Nestled along the Bay of Cádiz in Andalusia is a beautiful port town called El Puerto de Santa María. Its history dates back to the Roman period, and the town has always been of strategic importance due to its location and access to the Atlantic Ocean and Alboran Sea. It is a small town, with some unique things to see that’ll keep you busy. It's even home to some of the best beaches in southern Spain!
You may recognize the name from history as the port where Christopher Columbus set sail for the Americas with the ship named the Santa María.
Or perhaps you know it as one of the three corners of the Sherry Triangle, along with Jerez de la Frontera and Sanlúcar de Barrameda.
A 13th century castle, Castillo de San Marcos, is located in the heart of the town. Parts of the castle date back to the 1st century BC, when the Romans developed the area. Christopher Columbus stayed here while he was developing his expedition to the Americas.
The Palacio de Araníbar was built in the 17th century. The courtyard is stunning, and there are various rooms open to visitors as well. It’s one of the many free things to do in El Puerto de Santa María, and played a prominent role in the city’s history of trading with the Americas.
The Plaza Juan de la Cosa is a tiny plaza, worth noting as it’s named after an important figure in Spanish history: In 1500, Juan de la Cosa drew the earliest European world map in which the Americas were included in. He was also the owner of the Santa Maria, the ship used by Christopher Columbus on his second voyage to the Americas in 1493.
Christopher Columbus has his own plaza a few minutes walk from the castle. The plaza was a hub of activity due to its proximity to the city’s piers.
The Plaza de Toros is another tourist attraction in El Puerto de Santa María, and is one of the largest bullrings in Spain.
The Plaza de España in El Puerto is the historic center, and connects many of the main streets. The plaza was built in the 13th century by the Dukes of Medinaceli and has some important civil buildings around it. The most prominent is the 15th century Iglesia Mayor Prioral, which is free to enter when its doors are open. El Puerto is known for having many palaces, especially from the 17th century, and has given it the nickname “city of 100 palaces”. One of the most unique is the Casa Palacio de los Leones, which is now a hotel.
The Monasterio de la Victoria was built in the 16th century to serve as a convent, and from 1886 was used as a prison for almost 100 years.
A short drive from El Puerto de Santa María's center will bring you to Castillo de Doña Blanca, a 15th century tower situated in a strategic location overlooking the Bay of Cádiz. While there, you can also explore an 8th century BC Phoencian archaeological site.
William Blunden to Sandwich Written from: Alicante Date: 10 October 1661 Shelfmark: MS. Carte 73, fol(s). 596 Document type: Holograph
Sends various naval advices, of incidents in the Mediterranean and on its coasts ...
FROM: Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661 Bodleian Library, University of Oxford Edward Edwards, 2005 Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32 Extent: 464 pages https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
Sir Richard Fanshawe, British Envoy at Lisbon, to Lord Sandwich Written from: Lisbon Date: [6 October 1661 N.S.] Shelfmark: MS. Carte 73, fol(s). 592 Document type: Holograph
Rejoices at the good news sent from Tangier [i.e. in his Lordship's letter written at sea, off Tangier] ... for "the surrender of the place ... is as much overvalued in caballs here, as undervalued in England."
Adds some advices with relation to the Algerines, &c. ...
[26 October/6 September [sic: the writer, in his haste, reversing his figures]
FROM: Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661 Bodleian Library, University of Oxford Edward Edwards, 2005 Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32 Extent: 464 pages https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
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Sadly Sandwich's letter to Fanshaw is not included in the Carte files.
Col. Clanchy [?] [This name is doubtful. In Lord Sandwich's endorsement it appears to have been written "Clanche" (according to sound). Carte has written it "Blanche", which is clearly wrong. The Christian name seems to be "Lewis".] to Sandwich Written from: Lisbon Date: 4 October 1661 Shelfmark: MS. Carte 73, fol(s). 594-595 Document type: Holograph
The writer finds himself in a strange country, without friends or a farthing of money. Entreats Lord Sandwich to write, before he leaves for England, a line of recommendation for him to Sir Richard Fanshawe.
FROM: Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661 Bodleian Library, University of Oxford Edward Edwards, 2005 Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32 Extent: 464 pages https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
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Col. Lewis Clanchy [?] -- who knows.
Sir Richard Fanshawe -- "He was employed in several important embassies in this reign; particularly in negotiating the marriage betwixt the king and the infanta, and putting the last hand to a peace betwixt the kingdoms of Spain and Portugal, which had been for 25 years engaged in a ruinous war. He was an exact critic in the Latin tongue, spoke the Spanish [and Portuguese] with ease and propriety, and perfectly understood the Italian. The politeness of his manners, and the integrity of his life, did not only procure him the love and esteem of his own countrymen, but gained him unusual favour and respect in Spain; among a people notorious for their disregard to strangers, and too apt to overlook all merit but their own. He died at Madrid, June 16, 1666. -- A Biographical History of England. J. Granger, 1779. One of my favorite Stuarts -- a man of integrity with a feisty wife ... https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
My guess is that Sandwich knew -- had possibly employed or fought with -- Col. Clanchy during the recent unpleasantness. Fanshaw is the Ambassador to Portugal, and unlikely to know this stranded young man who is footloose in Lisbon, outside the Palace gates. An introduction is requested. (Alternatively, a free ride home, please?)
A remedy to end all the discontents on either side Written from: Lisbon Date: 29 September 1661 Shelfmark: MS. Carte 73, fol(s). 590 Document type: Original. Placed in the hands of Lord Ambassador the Earl of Sandwich, 4 Oct. 1661
A remedy to end all the discontents on either side [i.e. in relation to matters of litigation upon consulate fees, and charges alleged to be payable thereout, then pending between Thomas Maynard, British* Consul at Lisbon, on the one part; and Edward Bushell, and others, English merchants trading with Portugal, on the other part.
FROM: Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661 Bodleian Library, University of Oxford Edward Edwards, 2005 Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32 Extent: 464 pages https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
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Thomas Maynard, English* Consul at Lisbon - we heard about him at https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/… Thomas Maynard, a merchant from Devon, was appointed the first English* Consul to Portugal by Oliver Cromwell in 1656. He held the post until his death in Lisbon in 1692. A Protestant, he was briefly imprisoned during the Inquisition. https://www.geni.com/people/Thoma…
* There was no "Britain" yet -- knowing how much the Scots loved their Portuguese wines, I suspect they had their own consul.
Edward Bushell -- Edward Bushell, merchant, involved in a dispute about duties due the Portuguese. (L&M Index) Pepys will learn of Bushell and his dealings with Portugal in 1664. No need to go there yet as it tells us nothing about the man and his life, or this business.
Catalogue description: Folio 5: Consul Thomas Maynard to [Secretary Nicholas]. Great popularity of projected ... Ordering and viewing options: This record has not been digitised and cannot be downloaded.
You can order records in advance to be ready for you when you visit Kew. ... Book a visit: Request a copy Reference: SP 89/5/5
Description: Folio 5: Consul Thomas Maynard to [Secretary Nicholas]. Great popularity of projected marriage between Charles II and the Infanta, which alone has induced the common people to accept new and heavier taxes, while the nobility and gentry `have not paid a farthing'. Algiers Corsairs have taken Italian goods and passengers from English ship Raven, and unfavourable repercussions of this on English trade with Italy and Portugal. Spanish West-India Fleet separated, and Mexico Fleet expected at Cadiz. Spaniards intend to invade Portugal with two armies in April. Unwonted activity of English and Irish Jesuits and priests, and their nefarious designs against the Church of England. Request for appointment of a C. of E. chaplain at Lisbon. Encloses list of grievances of English merchants against Portuguese officials and the Inquisition [wanting].
Date and place: 1661 Feb 12/22 Lisbon. Held by: The National Archives, Kew Legal status: Public Record(s) Closure status: Open Document, Open Description https://discovery.nationalarchive…
The King of Portugal to Don Luis d'Almeida, Governor of Tangier Written from: Lixbone Date: 4 September 1661 Shelfmark: MS. Carte 73, fol(s). 588 Document type: A translation
Notifies the conclusion of a marriage, by proxy, between the King of Great Britain, and the Infanta D. Caterina, "my very loving & praised sister".
Commands the rendering of all needful good service & good offices, to any of the ships under Lord Sandwich or to any other English ships that may ride in those seas as occasion may offer.
Commands especial attention to Lord Sandwich, "being one that did most advance the happiness of this affair".
William Blunden to Sandwich Written from: Alicante Date: August 1661 Shelfmark: MS. Carte 73, fol(s). 565 Document type: Holograph
Reports the forwarding of various despatches. Has sent advices to all parts of the breach with Algiers. Adds that the stay of Sir John Lawson's squadron in these seas will be of great comfort to our merchant ships. Alicante affords no variety of fruit; can therefore only send his lordship a few melons.
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A note of the number of men in each ship of the fleet, August 1661 Date: August 1661 Shelfmark: MS. Carte 74, fol(s). 271 Document type: Original
FROM: Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661 Bodleian Library, University of Oxford Edward Edwards, 2005 Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32 Extent: 464 pages https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
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I'm sure the melons were gratefully received.
And how many ships and men were in the Navy, Mr. Carte?
Edward Montagu to Sandwich Written from: London Date: 26 August 1661 Shelfmark: MS. Carte 223, fol(s). 234 Document type: Holograph
Has this day received the earl's letter, from Alicant, of 22 July, together with that enclosed, therewith, for the Lord Chancellor, which was immediately delivered. It gave great joy to the Chancellor, and also to the King.
The only news at court is of some little apprehensions of the stirring of some discontented people; to which the writer attaches small importance or credit ...
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Edward "Ned" Montagu is house-sitting the Whitehall apartment, and apparently talking with the neighbors. https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
What "discontented people"? All I could find: "During 1661 and 1662 Scotland experienced one of the largest witch hunts in its history. Within the space of 16 months no fewer than 660 persons were publicly accused of various acts of sorcery and diabolism. The hunt began to the east of Edinburgh in the villages and small burghs of Midlothian and East Lothian, where 206 individuals were named as witches between April and December 1661. The hunt did not remain restricted to that area, as the privy council busily issued commissions to local authorities throughout the country to try suspected witches. We do not know how many people were executed during the hunt, but the report of John Ray, the English naturalist, that 120 were believed to have been burned during his visit to Scotland suggests that the total number was substantial. It is true that some of the witches tried in the justiciary court (the central Scottish criminal court, also known as the justice court) were acquitted, and a number of those who were simply named as accomplices never came to trial. This should in no way detract from the size and importance of the hunt. At no other time in Scottish history, with the possible exception of 1597, were so many people accused of witchcraft within such a brief period of time." https://www.cambridge.org/core/jo… But I doubt this was what Ned was talking about.
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"At night at home I found a letter from my Lord Sandwich, who is now very well again of his feaver, but not yet gone from Alicante, where he lay sick, and was twice let blood. This letter dated the 22nd July last, which puts me out of doubt of his being ill."
This tells us that it takes a month to get mail from Spain to London, in summer weather, and presumably by sea.
As the Clerk of the Wardrobe, it was Townsend's job to do the accounting, and keep Sandwich informed -- even when the Admiral was at sea. For an example of how difficult this could be, see https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
As the Clerk of the Wardrobe, it was Townsend's job to do the accounting, and keep Sandwich informed -- even when the Admiral was at sea. For an example of how difficult this could be, see https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
L&M: Jane Birch twice returned to Pepys' service, in March1662, for almost a year, and in March 1666, until in 1669 she married his manservant, Tom Edwards. She always remained a favourite with the Pepyses.
Thomas Townsend to Sandwich Written from: Date: 26 August 1661 Shelfmark: MS. Carte 73, fol(s). 583 Document type: Original
Has solicited both the Lord Treasurer, and the Chancellor of the Exchequer for moneys to satisfy the creditors of the Wardrobe, but hitherto in vain.
Procured the king's attention to the matter by means of the Lord Chamberlain, but still has little hope of any money until after Michaelmas.
Out of the order for £6,000 upon the Coronation account, has received as yet only £2,505 ...
FROM: Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661 Bodleian Library, University of Oxford Edward Edwards, 2005 Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32 Extent: 464 pages https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
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Sandwich wishes Charles II was as responsible about paying his bills in a timely manner as Pepys is.
Juan [?] Rodriguez de Baluerte to Earl of Sandwich Written from: Carthagena Date: 25 August 1661 Shelfmark: MS. Carte 73, fol(s). 561 Document type: Original. Addressed: "Exmo. Sr. Duque de Montagu, Conde de Sandwich."
Has received the king's orders [in relation to the English expedition against Algiers] and will render any service in his power within the port of Carthagena.
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M. Delhoye to Sandwich Written from: Carthagena Date: 25 August 1661 Shelfmark: MS. Carte 73, fol(s). 563 Document type:
Acknowledges receipt from England of letters which are to be delivered to Captain Edward Bennet, on his arrival at Carthagena. Spanish.
FROM: Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661 Bodleian Library, University of Oxford Edward Edwards, 2005 Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32 Extent: 464 pages https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
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Cartagena is a Spanish city and a major naval station on the Mediterranean coast, south-eastern Iberia. Cartagena Murcia is second-largest municipality and Spain's sixth-largest city that is not a provincial capital.
Cartagena has been inhabited for over two millennia, being founded around 227 BC by the Carthaginian military leader Hasdrubal the Fair as Qart Hadasht, the same name as the original city of Carthage. The city reached its peak under the Roman Empire, when it was known as Carthago Nova (the New Carthage) and Carthago Spartaria, capital of the province of Carthaginensis.
Much of the historical significance of Cartagena stemmed from its coveted defensive port, one of the most important in the western Mediterranean. As far back as the 16th century it was one of the most important naval ports in Spain, together with Ferrol in the North. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car…
Many places in Cartagena seem to be named "Baluarte" -- hotels, restaurants, etc., so it's a name with local cultural significance. But Juan [?] Rodriguez de Baluerte is drawing a blank.
M. Delhoye must have been the local English agent, and the official recipient of the mail for safe keeping. However, nothing more is offered by search.
George Montagu to Sandwich Date: 24 August 1661 Shelfmark: MS. Carte 73, fol(s). 581 Document type: Holograph
Assures him that in spite of distance Lord Hinchingbrooke sympathized with him, in illness and in recovery; and is now about to set out for France.
There is news of some commotion there, about Montauban - "the Protestants' rising & killing the priests; expelling all of the Romish Religion". But the king has sent Saint Luc against them ...
Montauban -- The largest town of Tarn-et-Garonne, Montauban lies north of Toulouse in the west of the Occitanie region. Bisected by the river Tarn, this enchanting town burned down twice in the 17th century, so much of what we see today could not be known by Sandwich. https://thegoodlifefrance.com/wha…
The inhabitants were Protestant in the17th century: "In 1560 the bishops and magistrates embraced Protestantism, expelled the monks, and demolished the cathedral. Ten years later it became one of the 4 Huguenot strongholds under the Peace of St.-Germain, and formed a small independent republic. It was the headquarters of the Huguenot rebellion of 1621, and successfully withstood an 86-day siege by Louis XIII.
"Because Montauban was a Protestant town, it resisted and held its position against the royal power, refusing to give allegiance to the Catholic King. To scare off the King's opponents and speed up the end of the siege, 400 cannonballs were fired, but Montauban resisted and the royal army was vanquished. St. Jacques church is still marked by the cannonballs, and every year in September, the city celebrates "les 400 coups" (the 400 shots), which has become a common phrase in French.
"Montauban did not submit to royal authority until after the fall of La Rochelle in 1629, when its fortifications were destroyed by Cardinal Richelieu. "The Protestants suffered persecution later in the century, as Louis XIV began to persecute Protestants by sending troops to their homes (dragonnades) and then in 1685 revoked the Edict of Nantes, which had granted the community tolerance." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mon…
The Wellcome Collection has a letter described as: "Letter from the Sieur Saint-Luc (Marquis d'Espinay Saint-Luc) to M. Satur, consul at Montauban, recommending Dr. Rochas as possessing secret remedies against the plague. Date : 17th century" François II d'Espinay, Marquis of Saint-Luc (1603 or 1608, died 1670) is confirmed in his Wiki bio as the some-time governor of Montauban: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fra…
John, Lord Crewe, to Sandwich Written from: Lincoln's Inn Fields Date: 24 August 1661 Shelfmark: MS. Carte 73, fol(s). 579 Document type: Holograph. With seal of arms.
Expresses the sorrow with which the writer, in common with all Lord Sandwich's other friends, heard of his illness at Alicante. Happily all suspense was soon removed by the arrival of better news.
Lord Chancellor [Clarendon] shewed an especial concern, and is assuredly a real friend.
Adds family news, and is able to tell his lordship's yet unseen daughter's name, "before she be christened". Her grandmother [Lady Crewe] desires it should be Sarah, which was Lady Bingham's name ...
FROM: Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661 Bodleian Library, University of Oxford Edward Edwards, 2005 Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32 Extent: 464 pages https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
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Pepys would have mentioned a baby being born to My Lady -- but we do know the Crew family has a new grand-daughter. I think Carte misunderstood the letter.
Don Diego Sanz de La Mosa to Sandwich Written from: Alicante Date: 23 August 1661 N.S. Shelfmark: MS. Carte 73, fol(s). 558 Document type: Holograph. With impressed seal of arms.
Has had intelligence of the sailing of a squadron under Vice-Admiral Sir John Lawson to attack the Moors of Algiers. Will, upon occasion, render any needful service that may be required from him in this port. Spanish.
FROM: Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661 Bodleian Library, University of Oxford Edward Edwards, 2005 Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32 Extent: 464 pages https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
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Diego Sanz de La Moza was the Governor of Alicante
The Count of Toreno, Governor of Malaga to Sandwich Written from: Malaga Date: 18/28 August 1661 Shelfmark: MS. Carte 73, fol(s). 577 Document type: Original; subscribed and signed
A letter of compliment, with assurances of friendly dispositions. Spanish.
FROM: Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661 Bodleian Library, University of Oxford Edward Edwards, 2005 Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32 Extent: 464 pages https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
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The Governor of Malaga, the Conde de Torrino, seems to gave been an hereditory family position, but I haven't found a relevant page for this particular man.
Comments
Third Reading
About Cadiz
San Diego Sarah • Link
Nestled along the Bay of Cádiz in Andalusia is a beautiful port town called El Puerto de Santa María.
Its history dates back to the Roman period, and the town has always been of strategic importance due to its location and access to the Atlantic Ocean and Alboran Sea.
It is a small town, with some unique things to see that’ll keep you busy. It's even home to some of the best beaches in southern Spain!
You may recognize the name from history as the port where Christopher Columbus set sail for the Americas with the ship named the Santa María.
Or perhaps you know it as one of the three corners of the Sherry Triangle, along with Jerez de la Frontera and Sanlúcar de Barrameda.
A 13th century castle, Castillo de San Marcos, is located in the heart of the town. Parts of the castle date back to the 1st century BC, when the Romans developed the area. Christopher Columbus stayed here while he was developing his expedition to the Americas.
The Palacio de Araníbar was built in the 17th century. The courtyard is stunning, and there are various rooms open to visitors as well. It’s one of the many free things to do in El Puerto de Santa María, and played a prominent role in the city’s history of trading with the Americas.
The Plaza Juan de la Cosa is a tiny plaza, worth noting as it’s named after an important figure in Spanish history: In 1500, Juan de la Cosa drew the earliest European world map in which the Americas were included in. He was also the owner of the Santa Maria, the ship used by Christopher Columbus on his second voyage to the Americas in 1493.
Christopher Columbus has his own plaza a few minutes walk from the castle. The plaza was a hub of activity due to its proximity to the city’s piers.
The Plaza de Toros is another tourist attraction in El Puerto de Santa María, and is one of the largest bullrings in Spain.
The Plaza de España in El Puerto is the historic center, and connects many of the main streets. The plaza was built in the 13th century by the Dukes of Medinaceli and has some important civil buildings around it. The most prominent is the 15th century Iglesia Mayor Prioral, which is free to enter when its doors are open.
El Puerto is known for having many palaces, especially from the 17th century, and has given it the nickname “city of 100 palaces”. One of the most unique is the Casa Palacio de los Leones, which is now a hotel.
The Monasterio de la Victoria was built in the 16th century to serve as a convent, and from 1886 was used as a prison for almost 100 years.
A short drive from El Puerto de Santa María's center will bring you to Castillo de Doña Blanca, a 15th century tower situated in a strategic location overlooking the Bay of Cádiz. While there, you can also explore an 8th century BC Phoencian archaeological site.
More, plus pictures, at
https://www.kristatheexplorer.com…
About Thursday 10 October 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
William Blunden to Sandwich
Written from: Alicante
Date: 10 October 1661
Shelfmark: MS. Carte 73, fol(s). 596
Document type: Holograph
Sends various naval advices, of incidents in the Mediterranean and on its coasts ...
FROM:
Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661
Bodleian Library, University of Oxford
Edward Edwards, 2005
Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32
Extent: 464 pages
https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
@@@
William Blunden -- the English Consul to Alicante
Alicante -- https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
About Sunday 6 October 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
Sir Richard Fanshawe, British Envoy at Lisbon, to Lord Sandwich
Written from: Lisbon
Date: [6 October 1661 N.S.]
Shelfmark: MS. Carte 73, fol(s). 592
Document type: Holograph
Rejoices at the good news sent from Tangier [i.e. in his Lordship's letter written at sea, off Tangier] ... for "the surrender of the place ... is as much overvalued in caballs here, as undervalued in England."
Adds some advices with relation to the Algerines, &c. ...
[26 October/6 September [sic: the writer, in his haste, reversing his figures]
FROM:
Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661
Bodleian Library, University of Oxford
Edward Edwards, 2005
Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32
Extent: 464 pages
https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
@@@
Sadly Sandwich's letter to Fanshaw is not included in the Carte files.
Amb. Sir Richard Fanshaw - https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
About Friday 4 October 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
Col. Clanchy [?] [This name is doubtful. In Lord Sandwich's endorsement it appears to have been written "Clanche" (according to sound). Carte has written it "Blanche", which is clearly wrong. The Christian name seems to be "Lewis".] to Sandwich
Written from: Lisbon
Date: 4 October 1661
Shelfmark: MS. Carte 73, fol(s). 594-595
Document type: Holograph
The writer finds himself in a strange country, without friends or a farthing of money. Entreats Lord Sandwich to write, before he leaves for England, a line of recommendation for him to Sir Richard Fanshawe.
FROM:
Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661
Bodleian Library, University of Oxford
Edward Edwards, 2005
Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32
Extent: 464 pages
https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
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Col. Lewis Clanchy [?] -- who knows.
Sir Richard Fanshawe -- "He was employed in several important embassies in this reign; particularly in negotiating the marriage betwixt the king and the infanta, and putting the last hand to a peace betwixt the kingdoms of Spain and Portugal, which had been for 25 years engaged in a ruinous war. He was an exact critic in the Latin tongue, spoke the Spanish [and Portuguese] with ease and propriety, and perfectly understood the Italian. The politeness of his manners, and the integrity of his life, did not only procure him the love and esteem of his own countrymen, but gained him unusual favour and respect in Spain; among a people notorious for their disregard to strangers, and too apt to overlook all merit but their own. He died at Madrid, June 16, 1666. -- A Biographical History of England. J. Granger, 1779.
One of my favorite Stuarts -- a man of integrity with a feisty wife ... https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
My guess is that Sandwich knew -- had possibly employed or fought with -- Col. Clanchy during the recent unpleasantness. Fanshaw is the Ambassador to Portugal, and unlikely to know this stranded young man who is footloose in Lisbon, outside the Palace gates. An introduction is requested. (Alternatively, a free ride home, please?)
About Sunday 29 September 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
A remedy to end all the discontents on either side
Written from: Lisbon
Date: 29 September 1661
Shelfmark: MS. Carte 73, fol(s). 590
Document type: Original. Placed in the hands of Lord Ambassador the Earl of Sandwich, 4 Oct. 1661
A remedy to end all the discontents on either side [i.e. in relation to matters of litigation upon consulate fees, and charges alleged to be payable thereout, then pending between Thomas Maynard, British* Consul at Lisbon, on the one part; and Edward Bushell, and others, English merchants trading with Portugal, on the other part.
FROM:
Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661
Bodleian Library, University of Oxford
Edward Edwards, 2005
Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32
Extent: 464 pages
https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
@@@
Thomas Maynard, English* Consul at Lisbon -
we heard about him at
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
Thomas Maynard, a merchant from Devon, was appointed the first English* Consul to Portugal by Oliver Cromwell in 1656. He held the post until his death in Lisbon in 1692. A Protestant, he was briefly imprisoned during the Inquisition.
https://www.geni.com/people/Thoma…
* There was no "Britain" yet -- knowing how much the Scots loved their Portuguese wines, I suspect they had their own consul.
Edward Bushell -- Edward Bushell, merchant, involved in a dispute about duties due the Portuguese. (L&M Index)
Pepys will learn of Bushell and his dealings with Portugal in 1664. No need to go there yet as it tells us nothing about the man and his life, or this business.
About Tuesday 12 February 1660/61
San Diego Sarah • Link
Catalogue description:
Folio 5: Consul Thomas Maynard to [Secretary Nicholas]. Great popularity of projected ...
Ordering and viewing options: This record has not been digitised and cannot be downloaded.
You can order records in advance to be ready for you when you visit Kew. ...
Book a visit: Request a copy
Reference: SP 89/5/5
Description:
Folio 5: Consul Thomas Maynard to [Secretary Nicholas].
Great popularity of projected marriage between Charles II and the Infanta, which alone has induced the common people to accept new and heavier taxes, while the nobility and gentry `have not paid a farthing'.
Algiers Corsairs have taken Italian goods and passengers from English ship Raven, and unfavourable repercussions of this on English trade with Italy and Portugal.
Spanish West-India Fleet separated, and Mexico Fleet expected at Cadiz.
Spaniards intend to invade Portugal with two armies in April.
Unwonted activity of English and Irish Jesuits and priests, and their nefarious designs against the Church of England.
Request for appointment of a C. of E. chaplain at Lisbon.
Encloses list of grievances of English merchants against Portuguese officials and the Inquisition [wanting].
Date and place: 1661 Feb 12/22 Lisbon.
Held by: The National Archives, Kew
Legal status: Public Record(s)
Closure status: Open Document, Open Description
https://discovery.nationalarchive…
About Wednesday 4 September 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
The King of Portugal to Don Luis d'Almeida, Governor of Tangier
Written from: Lixbone
Date: 4 September 1661
Shelfmark: MS. Carte 73, fol(s). 588
Document type: A translation
Notifies the conclusion of a marriage, by proxy, between the King of Great Britain, and the Infanta D. Caterina, "my very loving & praised sister".
Commands the rendering of all needful good service & good offices, to any of the ships under Lord Sandwich or to any other English ships that may ride in those seas as occasion may offer.
Commands especial attention to Lord Sandwich, "being one that did most advance the happiness of this affair".
@@@
The King of Portugal = Alfonso VI was the brother of Catherine of Braganza
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
Don Luis d'Almeida, Governor of Tangier - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lui…
About Sunday 30 June 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
I did it myself this week. Accidents happen, 徽柔. My apologies for leaping to the wrong conclusion.
About Friday 30 August 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
William Blunden to Sandwich
Written from: Alicante
Date: August 1661
Shelfmark: MS. Carte 73, fol(s). 565
Document type: Holograph
Reports the forwarding of various despatches.
Has sent advices to all parts of the breach with Algiers. Adds that the stay of Sir John Lawson's squadron in these seas will be of great comfort to our merchant ships.
Alicante affords no variety of fruit; can therefore only send his lordship a few melons.
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A note of the number of men in each ship of the fleet, August 1661
Date: August 1661
Shelfmark: MS. Carte 74, fol(s). 271
Document type: Original
FROM:
Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661
Bodleian Library, University of Oxford
Edward Edwards, 2005
Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32
Extent: 464 pages
https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
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I'm sure the melons were gratefully received.
And how many ships and men were in the Navy, Mr. Carte?
William Blunden was the English Consul in Alicante
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
About Monday 26 August 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
Also from the Carte Collection:
Edward Montagu to Sandwich
Written from: London
Date: 26 August 1661
Shelfmark: MS. Carte 223, fol(s). 234
Document type: Holograph
Has this day received the earl's letter, from Alicant, of 22 July, together with that enclosed, therewith, for the Lord Chancellor, which was immediately delivered. It gave great joy to the Chancellor, and also to the King.
The only news at court is of some little apprehensions of the stirring of some discontented people; to which the writer attaches small importance or credit ...
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Edward "Ned" Montagu is house-sitting the Whitehall apartment, and apparently talking with the neighbors.
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
What "discontented people"? All I could find:
"During 1661 and 1662 Scotland experienced one of the largest witch hunts in its history. Within the space of 16 months no fewer than 660 persons were publicly accused of various acts of sorcery and diabolism. The hunt began to the east of Edinburgh in the villages and small burghs of Midlothian and East Lothian, where 206 individuals were named as witches between April and December 1661. The hunt did not remain restricted to that area, as the privy council busily issued commissions to local authorities throughout the country to try suspected witches. We do not know how many people were executed during the hunt, but the report of John Ray, the English naturalist, that 120 were believed to have been burned during his visit to Scotland suggests that the total number was substantial. It is true that some of the witches tried in the justiciary court (the central Scottish criminal court, also known as the justice court) were acquitted, and a number of those who were simply named as accomplices never came to trial. This should in no way detract from the size and importance of the hunt. At no other time in Scottish history, with the possible exception of 1597, were so many people accused of witchcraft within such a brief period of time."
https://www.cambridge.org/core/jo…
But I doubt this was what Ned was talking about.
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"At night at home I found a letter from my Lord Sandwich, who is now very well again of his feaver, but not yet gone from Alicante, where he lay sick, and was twice let blood. This letter dated the 22nd July last, which puts me out of doubt of his being ill."
This tells us that it takes a month to get mail from Spain to London, in summer weather, and presumably by sea.
About Thomas Townshend
San Diego Sarah • Link
As the Clerk of the Wardrobe, it was Townsend's job to do the accounting, and keep Sandwich informed -- even when the Admiral was at sea. For an example of how difficult this could be, see
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
About Thomas Townshend
San Diego Sarah • Link
As the Clerk of the Wardrobe, it was Townsend's job to do the accounting, and keep Sandwich informed -- even when the Admiral was at sea. For an example of how difficult this could be, see
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
About Jane Edwards (b. Birch, Pepys' maid)
San Diego Sarah • Link
L&M: Jane Birch twice returned to Pepys' service, in March1662, for almost a year, and in March 1666, until in 1669 she married his manservant, Tom Edwards. She always remained a favourite with the Pepyses.
About Monday 26 August 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
Thomas Townsend to Sandwich
Written from:
Date: 26 August 1661
Shelfmark: MS. Carte 73, fol(s). 583
Document type: Original
Has solicited both the Lord Treasurer, and the Chancellor of the Exchequer for moneys to satisfy the creditors of the Wardrobe, but hitherto in vain.
Procured the king's attention to the matter by means of the Lord Chamberlain, but still has little hope of any money until after Michaelmas.
Out of the order for £6,000 upon the Coronation account, has received as yet only £2,505 ...
FROM:
Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661
Bodleian Library, University of Oxford
Edward Edwards, 2005
Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32
Extent: 464 pages
https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
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Sandwich wishes Charles II was as responsible about paying his bills in a timely manner as Pepys is.
Thomas Townsend, Clerk of the Great Wardrobe
https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
About Sunday 25 August 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
Juan [?] Rodriguez de Baluerte to Earl of Sandwich
Written from: Carthagena
Date: 25 August 1661
Shelfmark: MS. Carte 73, fol(s). 561
Document type: Original. Addressed: "Exmo. Sr. Duque de Montagu, Conde de Sandwich."
Has received the king's orders [in relation to the English expedition against Algiers] and will render any service in his power within the port of Carthagena.
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M. Delhoye to Sandwich
Written from: Carthagena
Date: 25 August 1661
Shelfmark: MS. Carte 73, fol(s). 563
Document type:
Acknowledges receipt from England of letters which are to be delivered to Captain Edward Bennet, on his arrival at Carthagena.
Spanish.
FROM:
Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661
Bodleian Library, University of Oxford
Edward Edwards, 2005
Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32
Extent: 464 pages
https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
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Cartagena is a Spanish city and a major naval station on the Mediterranean coast, south-eastern Iberia. Cartagena Murcia is second-largest municipality and Spain's sixth-largest city that is not a provincial capital.
Cartagena has been inhabited for over two millennia, being founded around 227 BC by the Carthaginian military leader Hasdrubal the Fair as Qart Hadasht, the same name as the original city of Carthage. The city reached its peak under the Roman Empire, when it was known as Carthago Nova (the New Carthage) and Carthago Spartaria, capital of the province of Carthaginensis.
Much of the historical significance of Cartagena stemmed from its coveted defensive port, one of the most important in the western Mediterranean. As far back as the 16th century it was one of the most important naval ports in Spain, together with Ferrol in the North.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car…
Many places in Cartagena seem to be named "Baluarte" -- hotels, restaurants, etc., so it's a name with local cultural significance. But Juan [?] Rodriguez de Baluerte is drawing a blank.
M. Delhoye must have been the local English agent, and the official recipient of the mail for safe keeping. However, nothing more is offered by search.
About Saturday 24 August 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
Also fron the Carte Collection:
George Montagu to Sandwich
Date: 24 August 1661
Shelfmark: MS. Carte 73, fol(s). 581
Document type: Holograph
Assures him that in spite of distance Lord Hinchingbrooke sympathized with him, in illness and in recovery; and is now about to set out for France.
There is news of some commotion there, about Montauban - "the Protestants' rising & killing the priests; expelling all of the Romish Religion". But the king has sent Saint Luc against them ...
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Although not mentioned in the Diary, the House of Commons says Sandwich had a half-brother named George Montagu MP. His son is going to France with Hinchingbrooke and Sidney for education.
https://www.historyofparliamenton…
https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Mon…
Montauban -- The largest town of Tarn-et-Garonne, Montauban lies north of Toulouse in the west of the Occitanie region. Bisected by the river Tarn, this enchanting town burned down twice in the 17th century, so much of what we see today could not be known by Sandwich.
https://thegoodlifefrance.com/wha…
The inhabitants were Protestant in the17th century:
"In 1560 the bishops and magistrates embraced Protestantism, expelled the monks, and demolished the cathedral. Ten years later it became one of the 4 Huguenot strongholds under the Peace of St.-Germain, and formed a small independent republic. It was the headquarters of the Huguenot rebellion of 1621, and successfully withstood an 86-day siege by Louis XIII.
"Because Montauban was a Protestant town, it resisted and held its position against the royal power, refusing to give allegiance to the Catholic King. To scare off the King's opponents and speed up the end of the siege, 400 cannonballs were fired, but Montauban resisted and the royal army was vanquished. St. Jacques church is still marked by the cannonballs, and every year in September, the city celebrates "les 400 coups" (the 400 shots), which has become a common phrase in French.
"Montauban did not submit to royal authority until after the fall of La Rochelle in 1629, when its fortifications were destroyed by Cardinal Richelieu.
"The Protestants suffered persecution later in the century, as Louis XIV began to persecute Protestants by sending troops to their homes (dragonnades) and then in 1685 revoked the Edict of Nantes, which had granted the community tolerance."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mon…
The Wellcome Collection has a letter described as:
"Letter from the Sieur Saint-Luc (Marquis d'Espinay Saint-Luc) to M. Satur, consul at Montauban, recommending Dr. Rochas as possessing secret remedies against the plague. Date : 17th century"
François II d'Espinay, Marquis of Saint-Luc (1603 or 1608, died 1670) is confirmed in his Wiki bio as the some-time governor of Montauban:
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fra…
About Saturday 24 August 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
John, Lord Crewe, to Sandwich
Written from: Lincoln's Inn Fields
Date: 24 August 1661
Shelfmark: MS. Carte 73, fol(s). 579
Document type: Holograph. With seal of arms.
Expresses the sorrow with which the writer, in common with all Lord Sandwich's other friends, heard of his illness at Alicante. Happily all suspense was soon removed by the arrival of better news.
Lord Chancellor [Clarendon] shewed an especial concern, and is assuredly a real friend.
Adds family news, and is able to tell his lordship's yet unseen daughter's name, "before she be christened". Her grandmother [Lady Crewe] desires it should be Sarah, which was Lady Bingham's name ...
FROM:
Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661
Bodleian Library, University of Oxford
Edward Edwards, 2005
Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32
Extent: 464 pages
https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
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Pepys would have mentioned a baby being born to My Lady -- but we do know the Crew family has a new grand-daughter. I think Carte misunderstood the letter.
About Friday 23 August 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
Don Diego Sanz de La Mosa to Sandwich
Written from: Alicante
Date: 23 August 1661 N.S.
Shelfmark: MS. Carte 73, fol(s). 558
Document type: Holograph. With impressed seal of arms.
Has had intelligence of the sailing of a squadron under Vice-Admiral Sir John Lawson to attack the Moors of Algiers. Will, upon occasion, render any needful service that may be required from him in this port.
Spanish.
FROM:
Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661
Bodleian Library, University of Oxford
Edward Edwards, 2005
Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32
Extent: 464 pages
https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
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Diego Sanz de La Moza was the Governor of Alicante
About Sunday 18 August 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
The Count of Toreno, Governor of Malaga to Sandwich
Written from: Malaga
Date: 18/28 August 1661
Shelfmark: MS. Carte 73, fol(s). 577
Document type: Original; subscribed and signed
A letter of compliment, with assurances of friendly dispositions.
Spanish.
FROM:
Carte Calendar Volume 32, June - December 1661
Bodleian Library, University of Oxford
Edward Edwards, 2005
Shelfmark: MS. Carte Calendar 32
Extent: 464 pages
https://wayback.archive-it.org/or…
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The Governor of Malaga, the Conde de Torrino, seems to gave been an hereditory family position, but I haven't found a relevant page for this particular man.
About Sunday 30 June 1661
San Diego Sarah • Link
Why do you post spoilers, 徽柔 ? Please stop. We're not there yet.