that he was leaving early to go for an outing on it, and Sir Robert asked him (or Morrice offered) to swing by the house and include Sir Robert's niece. Either she didn't know so she was out, or she did know and didn't want to go, so she pretended to be out. Same with Mrs. Morrice's sister.
I don't think just anyone could show up and take a ride on the King's pleasure boat. This was probably a perk of his office, and a way of giving the rowers some practice.
Many of the seemingly spontaneous meetings Sam has are probably orchestrated ahead of time ... I wonder who is running his errands now he is without a Boy. Wayneman, I miss you!
Thanks, that helps. But the basic conflict remains: perhaps Castlemaine is still in favor with Charles II, so she still wields power. But she is out of favor with the Court because she lost the Bristol / Clarendon showdown. ???? I think people would toady up to her because she still has the King's ear, no matter what they privately thought. So perhaps they refuse to let her win at cards these days, or something.
And I think the impending baby covers a lot of sins for Charles. He must have liked children.
We know he liked dogs ... I wonder what he'll say when he gets back to Whitehall and finds one of his brindle mastiffs went missing recently ... http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1…
'A young brindled mastiff, cropt with three notches on the rump, four white feet, and a white streak down the face, was lost on Fryday was seven-night, July 31. 'Tis one of the king's dogs, and whoever gives notice of him at the porter's lodge in Whitehall, shall have a very good reward.' -1663
Yes, one of the Whitehall staff is in deep trouble ... Charles II is taking the waters at Tunbridge Wells with the Queen, and someone loses his dog. Not good.
The 1663 trips to Tunbridge and to Bath were trips made in an attempt to cure Catherine's infertility. It was believed that by taking the waters under a strict routine as her doctors advised, she might conceive. The original thought was that she go to Tunbridge and from there to the Waters of Bourbon, but since Bourbon was a longer and more expensive trip, one of the Royal physicians, Sir Alexander Fraser, "came to the rescue, and declared that he had analysed the Bourbon springs, when in attendance there with the Queen-mother, and found they exactly resembled those of Bath." (Davidson, p. 196). While in Bath, Charles II and Queen Catherine will be the guest of Dr. Pierce, who had a mansion known as Abbey House.
Grammont says that Catherine went to Bladud's spring in Bath. (see above)
Bath, Tunbridge, and Epsom were major tourist centers, and the Queen could expect a good deal of various entertainments in addition to soaking and doctors' consults.
The waters of Bath are the only naturally hot springs in the UK - known from Roman times. The water tastes fine if drunk when just drawn and hot, but lukewarm it's disgusting. In the 17th and 18th centuries, you bathed in the water every day for a cure, and also drank it every day. The spa waters at Epsom, Tunbridge, Cheltenham, Buxton, Llandindrod et al were all cold. The waters discovered in Bristol come from the same source as the Bath ones, but (despite being hopefully called Hotwells) were only warm, as the water has to travel further to get to the surface.
"... my Lady Castlemaine, who rules the King in matters of state, and do what she list with him, he believes is now falling quite out of favour."
Barbara Villiers Palmer, Countess of Castlemaine is pregnant with Henry FitzRoy (born 28 September 1663) so she is 7-1/2 months pregnant and probably feeling tired, so is presumably out of favor because she's not frolicking in the Royal bed so much. But in matters of state Charles II is doing whatever she lists with him.
I've never heard that term in a 17th century context: TO DO LIST: Go to war with Dutch - Fire Clarendon - Turn Roman Catholic - Arrest Quakers - Imprison Earl of Bristol in Tower ... is that really the sort of list she had ... it doesn't seem plausible to me. Maybe I don't understand what a 17th century list was.
Comments
Second Reading
About Wednesday 26 August 1663
San Diego Sarah • Link
Victualing is a high priority right now:
http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1…
Sunday 23 August 1663 (Lord’s day).
After supper to prayers and to bed, having been, by a sudden letter coming to me from Mr. Coventry, been with Sir W. Penn, to discourse with him about sending 500 soldiers into Ireland. I doubt matters do not go very right there.
About Tuesday 25 August 1663
San Diego Sarah • Link
My list of Lord Mayors of London says:
1663 Sir Anthony Bateman
Did they served from March to March? Or January to January? Either way, it seems like a safe name in this context.
About Tuesday 25 August 1663
San Diego Sarah • Link
FROM http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1… The 1663 trips to Tunbridge and to Bath were trips made in an attempt to cure Queen Catherine of Braganza's infertility. It was believed that by taking the waters under a strict routine as her doctors advised, she might conceive. The original thought was that she go to Tunbridge and from there to the Waters of Bourbon, but since Bourbon was a longer and more expensive trip, one of the Royal physicians, Sir Alexander Fraser, "came to the rescue, and declared that he had analysed the Bourbon springs, when in attendance there with the Queen-mother, and found they exactly resembled those of Bath." (Davidson, p. 196). While in Bath, Charles II and Queen Catherine were the guests of Dr. Pierce, who had a mansion known as Abbey House. Grammont says that Catherine went to Bladud's spring in Bath. Bath, Tunbridge, and Epsom were major tourist centers, and the Queen could expect a good deal of entertainment in addition to soaking and doctors' consultations. The waters of Bath are the only naturally hot springs in the UK - known from Roman times. The water tastes fine if drunk when just drawn and hot, but lukewarm it's disgusting. In the 17th and 18th centuries, you bathed in the water every day for a cure, and also drank it every day. The spa waters at Epsom, Tunbridge, Cheltenham, Buxton, Llandindrod are all cold.
Interesting Charles II didn't find it essential to be with Catherine at Bath during these treatments. I wonder what was going on in London that prevented him from doing his duty?
About Friday 6 February 1662/63
San Diego Sarah • Link
The Mint was at the Tower of London. As reported above, John Evelyn had lunch there today ...
http://british-coin-price-guide.h…
The Guinea coin of 1663 was the first British machine-struck gold coin. The first one was produced on 6 February 1662/3 (so John Evelyn was there), and was made legal currency by a Proclamation of 27 March 1662/3.
"Guinea" was not an official name for the coin, but much of the gold used to produce the early coins came from Guinea in Africa, the Africa Company having a charter which allowed them to put their symbol (an elephant or later an elephant and castle) beneath the king's effigy on the coins, and the term "guinea" originated from this.
About Sir Nicholas Crisp
San Diego Sarah • Link
FROM: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gui…
The Company of Adventurers of London Trading to the Ports of Africa, aka "The Guinea Company" was the first private joint stock company to trade in Africa for profit. It traded in slaves, gold and redwood (used for dyes) from the western Africa (today parts of Guinea and Sierra Leone). At its height, the Guinea Co. operated 15 cargo ships.
King James in 1618 granted The Guinea Co. a 31-year monopoly on the exportation of goods from West Africa to be imported into England.
In 1624 Parliament declared The Guinea Co.’s monopoly a grievance, despite the company suffering from financial difficulties.
In 1625 Nicholas Crispe became the principal organizer and profiteer. Crispe purchased the majority of the company’s shares for less than ₤800 in 1628. With his success came more objections.
Crispe earned King James' support by building trading forts on the Gold Coast of Komenda and Kormantin.
The Guinea Co. traded many commodities, one of which was gold, which in the beginning was its primary objective. Between 1618 to 1621, three expeditions were made up the Gambia River to collect gold. No profits were made, and after the third trip the company accumulated a loss of ₤5,600. After Crispe failed to find gold, the company resorted to the collection of redwood from Sierra Leone as its main export.
In 1631 a new charter was granted to the "Company of Merchants Trading to Guinea". Like the first charter, this was also for 31 years, but it covered from Cape Blanco to the Cape of Good Hope. While it may have appeared to outsiders to be a new trading company, it really was not. Many members were previously associated with The Guinea Co., including Crispe. By creating a new entity, they had opportunities to look for gold, particularly in eastern Sierra Leone.
In 1632 gold factories / trading posts were in Komenda, Kormantin, and Winneba. Three additional factories followed by 1650 at Anomabu, Takoradi, and Cabo Corso.
Along with gold as the main source of income, ships were sent east to Benin to trade for cloth which was brought back and sold for gold.
It is estimated that Crispe and the Merchants Trading to Guinea made a profit of over ₤500,000 from gold collected from 1632 to 1644.
In 1640, Crispe and his company were again pressured by parliament which ordered him to give up his monopoly on Guinea.
In 1644 Crispe's shares were taken away, and the company was later turned over to merchants who supported parliament.
The achievements of the Co. of Merchants Trading to Guinea have been somewhat unappreciated. They played a significant role in building trade and development along the west coast of Africa as well as bringing England into the gold trade through the Gold Coast.
According to parliamentary records, the company also appears to have been involved in the trade of enslaved Africans.
About Traineband
San Diego Sarah • Link
Regicide Owen Rowe was appointed to the Committee of Safety in 1642, and played a major role in supplying weapons for Parliament's armies during the wars. He was captain of green regiment of London trained bands in 1642; and in 1643 was commissioned a lieutenant-colonel in the militia and given charge of the armory at the Tower of London. Owen Rowe became a colonel in 1646. He was a Puritan haberdasher by trade. Think Dad's Army indeed.
About Elizabeth Waith
San Diego Sarah • Link
"... and so went all to Greenwich (Mrs. Waith excepted, who went thither, but not to the same house with us, but to her father’s, that lives there), ..." http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1…
About Friday 21 August 1663
San Diego Sarah • Link
"... got Sir G. Carteret to sign me my last quarter’s bills for my wages, ..." Another example of the Navy not paying salaries on the usual quarter days in March, June, September and December.
About Friday 21 August 1663
San Diego Sarah • Link
Capt. George Cocke's London home was in the parish of St. Peter-le-Poer and was taxed on 10 hearths, and he possessed a large tanning works in Limerick, and held the office of searcher of the port of Newcastle. The Company of Royal Adventurers Trading to Africa was created 1660, and re-founded in 1663, by Prince Rupert and James, Duke of York, to meet the colonists’ labor needs. Charles II encouraged the expansion of the slave trade, by granting a charter, and investing private funds. According to the Duke of York's secretary, Coventry, in 1663, George Cocke was one of the main organizers.
http://www.itzcaribbean.com/carib…
The man was fabulously wealthy, had many houses, and could have all the linens he wanted.
The guys are jealous!
About Thursday 20 August 1663
San Diego Sarah • Link
Thanks, Terry ... I particularly liked the one carved from ox horn. Whittling had many uses back then.
About Thursday 20 August 1663
San Diego Sarah • Link
"Probably pulling a fine-tooth comb ..." Did they have fine tooth combs then? Maybe made of tortoiseshell? If not, how did they delouse the head?
Back in my boarding school days they used metal combs, with strong disinfectant. Never heard of any being found, but we were all inspected every term.
About Tuesday 18 August 1663
San Diego Sarah • Link
So did his business include buying that hat?
About Monday 17 August 1663
San Diego Sarah • Link
Retail therapy was for men in those days, apparently. Or will Bess go shopping tomorrow?
About Friday 14 August 1663
San Diego Sarah • Link
I was wrong, it was Peter Pett who was sick at his daughters. But it doesn't change the fact that Penn has been ill with the gout since early June.
About Friday 14 August 1663
San Diego Sarah • Link
Ten years ago Robert Gertz asked: How long has poor Sir Will P been laid up with his gout?
The first time Pepys says, "I by water to Deptford to see Sir W. Penn, who lies ill at Captain Rooth’s," was June 30 http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1….
Before that Penn was in London: "Thence to see Sir W. Penn, who continues ill of the gout still. Here we stayed a good while ..." http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1…
At the beginning of June Penn was well, so sometime in that first two weeks it came on. As I recall, he was at his daughter's, but have not tracked down the date.
About Tuesday 11 August 1663
San Diego Sarah • Link
" ... Morrice and I went to Sir R. Long’s to have fetched a niece of his, but she was not within, and so we went to boat again and then down to the bridge, and there tried to find a sister of Mrs. Morrice’s, ..." This sounds like Pepys and Mr. Morrice were out scrounging up some girls for a spontaneous boat ride on the King's pleasure craft. However, Sir Robert Long MP, 1st Bart. of Draycot was Chancellor of the Exchequer and not a colleague, and I would guess a bit out of Pepys' league.
But when you consider the possibility from the encyclopedia that Mr. Morrice worked at the Exchequer, the back story changes; Pepys had arranged for the Morrices and .Jane Turner to go out on the craft for the afternoon. Morrice mentioned at the office that he was leaving early to go for an outing on it, and Sir Robert asked him (or Morrice offered) to swing by the house and include Sir Robert's niece. Either she didn't know so she was out, or she did know and didn't want to go, so she pretended to be out. Same with Mrs. Morrice's sister.
I don't think just anyone could show up and take a ride on the King's pleasure boat. This was probably a perk of his office, and a way of giving the rowers some practice.
Many of the seemingly spontaneous meetings Sam has are probably orchestrated ahead of time ... I wonder who is running his errands now he is without a Boy. Wayneman, I miss you!
About Tuesday 11 August 1663
San Diego Sarah • Link
Thanks, that helps. But the basic conflict remains: perhaps Castlemaine is still in favor with Charles II, so she still wields power. But she is out of favor with the Court because she lost the Bristol / Clarendon showdown. ???? I think people would toady up to her because she still has the King's ear, no matter what they privately thought. So perhaps they refuse to let her win at cards these days, or something.
And I think the impending baby covers a lot of sins for Charles. He must have liked children.
We know he liked dogs ... I wonder what he'll say when he gets back to Whitehall and finds one of his brindle mastiffs went missing recently ... http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1…
About Friday 31 July 1663
San Diego Sarah • Link
'A young brindled mastiff, cropt with three notches on the rump, four white feet, and a white streak down the face, was lost on Fryday was seven-night, July 31. 'Tis one of the king's dogs, and whoever gives notice of him at the porter's lodge in Whitehall, shall have a very good reward.' -1663
Yes, one of the Whitehall staff is in deep trouble ... Charles II is taking the waters at Tunbridge Wells with the Queen, and someone loses his dog. Not good.
About Bath, Somerset
San Diego Sarah • Link
FROM http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1…
The 1663 trips to Tunbridge and to Bath were trips made in an attempt to cure Catherine's infertility. It was believed that by taking the waters under a strict routine as her doctors advised, she might conceive. The original thought was that she go to Tunbridge and from there to the Waters of Bourbon, but since Bourbon was a longer and more expensive trip, one of the Royal physicians, Sir Alexander Fraser, "came to the rescue, and declared that he had analysed the Bourbon springs, when in attendance there with the Queen-mother, and found they exactly resembled those of Bath." (Davidson, p. 196). While in Bath, Charles II and Queen Catherine will be the guest of Dr. Pierce, who had a mansion known as Abbey House.
Grammont says that Catherine went to Bladud's spring in Bath. (see above)
Bath, Tunbridge, and Epsom were major tourist centers, and the Queen could expect a good deal of various entertainments in addition to soaking and doctors' consults.
The waters of Bath are the only naturally hot springs in the UK - known from Roman times. The water tastes fine if drunk when just drawn and hot, but lukewarm it's disgusting. In the 17th and 18th centuries, you bathed in the water every day for a cure, and also drank it every day.
The spa waters at Epsom, Tunbridge, Cheltenham, Buxton, Llandindrod et al were all cold. The waters discovered in Bristol come from the same source as the Bath ones, but (despite being hopefully called Hotwells) were only warm, as the water has to travel further to get to the surface.
About Tuesday 11 August 1663
San Diego Sarah • Link
"... my Lady Castlemaine, who rules the King in matters of state, and do what she list with him, he believes is now falling quite out of favour."
Barbara Villiers Palmer, Countess of Castlemaine is pregnant with Henry FitzRoy (born 28 September 1663) so she is 7-1/2 months pregnant and probably feeling tired, so is presumably out of favor because she's not frolicking in the Royal bed so much. But in matters of state Charles II is doing whatever she lists with him.
I've never heard that term in a 17th century context: TO DO LIST: Go to war with Dutch - Fire Clarendon - Turn Roman Catholic - Arrest Quakers - Imprison Earl of Bristol in Tower ... is that really the sort of list she had ... it doesn't seem plausible to me. Maybe I don't understand what a 17th century list was.